Research on the Activity Frame Work of Using Visual Thinking Tools

The development of high order thinking has been considered as a national priority of learning. By using three iteration action research in six elementary schools in Guangzhou, China for about 1 year and a half, we found that visual thinking tools can improve students＇ high order thinking ability and change the traditional teaching method. By using this activity frame work, the teachers can better understand what are the students thinking about and the students can use the thinking tools to help themselves solve complex problems and discuss with other people. The reason we do this research is to improve the high-order thinking ability of primary student. In this paper, we summarize an activity frame work of using visual thinking tools to improve students thinking ability. And the frame work can be divided into three stages： preparatory stage, implementation stage and assessment stage. And different stage has different activity. Though this activity frame work is not perfect enough, we will improve it in our future study.

Toxic hepatitis in occupational exposure to solvents

The liver is the main organ responsible for the metabolism of drugs and toxic chemicals, and so is the primary target organ for many organic solvents. Work activities with hepatotoxins exposures are numerous and, moreover, organic solvents are used in various industrial processes. Organic solvents used in different industrial processes may be associated with hepatotoxicity. Several factors contribute to liver toxicity; among these are: species differences, nutritional condition, genetic factors, interaction with medications in use, alcohol abuse and interaction, and age. This review addresses the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity. The main pathogenic mechanisms responsible for functional and organic damage caused by solvents are: inflammation, dysfunction of cytochrome P450, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The health impact of exposure to solvents in the workplace remains an interesting and worrying question for professional health work.

Golimumab in real-world practice in patients with ulcerative colitis:Twelve-month results

BACKGROUND The introduction of biologics has revolutionized the management of the chronic inflammatory bowel disease,ulcerative colitis(UC),with many patients experiencing significant improvements not only in their symptoms but in other outcomes relevant to individuals and society as a whole.In Germany,there are no prospective data>3 mo that assess the work productivity,daily activities and quality of life(QoL)of patients with moderate-to-severe UC treated with golimumab.AIM To assess change in work productivity,capacity for daily activities and QoL in UC patients treated with golimumab in Germany.METHODS The validated Work Productivity Activity Impairment(WPAI)Questionnaire was used to analyze the change in work productivity,the capacity for daily activities after three months(primary endpoint)and disease specific and health related QoL(HRQoL)up to 1 year(secondary endpoints).The changes in work productivity and activity impairment were evaluated every three months until month twelve compared to baseline.Disease-specific and health-related QoL were assessed with the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire and with the short-form 12 health survey questionnaire(SF-12).RESULTS This prospective non-interventional study included 287 patients.The analysis population was comprised of 282 patients who had completed at least two visits.At baseline,61%of patients had moderate UC and 18%had severe UC.Furthermore,75%of patients worked full-time or part-time at baseline.A total of 212 patients who were employed at the start of the study(employed population)were evaluated for the primary endpoint.Golimumab significantly reduced all WPAI sub-scores compared to baseline after three,six,nine and twelve months after the start of treatment(P<0.0001).In addition,disease-specific QoL and HRQoL,as measured by the SF-12 questionnaire,improved significantly with golimumab at all evaluation times(P<0.0001 in each case vs baseline).CONCLUSION Treatment of moderate-to-severe UC with golimumab leads to significant improvements in patient´s work productivity,daily activity and QoL over twelve months.

Locomotor activity and anxiety status, but not spatial working memory,are affected in mice after brief exposure to cuprizone

Chronic long-term exposure to cuprizone causes severe brain demyelination in mice,which leads to changes in locomotion,working memory and anxiety.These findings suggest the importance of intact myelin for these behaviors.This study aimed to investigate the possible behavioral changes in mice with mild oligodendrocyte/myelin damage that parallels the white matter changes seen in the brains of patients with psychiatric disporders.We used the cuprizonetreated mouse model to test both tissue changes and behavioral functions（locomotor activity,anxiety status,and spatial working memory）.The results showed that mice given cuprizone in their diet for 7 days had no significant myelin breakdown as evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for myelin basic protein,while the number of mature oligodendrocytes was reduced.The number and length of Caspr protein clusters,a structural marker of the node of Ranvier,did not change.The locomotor activity of the cuprizonetreated mice increased whereas their anxiety levels were lower than in normal controls;spatial working memory,however,did not change.These results,for the first time,link emotion-related behavior with mild white matter damage in cuprizone-treated mice.