Intention and automaticity toward physical and sedentary screen-based leisure activities in adolescents:A profile perspective

Purpose： Physical activity （PA） and sedentary behavior （SB） are increasingly considered independent health behaviors. Additionally, current research suggests that both controlled and automatic determinants account for their adoption. The purpose of this article was to identify intention-automaticity profiles toward PA and screen-based SB and to examine how those profiles are associated with different behavioral patterns. Method： Two cross-sectional studies based on self-report questionnaires were conducted with French high school students （Study 1： n = 198; Study 2： n = 185）. Results： In all, 4 distinct motivational profiles appeared. The first 3 clusters emerged in both studies： ＂PA＂ （high levels of automaticity and intention for PA, low levels of automaticity and intention for screen-based SB）; ＂screen＂ （high levels of automaticity and intention for screen-based SB, low levels of automatieity and intention for PA）, and ＂mixed＂ （high levels of all variables）, whereas the fourth cluster was observed only in Study 2： ＂high control＂ （below-mean levels of automaticity, high levels of intention toward both PA and screen-based SB）. Adolescents with a screen profile displayed the least healthy behavioral pattern, whereas those in the PA profile demonstrated the most favorable behaviors. Conclusion： Future research is needed to extend these results to other populations using complementary assessment methods of automatic psychological processes and PA and SB behaviors.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.（http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

Organized physical activity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder,cerebral palsy,and intellectual disability

BACKGROUND There is little data on physical activity(PA),organized PA(OPA),and sedentary behaviors in autism spectrum disorders(ASD)and other neurodevelopmental disorders in developing countries.AIM To examine OPA,non-OPA,and sedentary behaviors and their associated factors in children and adolescents with ASD,cerebral palsy(CP),and intellectual disability(ID).METHODS A total of 1020 children and adolescents with ASD,CP,and ID were assessed regarding the child and family information as well as the Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey.RESULTS The results showed that the OPA level was significantly lower than non-OPA in all groups.Furthermore,the OPA level was significantly lower in the CP group compared to ASD and ID groups(P<0.001).Also,moderate(P<0.001),vigorous(P<0.05),and total(P<0.001)physical activity levels were significantly different between all three groups,with the values being higher in the ASD group compared to the other two.The mean of the total sedentary behavior duration in the ASD group(1819.4 min/week,SD:1680)was significantly lower than in the CP group(2687 min/week,SD:2673)(P=0.007)but not ID group(2176 min/week,SD:2168.9)(P=0.525).CONCLUSION Our findings remark on the participation rate of PA,OPA,and sedentary behaviors of children and adolescents with ASD,CP,and ID in a developing country.In contrast,the need for developing standards of PA/OPA participation in neurodevelopmental disorders is discussed.