A Comparative Study of Risk Factors and Prognosis in Young and Elderly Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objective:To investigate the differences in risk factors and prognosis between young and elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)so as to provide a basis for the prevention of young patients with acute STEMI.Methods:Patients initially diagnosed with STEMI in the 920"Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from January 1,2018 to December 31,2022 were retrospectively enrolled in this study.A total of 235 STEMI patients aged≤45 years old and 532 STEMI patients aged≥65 years old were screened.The baseline characteristics,laboratory indicators,clinical characteristics,coronary angiography,SYNTAX score and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)during 1-year follow-up were analyzed and compared.Results:A total of 767 STEMI patients were enrolled,including 235 in the young group and 532 in the elderly group.Among the STEM patients in the young group,224 cases were male,and smoking and drinking were common.Compared with the elderly group,the young group had shorter hospital stays and more family history of ischemic heart disease(IHD).The level of low-density lipoprotein in the young group was higher than that in the old group,while the level of high-density lipoprotein in the young group was lower than that in the old group.The level of high uric acid and homocysteine in the young group was significantly higher than that in the old group.The main cause of STEMI in the young group was fatigue,and the most common symptom was angina pectoris.Coronary angiography showed that single vessel disease was more common in the young group than in the elderly group,and the lesion in the young group was the left anterior descending artery.The SYNTAX score was significantly lower in the young group than in the elderly group according to the anatomical characteristics of coronary artery disease.In the forest plot,diabetes mellitus and a family history of IHD showed a trend of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in both groups.Conclusion:Males,smokers,alcohol drinkers and family history of ischemic heart disease are more common in young patients.Common risk factors include fatigue,hyperuricemia,hyperlipidemia and so on.In addition,age itself is an independent risk factor.Management of diabetes,hyperuricemia,and homocysteine levels is essential to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in young patients.By controlling these factors,the incidence of young patients with acute STEMI can be effectively prevented and the corresponding prevention and treatment basis can be provided.

One Case of Primary Thrombocythemia with Concealed Hypokalemia Complicated by Acute Myocardial Infarction

Medical history summary: Male, 47 years old, was admitted to the hospital due to “dizziness accompanied by chest tightness and pain for more than 8 days”. One week ago, the patient experienced chest tightness, chest pain accompanied by profuse sweating for 3 hours and underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a local hospital. The procedure revealed left main stem occlusion with subsequent left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After the procedure, the patient experienced hemodynamic instability, recurrent ventricular fibrillation, and critical condition, thus transferred to our hospital for further treatment. Symptoms and signs: The patient is in a comatose state, unresponsive to stimuli, with bilateral dilated pupils measuring 2.0 mm, exhibiting reduced sensitivity to light reflex, and recurrent fever. Coarse breath sounds can be heard in both lungs, with audible moist rales. Irregular breathing pattern is observed, and heart sounds vary in intensity. No pathological murmurs are auscultated in any valve auscultation area. Diagnostic methods: Coronary angiography results at the local hospital showed complete occlusion of the left main stem, and left main stem to left anterior descending artery percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed. However, the distal guidewire did not pass through. After admission, blood tests showed a Troponin T level of 1.44 ng/ml and a Myoglobin level of 312 ng/ml. The platelet count was 1390 × 109/L. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity was measured at 201.9%. Bone marrow aspiration biopsy showed active bone marrow proliferation and platelet clustering. The peripheral blood smear also showed platelet clustering. JAK-2 gene testing was positive, confirming the diagnosis of primary thrombocytosis. Treatment methods: The patient is assisted with mechanical ventilation and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation to improve coronary blood flow. Electrolyte levels are closely monitored, especially maintaining plasma potassium levels between 4.0 and 4.5 mmol/l. Hydroxyurea 500 mg is administered for platelet reduction. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are used rationally to prevent further infarction or bleeding. Antiarrhythmic, lipid-lowering, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and heart failure treatment are also provided. Clinical outcome: The family members chose to withdraw treatment and signed for discharge due to a combination of reasons, including economic constraints and uncertainty about the prognosis due to the long disease course. Acute myocardial infarction has gradually become one of the leading causes of death in our country. As a “green channel” disease, corresponding diagnostic and treatment protocols have been established in China, and significant progress has been made in emergency care. There are strict regulations for the time taken from the catheterization lab to the cardiac intensive care unit, and standardized treatments are provided to patients once they enter the intensive care unit. Research results show that the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with primary thrombocythemia within 10 years is 9.4%. This type of disease is rare and difficult to cure, posing significant challenges to medical and nursing professionals. In order to benefit future patients, we have documented individual cases of treatment and nursing care for these patients. The research results show that these patients exhibit resistance to traditional oral anticoagulant drugs and require alternative anticoagulants. Additionally, there are significant differences in serum and plasma potassium levels among patients. Therefore, when making clinical diagnoses, it is necessary to carefully distinguish between the two. Particularly, nursing personnel should possess dialectical thinking when supplementing potassium levels in patients in order to reduce the incidence of malignant arrhythmias and mortality rates.

Stenting versus non-stenting treatment of intermediate stenosis culprit lesion in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction： a multicenter random- ized clinical trial

Background The benefit/risk ratio of stenting in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI） patients with single vessel intermediate stenosis culprit lesions merits further study, therefore the subject of the present study. Methods and results It was a pro- spective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Between April 2012 and July 2015, 399 acute STEMI patients with single vessel disease and intermediate （40%-70%） stenosis of the culprit lesion before or after aspiration thrombectomy and/or intracoronary tirofiban （15 pg/kg） were enrolled and were randomly assigned （h 1） to stenting group （n = 201） and non-stenting group （n = 198）. In stenting group, patients received pharmacologic therapy plus standard percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） with stent implantation. In non-stenting group, pa- tients received pharmacologic therapy and PCI （thrombectomy）, but without dilatation or stenting. Primary endpoint was 12-month rate of major adverse cardiac and eerebrovascular events （MACCE）, a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction （M1）, repeat re- vascularization and stroke. Secondary endpoints were 12-month rates of all cause death, ischemia driven admission and bleeding complica- tion. Median follow-up time was 12.4 ~ 3.1 months. At 12 months, MACCE occurred in 8.0% of the patients in stenting group, as compared with 15.2% in the non-stenting group （adjusted HR： 0.42, 95% Ch 0.19-0.89, P = 0.02）. The stenting group had lower non-fatal MI rate than non-stenting group, （1.5% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.03）. The two groups shared similar cardiac death, repeat revascularization, stroke, all cause death, ischemia driven readmission and bleeding rates at 12 months. Conclusions Stent implantation had better efficacy and safety in reducing MACCE risks among acute STEMI patients with single vessel intermediate stenosis culprit lesions.

WeChat Group of Chest Pain Center for Patients with Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction:Faster Treatment Speed and Better Prognosis

Objective:To explore the effect of establishing a WeChat platform for a chest pain center as a medium to increase the treatment speed and improve the prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI).Methods:The chest pain center,established by the creation of a WeChat group,included primary hospitals in Chongqing that are not able to perform PPCI and the First Affi liated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,which is the core of the center and which includes medical staff of the catheter laboratory,the cardiology department,the emergency,the vascular surgery department,and the cardiothoracic surgery department.Patients with acute STEMI who underwent PPCI from January 2017 to November 2018 in the First Affi liated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled.The patients(including emergency department visitors,120 callers,and patients transferred from the critical care unit or other departments)were divided into a WeChat pre-admission startup group(n=311)and a non-WeChat pre-admission startup group(control group,n=172).Patients’door-to-balloon time,standard door-toballoon time achievement rate,artery puncture to balloon dilation time,heart failure rate,length of stay,and incidence of adverse events(including fatal arrhythmia,cardiogenic shock,and death)during hospitalization were compared between the two groups.Results:Four hundred eight-three consecutive patients were enrolled.There was no signifi cant difference in patients’sex,age,length of stay,and cardiovascular events during hospitalization between the two groups(P>0.05).The door-to-balloon time of the patients in the WeChat pre-admission startup group was much shorter than that of patients in the non-WeChat pre-admission startup group(27.35±10.58 min vs.88.15±53.79 min,P<0.05).The standard door-to-balloon time achievement rate was signifi cantly higher in the WeChat pre-admission startup group than in the non-WeChat pre-admission startup group(100%vs.72.09%,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of a WeChat platform signifi cantly shortened the door-to-balloon time of patients receiving PPCI and increased the standard door-to-balloon time achievement rate for patients with STEMI.In addition,the platform is also conducive to integrating medical resources and sharing medical information.The establishment of the platform increased the treatment speed and improved the prognosis of patients with STEMI.

Clinical study on the effect of Tongxinluo combined with trimetazidine on cardiac function in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of Tongxinluo combined with trimetazidine on cardiac function in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention.Method: From March 2014 to September 2016, we selected 190 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with percutaneous coronary intervention, according to the admission time is divided into observation group and control group, the control group was treated with conventional therapy (aspirin, isosorbide dinitrate, metoprolol tartrate, clopidogrel sulfate, captopril, atorvastatin calcium and diuretics) and trimetazidine, observation group in the control group based on Tongxinluo combined treatment, each group of 95 cases, and hs-CRP, aldosterone, NT-proBNP, TNF-α, IL-6, and cardiac function (LVEDV,LVESV,LVEF,SV) were compared.Result: The Hs-CRP in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group;The aldosterone in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group;The levels of NT-proBNP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group;LVVEV and LVESV were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group, LVEF and SV were significantly higher than those in the control group.Conclusion:Tongxinluo combined with trimetazidine in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with clinical effect is better, stable plaque, effectively improve microcirculation and cardiac function, recommended a wide range of clinical application.

Successful emergency surgical intervention in acute non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction with rupture:A case report

BACKGROUND The incidence of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is rising,with cardiac rupture accounting for approximately 2%of deaths in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).Ventricular free wall rupture(FWR)occurs in approximately 2%of AMI patients and is notably rare in patients with non-STEMI.Types of cardiac rupture include left ventricular FWR,ventricular septal rupture,and papillary muscle rupture.The FWR usually leads to acute cardiac tamponade or electromechanical dissociation,where standard resuscitation efforts may not be effective.Ventricular septal rupture and papillary muscle rupture often result in refractory heart failure,with mortality rates over 50%,even with surgical or percutaneous repair options.CASE SUMMARY We present a rare case of an acute non-STEMI patient who suffered sudden FWR causing cardiac tamponade and loss of consciousness immediate before undergoing coronary angiography.Prompt resuscitation and emergency open-heart repair along with coronary artery bypass grafting resulted in successful patient recovery.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the risks of AMI complications,shares a successful treatment scenario,and discusses measures to prevent such complications.

The impact of different doses of atorvastatin on plasma endothelin and platelet function in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of atorvastatin on plasma endothelin and platelet function in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)patients after emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 120 patients with acute STEMI treated with emergency PCI were enrolled and randomly divided into 20 mg of atorvastatin treatment group(standard group,n=60),and 40 mg of atorvastatin treatment group(intensive group,n=60).

Trends of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in western rural China from 2001 to 2011—China PEACE retrospective acute myocardial infarction study

Objective To assess the trends in clinical characteristics and treatments for in-hospital patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEM)in western rural China from 2001 to 2011.Methods A two-stage random sampling procedure was used in our study.In 1st stage,stratified random sampling was applied to

Relationship between serum homocysteine levels and long-term outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background:The mortality of cardiovascular disease is constantly rising,and novel biomarkers help us predict residual risk.This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of serum homocysteine (HCY) levels on prognosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods:The 419 consecutive patients with STEMI,treated at one medical center,from March 2010 to December 2015 were retrospectively investigated.Peripheral blood samples were obtained within 24 h of admission and HCY concentrations were measured using an enzymatic cycling assay.The patients were divided into high HCY level (H-HCY) and low HCY level (L-HCY) groups.Short- and long-term outcomes were compared,as were age-based subgroups (patients aged 60 years and younger vs.those older than 60 years).Statistical analyses were mainly conducted by Student t-test,Chi-squared test,logistic regression,and Cox proportional-hazards regression.Results:The H-HCY group had more males (84.6% vs.75.4%,P=0.018),and a lower prevalence of diabetes (20.2% vs.35.5%,P<0.001),compared with the L-HCY group.During hospitalization,there were seven mortalities in the L-HCY group and 10 in the H-HCY group (3.3% vs.4.8%,P= 0.440).During the median follow-up period of 35.8 (26.9–46.1) months,33 (16.2%) patients in the L-HCY group and 48 (24.2%) in the H-HCY group experienced major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)(P=0.120).History of hypertension (hazard ratio [HR]:1.881,95% confidence interval [CI]:1.178–3.005,P=0.008) and higher Killip class (HR:1.923,95% CI:1.419–2.607,P<0.001),but not HCY levels (HR:1.007,95% CI:0.987–1.027,P=0.507),were significantly associated with long-term outcomes.However,the subgroup analysis indicated that in older patients,HCY levels were significantly associated with long-term outcomes (HR:1.036,95% CI:1.011–1.062,P=0.005).Conclusion:Serum HCY levels did not independently predict in-hospital or long-term outcomes in patients with STEMI;however,among elderly patients with STEMI,this study revealed a risk profile for late outcomes that incorporated HCY level.

Retrospective Analysis of Thrombolysis Therapy for 64 Cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction with Elevated ST Segment

Objective:To explore the cardiac protective effect of integrative therapy in acute myocardial infarction(AMI) with elevated ST segment after reperfusion.Methods:Sixty-four AMI patients who having received decimalization by thrombolysis were assigned to two groups by retrospective analysis,36 patients in the treated group and 28 in the control group.Both were treated by intravenous administering of urokinase for thrombolysis,and to the treated group,intravenous dripping of Xueshuantong Injection(血栓通注射液,XST) ...

Six-month angiographic and one-year clinical outcomes of polymer free paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction： a comparison with permanent polymer sirolimus-eluting stent

Background Since permanent polymer is implicated in adverse events associated with delayed vessel healing after drug eluting stents （DES） implantation, great efforts have been made to develop more biocompatible DES with biodegradable polymer or without polymer. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of polymer free paclitaxel-eluting stents （PF-PES） in comparison with permanent polymer sirolimus-eluting stents （PP-SES） in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. Methods Patients with STEMI were randomly assigned to receive PP-SES （n=55）, and PF-PES （n=50）. The 6-month angiographic and 1-year clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Target lesion failure （TLF） was defined as the composite of cardiac death, recurrent nonfatal myocardial infarction （Re-MI）, or target lesion revascularization （TLR）. Results Follow-up angiography at six months was performed in 72.7% of the PP-SES group and 70.0% of the PF-PES group （P=0.757）. The two groups had comparable angiographic outcomes including minimal luminal diameter, diameter stenosis, late loss and binary restenosis. All patients were clinically followed up to one year. The two groups had similar clinical outcomes with relatively low rates of target lesion failure （10.9% PP-SES vs. 12.0% PF-PES, P=0.861） and definite or probable stent thrombosis （1.8% PP-SES vs. 2.0% PF-PES, P=1.000） at one year. Conclusions The present study suggests that the safety and efficacy of PF-PES in the setting of STEMI are comparable to PP-SES. Further randomized trials with laraer study DODUlations are needed to net definite conclusions.

艾司洛尔对急性心肌梗死PCI患者炎性因子及血清miR-29a、GDF-15的影响

目的 探究艾司洛尔对急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术患者的治疗效果,以及对患者炎性因子及血清微小核糖核酸-29a(miR-29a)、生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)的影响。方法 前瞻性选取2021年4月至2023年6月于新乡市中心医院行PCI术治疗的120例急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者。按照随机数字表法分为艾司洛尔组和对照组,每组60例。对照组予以常规治疗,艾司洛尔组在常规治疗基础上予以艾司洛尔注射液治疗24 h,比较两组安全性、心功能指标、炎性因子水平、心肌酶学、miR-29a、GDF-15的差异。结果 两组在症状性低血压、症状性心动过缓以及恶性心律失常发生率方面比较差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗1周后左心室射血分数与治疗前比较升高,左心室收缩末期容积指数、左心室舒张末期内径和BNP与治疗前比较降低(P<0.05);且艾司洛尔组治疗1周后左心室射血分数、左心室收缩末期容积指数、左心室舒张末期内径和BNP的变化优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗1周后CRP、髓过氧化物酶、IL-6、CK-MB、cTnI与治疗前比较均降低(P<0.05);且艾司洛尔组治疗1周后CRP、髓过氧化物酶、IL-6、cTnI的变化均优于对照组(P<0.05)。重复测量分析结果显示,两组治疗3 d、1周miR-29a、GDF-15与治疗前相比均降低(P<0.05),且治疗1周miR-29a、GDF-15低于治疗3 d(P<0.05)。艾司洛尔组治疗3 d、治疗1周miR-29a、GDF-15优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 艾司洛尔应用于行PCI术的急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者可有效改善心功能,降低炎性因子水平,减少心肌损伤,并降低血清miR-29a、GDF-15水平,同时安全性较好。

沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效

目的探究沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI术后患者的临床疗效。方法选取2022年3月—2023年3月齐齐哈尔市第一医院心内科收治急性前壁STEMI行急诊PCI治疗的患者80例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组40例和观察组40例,对照组以常规药物和依那普利治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠治疗。治疗1个月后比较2组患者临床疗效,治疗前后血清学指标、左心室功能以及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率、治疗期间的不良反应。结果观察组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(97.50%vs.77.50%,χ^(2)/P=7.314/0.007);与治疗前比较,2组治疗后的N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)均下降,左心室射血分数(LVEF)均升高,且观察组各指标降低/升高幅度大于对照组(t/P=5.507/<0.001、11.006/<0.001、5.287/<0.001、4.297/<0.001、6.647/<0.001、2.330/0.022);观察组的MACE发生率低于对照组(5.00%vs.20.00%,χ^(2)/P=4.114/0.043);2组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死行急诊PCI术后的患者疗效显著,患者的心功能有所改善,MACE发生率降低,且相对安全。

胸前导联QRS波群特征与经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后的相关性研究

目的探讨影响经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者预后的胸前导联QRS波群危险特征,并建立基于胸前导联QRS波群特征的风险评分模型。方法选取2016年1月至2019年6月在中国中医科学院望京医院经PCI治疗的急性前壁STEMI患者273例,以术后随访期间发生主要心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiac event,MACE)为终点事件,根据患者出院时心电图胸前导联QRS波群特征,经Cox分析判断影响患者预后的胸前导联QRS波群危险特征,并据此建立基于心电图胸前导联QRS波群特征的风险评分模型。结果273例患者中MACE发生率为20.15%(55例),平均随访时间为(24.25±3.91)个月。Cox回归分析显示,QRS波群时限(HR=1.043,95%CI 1.025~1.061,P<0.001)、存在Q波(HR=2.078,95%CI 1.148~3.762,P=0.016)、存在碎裂QRS波群(HR=1.955,95%CI 1.121~3.409,P=0.018)、累计胸前导联个数≥3(HR=2.728,95%CI 1.409~5.282,P=0.003)、胸前导联累积R波幅度总和(HR=0.973,95%CI 0.955~0.992,P=0.005)、胸前导联R波振幅总和/(S波+Q波)振幅总和比值[R/(Q+S)](HR=0.291,95%CI 0.118~0.715,P=0.007)为预测本研究定义的MACE发生的胸前导联QRS波群危险特征。基于胸前导联QRS波群危险特征建立的风险评分模型预测MACE具有良好的准确性且AUC为0.722。结论基于心电图胸前导联QRS波群特征的风险评分预测模型在PCI治疗急性前壁STEMI患者中对预后判断具有一定的临床价值。

急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血清胸腺肽α1与心功能相关性研究

目的 探讨急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后住院期间血清胸腺肽(Tα1)水平与左心室射血分数(LVEF)的相关性。方法 纳入2019年12月至2022年2月在上海市第六人民医院诊治的急性前壁STEMI患者74例(急性前壁STEMI组),无心肌梗死患者38例(对照组)。根据PCI开通前降支后住院期间LVEF值,将急性前壁STEMI患者分为LVEF<50%组(33例)和LVEF≥50%组(41例)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定患者血清Tα1水平并进行组间比较。采用logistic回归分析Tα1水平与LVEF相关性。绘制急性前壁STEMI患者PCI后Tα1水平对心功能预测价值的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)。结果 急性前壁STEMI LVEF≥50%组患者血清Tα1水平显著高于LVEF<50%组(P=0.032)。PCI后住院期间血清Tα1与LVEF呈正相关。logistic回归分析表明,Tα1水平是PCI后急性前壁STEMI患者LVEF<50%的独立预测因素。血清Tα1水平预测急性前壁STEMI患者住院期间LVEF≥50%ROC曲线下面积为0.644(P=0.034);联合肌钙蛋白Ⅰ峰值、NT-proBNP峰值预测急性前壁STEMI患者住院期间LVEF<50%ROC曲线下面积分别为0.780(P<0.01)、0.702(P=0.003)。以急性前壁STEMI患者血清Tα1水平中位数为界,PCI后血清Tα1水平>2 890 ng/L患者LVEF≥50%比例较高。结论 急性前壁STEMI患者血清Tα1水平与PCI后住院期间LVEF值密切相关,是急性前壁STEMI患者PCI后心功能改善的独立预测因素,有望成为开通罪犯血管后预测急性前壁STEMI心功能改善的新指标。

前壁STEMI直接PCI后伴心力衰竭的药物治疗疗效对比研究

目的探究前壁急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后伴心力衰竭的药物治疗疗效对比。方法选取云浮市人民医院心血管内科2021年7月—2023年6月期间住院的90例前壁STEMI直接PCI后伴心力衰竭患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为A、B、C三组,各30例。A组采用呋塞米+硝酸甘油治疗,B组采用呋塞米+硝酸甘油+新活素治疗,C组采用呋塞米+硝酸甘油+多巴胺治疗。对比三组治疗后的临床疗效、心功能[左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、氨基末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-ProBNP)]及临床指标。结果①三组治疗总有效率相比(P<0.05);其中B、C两组治疗总有效率均明显高于A组(P<0.05);②治疗3 d后,三组LVEF水平均升高(P>0.05),NT-ProBNP、LVESD、LVEDD水平均降低,且B、C两组较A组NT-ProBNP、LVESD、LVEDD水平较低(P<0.05);③三组患者住院时间、再次入院率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中B、C两组住院时间、再次入院率低于A组(P<0.05)。结论呋塞米+硝酸甘油联合新活素或多巴胺治疗前壁STEMI直接PCI后伴心力衰竭患者疗效更加显著,能够改善患者心功能,缩短住院时间,降低再次入院率,值得临床推广。

不同治疗时间窗对急性前壁心肌梗死患者行急诊冠脉介入治疗的效果

目的探讨不同治疗时间窗急性前壁心肌梗死急诊冠脉介入治疗对其效果的影响。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月江南大学附属医院行急诊冠脉介入治疗的140例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,其中70例患者发病后至急诊冠脉介入治疗时间<3 h作为<3 h组,70例患者发病后至急诊冠脉介入治疗时间为3~8 h作为3~8 h组。术后,复查冠脉造影观察病变血管狭窄程度改善情况,评估治疗效果。结果<3 h组总有效率(98.57%,69/70)高于3~8 h组(84.29%,59/70)(P<0.05)。<3 h组治疗后心肌损害指标低于3~8 h组(P<0.05)。<3 h组治疗后左心室收缩末期内径、左心室舒张末期内径、左心房内径少于3~8 h组(P<0.05),左心室射血分数(52.36±4.24)%、二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度峰值/舒张晚期血流速度峰值(early diastolic peak blood flow velocity of mitral valve opening/late diastolic peak blood flow velocity,E/A)(1.33±0.18)高于3~8 h组[(47.13±5.16)%、(1.29±0.20)](P<0.05)。随访6个月,2组均未见病死者;<3 h组心绞痛、心律失常、心源性休克等不良心血管事件发生次数均低于3~8 h组(P<0.05)。结论急性前壁心肌梗死发病早期尽早实施冠脉介入治疗,可改善患者预后,临床效果更佳。

Effect of Guanxin-V Mixture Combined with Sacubitril Valsartan on Cardiac Function after PCI in STEMI Patients

[Objectives]To observe the effect of Guanxin-V Mixture combined with Sacubitril Valsartan on cardiac function in patients after PCI for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STE-MI).[Methods]41 cases of STEMI patients(qi and yin deficiency and blood stasis and obstruction)hospitalized in Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to June 2021 were randomly divided into 21 cases in the treatment group and 20 cases in the control group,and the two groups were given standardized Western medicine treatment as soon as possible after PCI.The control group was treated with Sacubitril Valsartan,and the treatment group was treated with Guanxin-V Mixture on the basis of treatment in the control group.The patients in the two groups were treated for 3 months,and the TCM syndrome score,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide(NT-proBNP),interleukin-6(IL-6),and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)levels,and the incidence of heart failure and adverse reactions in the two groups after treatment were recorded.[Results]After the treatment,the TCM syndrome score and serum NT-proBNP,IL-6 and hs-CRP levels of the two groups significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the LVEF of the two groups significantly increased(P<0.05),and the level of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Comparison of the incidence of heart failure and adverse reactions in the two groups showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).[Conclusions]Guanxin-V Mixture combined with Sacubitril Valsartan could significantly improve cardiac function in STEMI patients undergoing PCI,and its effect may be related to the suppression of inflammatory response.

Clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics of acute pulmonary embolism with ST elevation in the right precordial leads

Background ST-segment elevation （STE） in the right precordial leads is an ECG manifestation of acute pul- monary embolism （APE） and some patients present with concomitant STE in the inferior leads. This clinical enti- ty apparently deserves careful attention. Methods We included 42 APE patients presenting with i〉 0.1 mV STE in leads V1-V3/V4. Clinical and ECG characteristics in 15 patients with and 27 without STE in the inferior leads were included for comparison. Results Of the 42 patients, 98% were classified as high or intermediate risk patients, 79% showed ECG signs of right ventricular strain （RVS） and 83% showed the maximal amplitude of STE in leads V1-V2. The patients with STE in the inferior leads presented with faster heart rate （131±30 vs. 108_＋21 beats/min, P=0.015）, lower systolic blood pressure （107±22 vs. 123_＋26 mmHg, P=0.043）, higher incidence of ele- vated troponin （87% vs. 56%, P=0.040） and need to intensify therapy （73% vs. 33%, P=0.013）. Conclusions STE in the right precordial leads is an ECG manifestation of intermediate to high risk in APE patients. The ECG characteristics include the maximal amplitude of STE in leads V1-V2 and the RVS pattern. Simultaneous STE in the inferior and right precordial leads is associated with hemodynamic instability and need for intensified therapy.