After a radiological or nuclear event, acute radiation syndrome(ARS) will present complex medical challenges that could involve the treatment of hundreds to thousands of patients. Current medical doctrine is based on ...After a radiological or nuclear event, acute radiation syndrome(ARS) will present complex medical challenges that could involve the treatment of hundreds to thousands of patients. Current medical doctrine is based on limited clinical data and remains inadequate. Efforts to develop medical innovations that address ARS complications are unlikely to be generated by the industry because of market uncertainties specific to this type of injury. A prospective strategy could be the integration of cellular therapy to meet the medical demands of ARS. The most clinically advanced cellular therapy to date is the administration of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Results of currently published investigations describing MSC safety and efficacy in a variety of injury and disease models demonstrate the unique qualities of this reparative cell population in adapting to the specific requirements of the damaged tissue in which the cells integrate. This report puts forward a rationale for the further evaluation of MSC therapy to address the current unmet medical needs of ARS. We propose that the exploration of this novel therapy for the treatment of the multivariate complications of ARS could be of invaluable benefit to military medicine.展开更多
Acute radiation syndrome affects military personnel and civilians following the uncontrolled dispersal of radiation,such as that caused by detonation of nuclear devices and inappropriate medical treatments.Therefore,t...Acute radiation syndrome affects military personnel and civilians following the uncontrolled dispersal of radiation,such as that caused by detonation of nuclear devices and inappropriate medical treatments.Therefore,there is a growing need for medical interventions that facilitate the improved recovery of victims and patients.One promising approach may be cell therapy,which,when appropriately implemented,may facilitate recovery from whole body injuries.This editorial highlights the current knowledge regarding the use of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of acute radiation syndrome,the benefits and limitations of which are under investigation.Establishing successful therapies for acute radiation syndrome may require using such a therapeutic approach in addition to conventional approaches.展开更多
Accidental radiation exposure and the threat of deliberate radiation exposure have been in the news and are a public health concern. Experience with acute radiation sickness has been gathered from atomic blast survivo...Accidental radiation exposure and the threat of deliberate radiation exposure have been in the news and are a public health concern. Experience with acute radiation sickness has been gathered from atomic blast survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and from civilian nuclear accidents as well as experience gained during the development of radiation therapy for cancer. This paper reviews the medical treatment reports relevant to acute radiation sickness among the survivors of atomic weapons at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, among the victims of Chernobyl, and the two cases described so far from the Fukushima Dai-Ichi disaster. The data supporting the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the new efforts to expand stem cell populations ex vivo for infusion to treat bone marrow failure are reviewed. Hematopoietic stem cells derived from bone marrow or blood have a broad ability to repair and replace radiation induced damaged blood and immune cell production and may promote blood vessel formation and tissue repair. Additionally, a constituent of bone marrow-derived, adult pluripotent stem cells, very small embryonic like stem cells, are highly resistant to ioniz-ing radiation and appear capable of regenerating radiation damaged tissue including skin, gut and lung.展开更多
基金supported by the in-house Laboratory Independent Research (ILIR) program of the U.S. Army
文摘After a radiological or nuclear event, acute radiation syndrome(ARS) will present complex medical challenges that could involve the treatment of hundreds to thousands of patients. Current medical doctrine is based on limited clinical data and remains inadequate. Efforts to develop medical innovations that address ARS complications are unlikely to be generated by the industry because of market uncertainties specific to this type of injury. A prospective strategy could be the integration of cellular therapy to meet the medical demands of ARS. The most clinically advanced cellular therapy to date is the administration of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Results of currently published investigations describing MSC safety and efficacy in a variety of injury and disease models demonstrate the unique qualities of this reparative cell population in adapting to the specific requirements of the damaged tissue in which the cells integrate. This report puts forward a rationale for the further evaluation of MSC therapy to address the current unmet medical needs of ARS. We propose that the exploration of this novel therapy for the treatment of the multivariate complications of ARS could be of invaluable benefit to military medicine.
文摘Acute radiation syndrome affects military personnel and civilians following the uncontrolled dispersal of radiation,such as that caused by detonation of nuclear devices and inappropriate medical treatments.Therefore,there is a growing need for medical interventions that facilitate the improved recovery of victims and patients.One promising approach may be cell therapy,which,when appropriately implemented,may facilitate recovery from whole body injuries.This editorial highlights the current knowledge regarding the use of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of acute radiation syndrome,the benefits and limitations of which are under investigation.Establishing successful therapies for acute radiation syndrome may require using such a therapeutic approach in addition to conventional approaches.
文摘Accidental radiation exposure and the threat of deliberate radiation exposure have been in the news and are a public health concern. Experience with acute radiation sickness has been gathered from atomic blast survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and from civilian nuclear accidents as well as experience gained during the development of radiation therapy for cancer. This paper reviews the medical treatment reports relevant to acute radiation sickness among the survivors of atomic weapons at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, among the victims of Chernobyl, and the two cases described so far from the Fukushima Dai-Ichi disaster. The data supporting the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the new efforts to expand stem cell populations ex vivo for infusion to treat bone marrow failure are reviewed. Hematopoietic stem cells derived from bone marrow or blood have a broad ability to repair and replace radiation induced damaged blood and immune cell production and may promote blood vessel formation and tissue repair. Additionally, a constituent of bone marrow-derived, adult pluripotent stem cells, very small embryonic like stem cells, are highly resistant to ioniz-ing radiation and appear capable of regenerating radiation damaged tissue including skin, gut and lung.
