A certain number of charges are deposited on the surface of high-voltage solar array because of effects of space plasma,high-energy charged particles,and solar illumination,hence the surface is charged.Phenomena of el...A certain number of charges are deposited on the surface of high-voltage solar array because of effects of space plasma,high-energy charged particles,and solar illumination,hence the surface is charged.Phenomena of electrostatic discharge(ESD) occur on the surface when the deposited charges exceed a threshold amount.In this paper,the mechanism of this ESD is discussed.The ground simulation experiment of the ESD using spacecraft material under surface charging is described,and a novel ESD protecting method for high-voltage solar array,i.e.an active protecting method based on the local strong electric field array is proposed.The results show that the reversal potential gradient field between the cover surface and the substrate materials of high-voltage solar array is a triggering factor for the ESD on the array.The threshold voltage for the ESD occurring on the surface is about 500 V.The charged particles could be deflected using the electric field active protecting method,and hence the ESD on the surface is avoided even when the voltage on the conductor array increases to a certain value.These results pave the way for further developing the protecting measures for high-voltage solar arrays.展开更多
Thin nanocomposite fflms based on tin dioxide with a low content of zinc oxide(0.5–5 mol.%)were obtained by the sol–gel method.The synthesized fflms are 300–600 nm thick and contains pore sizes of 19–29 nm.The res...Thin nanocomposite fflms based on tin dioxide with a low content of zinc oxide(0.5–5 mol.%)were obtained by the sol–gel method.The synthesized fflms are 300–600 nm thick and contains pore sizes of 19–29 nm.The resulting ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms were comprehensively studied by atomic force and Kelvin probe force microscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra.The photoconductivity parameters on exposure to light with a wavelength of 470 nm were also studied.The study of the photosensitivity kinetics of ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms showed that the fflm with the Zn:Sn ratio equal to 0.5:99.5 has the minimum value of the charge carrier generation time constant.Measurements of the activation energy of the conductivity,potential barrier,and surface potential of ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms showed that these parameters have maxima at ZnO concentrations of 0.5 mol.%and 1 mol.%.Films with 1 mol.%ZnO exhibit high response values when exposed to 5–50 ppm of nitrogen dioxide at operating temperatures of 200℃ and 250℃.展开更多
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（51177173）, Elec- tromagnetic Environment Effect Key Laboratory Foundation（9140C87010313 JB34004）.
文摘A certain number of charges are deposited on the surface of high-voltage solar array because of effects of space plasma,high-energy charged particles,and solar illumination,hence the surface is charged.Phenomena of electrostatic discharge(ESD) occur on the surface when the deposited charges exceed a threshold amount.In this paper,the mechanism of this ESD is discussed.The ground simulation experiment of the ESD using spacecraft material under surface charging is described,and a novel ESD protecting method for high-voltage solar array,i.e.an active protecting method based on the local strong electric field array is proposed.The results show that the reversal potential gradient field between the cover surface and the substrate materials of high-voltage solar array is a triggering factor for the ESD on the array.The threshold voltage for the ESD occurring on the surface is about 500 V.The charged particles could be deflected using the electric field active protecting method,and hence the ESD on the surface is avoided even when the voltage on the conductor array increases to a certain value.These results pave the way for further developing the protecting measures for high-voltage solar arrays.
基金The authors are grateful to the PHENMA 2021–2022 conference for the possibility of manuscript publication.The research was carried out at the expense of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No.22-29-00621,(https://rscf.ru/project/22-29-00621/)at the Southern Federal University.
文摘Thin nanocomposite fflms based on tin dioxide with a low content of zinc oxide(0.5–5 mol.%)were obtained by the sol–gel method.The synthesized fflms are 300–600 nm thick and contains pore sizes of 19–29 nm.The resulting ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms were comprehensively studied by atomic force and Kelvin probe force microscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra.The photoconductivity parameters on exposure to light with a wavelength of 470 nm were also studied.The study of the photosensitivity kinetics of ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms showed that the fflm with the Zn:Sn ratio equal to 0.5:99.5 has the minimum value of the charge carrier generation time constant.Measurements of the activation energy of the conductivity,potential barrier,and surface potential of ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms showed that these parameters have maxima at ZnO concentrations of 0.5 mol.%and 1 mol.%.Films with 1 mol.%ZnO exhibit high response values when exposed to 5–50 ppm of nitrogen dioxide at operating temperatures of 200℃ and 250℃.
文摘研究了经α+β两相区固溶+时效处理的Ti-600合金3种温度(550、600、650℃)、3种应力(250、300、350 MPa)下的蠕变性能,通过合金的稳态蠕变速率数值求解了合金的蠕变激活能和蠕变应力指数n,并引入临界应力σ0获得合金的真实应力指数p,最后对合金的蠕变机制进行了分析。结果表明,蠕变温度升高、蠕变应力增加时,Ti-600合金的稳态蠕变速率增大,稳态蠕变时间缩短。Ti-600合金的名义蠕变激活能为473.5 k J/mol。600和650℃下,合金的临界应力σ0值分别为103.1和42.1 MPa;应力指数n分别为6.5和4.9;真实应力指数p值分别为4.23和4.22。同时构建了该合金600和650℃下的稳态蠕变速率本构方程。本实验条件下合金的蠕变均为位错攀移机制。
