a-Ketoglutaric acid（a-KA） is an important metabolic intermediate in tricarboxylic acid circle in our body.The mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1（IDH1） and isocitrate dehydrogenase-2（IDH2）, however,will lead...a-Ketoglutaric acid（a-KA） is an important metabolic intermediate in tricarboxylic acid circle in our body.The mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1（IDH1） and isocitrate dehydrogenase-2（IDH2）, however,will lead to the transformation of a-KA into 2-hydroxyglutarate（2-HG）, which is confirmed to closely related to actue myeloid leukemia（AML）. Therefore it is of great significance to detect a-KA level changes in serum. In this paper, a fluorescent ＂off-on＂ probe CH for a-KA was designed based on naphthalimide fluorophore by introducing a hydrazine group for a-KA recognition and a long alkyl amino chain to enhance PET efficiency and water solubility. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTAB） was added toform self-assembly micelles for accelerating the recognition process. CH shows a 28-fold fluorescence enhancement（（I - I_0）/I_0 at 550 nm） over other biological species by optimizing the chemical recognition process of CH with a-KA. Significantly, CH was successfully applied for thefluorescence discrimination of all kinds of blood cancer serum samples. This work would provide a potential method that is quick and convenient for sensing a-KA and may promote fluorescence detection in clinical diagnosis.展开更多
Natural muscle provides excellent motilities for animals.As the basic unit of the muscle system,the skeletal muscle fibers function as a soft linear actuator.Inspired by the muscle fibers,researchers have developed va...Natural muscle provides excellent motilities for animals.As the basic unit of the muscle system,the skeletal muscle fibers function as a soft linear actuator.Inspired by the muscle fibers,researchers have developed various soft active devices with linear actuation.This paper reviews several soft linear actu ators,such as the dielec trie elastomer,t hermal responsive hydrogels,pneumatic artificial muscle,and conducting polymers.The actuation mechanisms and performances of these soft linear actuators are summarized.Based on the dielectric elastomer,we propose a design of a hybrid system with linear actuation,driven by both the electric motor and dielectric elasto mer cone.The elec tromechanical behaviors of the dielec trie elastomer cone have been investigated in both experiment and finite element analysis.This work may guide the further design of soft actuators and robots.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21576037, 21422601, 21406028, 21421005)NSFC-Liaoning United Fund (No. U1608222)
文摘a-Ketoglutaric acid（a-KA） is an important metabolic intermediate in tricarboxylic acid circle in our body.The mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1（IDH1） and isocitrate dehydrogenase-2（IDH2）, however,will lead to the transformation of a-KA into 2-hydroxyglutarate（2-HG）, which is confirmed to closely related to actue myeloid leukemia（AML）. Therefore it is of great significance to detect a-KA level changes in serum. In this paper, a fluorescent ＂off-on＂ probe CH for a-KA was designed based on naphthalimide fluorophore by introducing a hydrazine group for a-KA recognition and a long alkyl amino chain to enhance PET efficiency and water solubility. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTAB） was added toform self-assembly micelles for accelerating the recognition process. CH shows a 28-fold fluorescence enhancement（（I - I_0）/I_0 at 550 nm） over other biological species by optimizing the chemical recognition process of CH with a-KA. Significantly, CH was successfully applied for thefluorescence discrimination of all kinds of blood cancer serum samples. This work would provide a potential method that is quick and convenient for sensing a-KA and may promote fluorescence detection in clinical diagnosis.
基金This work acknowledges the supports from the following programs:National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0701100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11572280,11822207,U161320211321202 and 11432012)+3 种基金National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB057301)China Association for Science and Technology(Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program No.YESS20150004)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(R18A020004)Fund of State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,Zhejiang University,and Dr.Li Dak Sum&Yip Yio Chin Fund for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine.
文摘Natural muscle provides excellent motilities for animals.As the basic unit of the muscle system,the skeletal muscle fibers function as a soft linear actuator.Inspired by the muscle fibers,researchers have developed various soft active devices with linear actuation.This paper reviews several soft linear actu ators,such as the dielec trie elastomer,t hermal responsive hydrogels,pneumatic artificial muscle,and conducting polymers.The actuation mechanisms and performances of these soft linear actuators are summarized.Based on the dielectric elastomer,we propose a design of a hybrid system with linear actuation,driven by both the electric motor and dielectric elasto mer cone.The elec tromechanical behaviors of the dielec trie elastomer cone have been investigated in both experiment and finite element analysis.This work may guide the further design of soft actuators and robots.
