Additivity of pore structural parameters of granular activated carbons derived from different coals and their blends

A series of granular activated carbons （GACs） were prepared by briquetting method from Chinese coals of different ranks and their blends, with coal pitch as the binder. Pore structural parameters including BET specific surface area （SBEr）, total pore volume （Vr） and average pore diameter （da） were measured and cal- culated as well as process parameters such as yield of char （CY） and burn-off （B）. The relationship between the pore structural parameters of the GAC from coal blend （BC-GAC） and the ones of the GACs from corresponding single coals （SC-GACs） was analyzed, in which an index, the relative error （δ）, was presented to define the bias between fitted values and experimental values of these parameters of the BC-GACs. The results show that the BC-GAC keeps qualitatively the pore structural features of the SC-GACs; as concerned as the quantitative relationship, the pore structural parameters of the BC-GAC from coal blend consisting of non-caking coals can be obtained by adding proportionally the pore structural parameters of the SC-GACs with a less than 10%. Meanwhile, for the BC-GAC from coal blend containing weak caking bituminous coal, the δ increases up to 25% and the experimental pore size distribution differs greatly from the fitted one.

Study on extracting alumina from fly ash by compound additive activation method

According to the chemical and mineral composition characteristics of the fly ash,alumina can be extracted from fly ash through the calcining method by using sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate additives.The effects on leaching rate of alumina have been investigated. The results showed that the fly ash can be activated effectively and the leaching rate of alumina can be improved to more than 92% through this method. The best process parameters were the ratio of raw materials,i. e. the material weight ratio of fly ash,calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate was 1. 0∶1. 2∶0. 9. The activating temperature was 850℃-900℃,activating time was 3 h. This process has a potential application prospect and improves the value of comprehensive utilization of fly ash.

Identification of an allosteric hotspot for additive activation of PPARγ in antidiabetic effects

Thiazolidinediones(TZDs),such as rosiglitazone(RSG),which activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-y(PPARy),are a potent class of oral antidiabetic agents with good durability.However,the clinical use of TZDs is challenging because of their side effects,including weight gain and hepatotoxicity.Here,we found that bavachinin(BVC),a lead natural product,additively activates PPARγ with lowdose RSG to preserve the maximum antidiabetic effects while reducing weight gain and hepatotoxicity in db/db mice caused by RSG monotherapy.Structural and biochemical assays demonstrated that an unexplored hotspot around Met329 and Ser332 in helix 5 is triggered by BVC cobinding to RSG-bound PPARy,thereby allosterically stabilizing the active state of the activation-function 2 motif responsible for additive activation with RSG.Based on this hotspot,we discovered a series of new classes of allosteric agonists inducing the activity of TZDs in the same manner as BVC.Together,our data illustrate that the hotspot of PPARγ is druggable for the discovery of new allosteric synergists,and the combination thera py of allosteric synergists and TZD drugs may provide a potential alternative approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A green and convenient approach toward benzimidazole derivatives and their antimicrobial activity

N-Alkylated benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized via the aza-Michael addition reactions of1H-benzimidazoles to a,b-unsaturated compounds in water and palladium acetate obviously promoted these transformations. The reported method, overcoming the inactivation of palladium under the equivalent nitrogenous conditions, has the advantages of convenient manipulation, atom-economy, as well as environmental friendliness. The bioactive results showed that butyl 3-（5,6-dimethyl-1Hbenzo[d]imidazol-1-yl）propanoate（3c） exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis（MIC = 16 mg/m L） and Bacillus proteus（MIC = 8 mg/m L）. Therefore, this process would facilitate the construction of various potential bioactive compounds based on the benzimidazole scaffold under mild conditions.

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel bridged-neonicotinoids

A series of novel bridged-neonicotinoid analogues were designed and synthesized, which were constructed by starting material 8 with cyclopentenone or cyclohexenone in the presence of catalyst aluminium chloride. All of the compounds were characterized and confirmed by^1H NMR,^（13）C NMR, HRMS and IR. The bioassay tests showed that compounds 5 and 6a showed higher bioactivities than imidacloprid against Aphis craccivora.