Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension

Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease,the most common cerebrovascular disease.Howeve r,the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear.Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease.Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stro ke and dementia,and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke.Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease,which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis,white matter lesions,and intracerebral hemorrhage,ultimately res ulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the to rget organ of hypertension.This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertensioninduced cerebral small vessel disease and the res ulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability.We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.

Effects of Yinxingdamo Injection Combined with Oxiracetam Capsule on Cognitive Function and Neurological Deficit in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction

OBJETTIVE: To observe the effects of Yinxingdamo Injection combined with oxiracetam capsule on cognitive function and neurological deficit in patients with acute cerebral infarction. METHODS: A total of 76 patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 38 patients in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine and oxiracetam capsules while patients in the observation group were given Yinxingdamo injection intravenous drip treatment on the basis of the same treatment. After 4 weeks of treatment, the cognitive function of the two groups before and after treatment was observed [Simple Intelligence Scale(MMSE Score), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA Score)], Neurological Deficit [Chinese Stroke Scale(CSS Score), Daily Life Activity ability(ADL score)], free radical biochemical indicators [malondialdehyde(MDA), oxide dismutase(SOD)] changes, and statistical effects of two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 92.1%, which was significantly higher than 73.7% of the control group(P < 0.05). The MMSE score and MoCA score of the two groups were significantly increased after treatment(P < 0.05), and the MMSE score and MoCA score inobservation group were significantly increased after treatment than the control group(P < 0.05). The CSS scores of the two groups were significantly decreased after treatment(P < 0.05), and the ADL scores were significantly increased(P < 0.05). The improvement of CSS score and ADL score in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group(P < 0.05), and serum MDA levels were significantly decreased in both groups after treatment(P < 0.05), and SOD levels were significantly increased(P < 0.05), and the improvement of MDA and SOD levels in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group group(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Yinxingdamo injection combined with oxiracetam capsule can effectively inhibit the oxygen free radical reaction injury in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and significantly improve the symptoms of cognitive dysfunction and neurological deficit in patients. Its curative effect is exact and worthy of clinical application.

β2-Microglobulin exacerbates neuroinflammation,brain damage,and cognitive impairment after stroke in rats

β2-Microglobulin(β2M),a component of the major histocompatibility complex class I molecule,is associated with aging-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.Although upregulation ofβ2M is considered to be highly related to ischemic stroke,the specific role and underlying mechanistic action ofβ2M are poorly understood.In this study,we established a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.We found thatβ2M levels in the cerebral spinal fluid,serum,and brain tissue were significantly increased in the acute period but gradually decreased during the recovery period.RNA interference was used to inhibitβ2M expression in the acute period of cerebral stroke.Tissue staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and evaluation of cognitive function using the Morris water maze test demonstrated that decreasedβ2M expression in the ischemic penumbra reduced infarct volume and alleviated cognitive deficits,respectively.Notably,glial cell,caspase-1(p20),and Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation as well as production of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-αwere also effectively inhibited byβ2M silencing.These findings suggest thatβ2M participates in brain injury and cognitive impairment in a rat model of ischemic stroke through activation of neuroinflammation associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Effect of infarct location and volume on cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with acute insular cerebral infarction

BACKGROUND The aging of the population has become increasingly obvious in recent years,and the incidence of cerebral infarction has shown an increasing trend annually,with high death and disability rates.AIM To analyze the effects of infarct location and volume on cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with acute insular cerebral infarction.METHODS Between January 2020 and December 2023,we treated 98 cases of elderly acute insula,patients with cerebral infarction in the cerebral infarction acute phase(3-4 weeks)and for the course of 6 months in Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA)for screening of cognition.Notably,58 and 40 patients were placed in the cognitive impairment group and without-cognitive impairment group,respec-tively.In patients with cerebral infarction,magnetic resonance imaging was used to screen and clearly analyze the MoCA scores of two groups of patients with different infarctions,the relationship between the parts of the infarction volume,and analysis of acute insula cognitive disorder in elderly patients with cerebral RESULTS The number of patients with cognitive impairment in the basal ganglia and thalamus was significantly higher than that without cognitive impairment(P<0.05).The total infarct volume in the cognitive impairment group was higher than that in the non-cognitive impairment group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The infarct volumes at different sites in the cognitive impairment group was higher than in the non-cognitive impairment group(P<0.05).In the cognitive impairment group,the infarct volumes in the basal ganglia,thalamus,and mixed lesions were negatively correlated with the total MoCA score,with correlation coefficients of-0.67,-0.73,and-0.77,respectively.CONCLUSION In elderly patients with acute insular infarction,infarction in the basal ganglia,thalamus,and mixed lesions were more likely to lead to cognitive dysfunction than in other areas,and patients with large infarct volumes were more likely to develop cognitive dysfunction.The infarct volume in the basal ganglia,thalamus,and mixed lesions was significantly negatively correlated with the MoCA score.

Microbleeds in fronto-subcortical circuits are predictive of dementia conversion in patients with vascular cognitive impairment but no dementia

Cerebral small vessel disease（CSVD） is a common etiology of vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia（V-CIND）. Studies have revealed that cerebral microbleeds（CMBs）, a feature of CSVD, contribute to cognitive impairment. However, the association between CMBs and dementia conversion in individuals with V-CIND is still unclear. Here, we analyzed the predictive role of CMBs in the conversion from V-CIND to dementia in CSVD patients. We recruited and prospectively assessed 85 patients with CSVD and V-CIND. V-CIND was evaluated using a series of comprehensive neuropsychological scales, including the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Clinical Dementia Rating. MRI assessments were used to quantify lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, CMBs, and medial temporal lobe atrophy. Eighty-two of the 85 patients completed the assessment for dementia conversion at a 1-year follow-up assessment. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine independent clinical and MRI variables associated with dementia conversion. Twenty-four patients（29.3%） had converted to dementia at the 1-year follow-up, and these individuals had significantly more CMBs in the fronto-subcortical circuits. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the patients with CMBs in the fronto-subcortical circuits（odds ratio = 4.4; 95% confidence interval： 1.602-12.081, P = 0.004） and 5 or more CMBs overall（odds ratio = 17.6, 95% confidence interval： 3.23-95.84, P = 0.001） had a significantly increased risk of dementia at the 1-year follow-up. These findings indicate that CMBs in the fronto-subcortical circuits may be predictive of dementia conversion in CSVD patients with V-CIND, and thus extend the clinical significance of CMBs.

Offspring of rats with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia manifest cognitive dysfunction in learning and memory abilities

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a serious neurological disease,often resulting in long-term neurodevelopmental disorders among surviving children.However,whether these neurodevelopmental issues can be passed to offspring remains unclear.The right common carotid artery of 7-day-old parental-generation rats was subjected to permanent ligation using a vessel electrocoagulator.Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat models were established by subjecting the rats to 8%O2–92%N2 for 2 hours.The results showed that 24 hours after hypoxia and ischemia,pathological damage,cerebral atrophy,liquefaction,and impairment were found,and Zea-Longa scores were significantly increased.The parental-generation rats were propagated at 3 months old,and offspring were obtained.No changes in the overall brain structures of these offspring rats were identified by magnetic resonance imaging.However,the escape latency was longer and the number of platform crossings was reduced among these offspring compared with normal rats.These results indicated that the offspring of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model rats displayed cognitive impairments in learning and memory.This study was approved by the Animal Care&Welfare Committee of Kunming Medical University,China in 2018(approval No.kmmu2019072).

Changes of auditory evoked magnetic fields in patients after acute cerebral infarction using magnetoencephalography

Auditory evoked magnetic fields were recorded from 15 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 11 healthy volunteers using magnetoencephalography.The auditory stimuli of 2 kHz pure tone were binaurally presented with an interstimulus interval of 1 second.The intensity of stimuli was 90 dB and the stimulus duration was 8 ms.The results showed that the M100 was the prominent response, peaking approximately 100 ms after stimulus onset in all subjects.It originated from the area close to Heschl’s gyrus.In the patient group,the peak latency of M100 responses was significantly prolonged,and the mean strength of equivalent current dipole was significantly smaller in the affected hemisphere.The three-dimensional inter-hemispheric difference of the M100 positions was increased in the patient group.Our experimental findings suggested that impairment of cerebral function in patients with acute ischemic stroke can be detected using magnetoencephalography with the higher spatial resolution and temporal resolution.Magnetoencephalography could provide objective and sensitive indices to estimate auditory cortex function in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

Significance of neuroglobin in serum of acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction patients

This study sought to examine neuroglobin （NGB） in the serum of acute cerebral infarction patients with double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify all risk factors, calculate infarct size, assess neurological impairment, and analyze the relation between NGB and each of these factors. The double-antibody sandwich assay indicated that levels of NGB in serum were unaltered within 6 hours following acute cerebral infarction compared with normal levels. NGB levels then underwent a distinct change, peaking at 24 hours then returning to normal levels in 72 hours. The results suggest that the level of NGB might be related to infarct size and low-density lipoprotein at 24 hours after acute cerebral infarction. There were no significant differences in neurological impairment scores and infarct size at different periods following infarction. The findings indicated that the level of NGB in serum of acute cerebral infarction patients was correlated with infarct time.

Clinical Study of Endovascular Treatment of Severe Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis or Occlusion and Vascular Cognitive Impairment

It is very important to study the factors affecting the incidence,progress and prognosis of patients with vascular dementia.50 cases of severe middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion underwent endovascular treatment(25 cases of mild cognitive dysfunction,25 cases of moderate cognitive dysfunction)were divided into two groups,where a medical drug treatment group and a control group established with 25 cases in each group.The cognitive function of each group of patients was evaluated before operation,7 days after operation,30 days after operation,and 180 days after operation.CTP was used to compare the hemodynamic changes in patients before and after operation.The severe stenosis or occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in patients can be improved,and the intracranial blood supply of patients with poorly compensated medial cranial circulation and hypoperfusion can be restored to a certain extent.Meanwhile,improvement of cognitive function was definitive in some patients with cognitive dysfunction.To guide the formulation of treatment plans for patients with severe middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion.

醒脑开窍针刺法联合中药治疗脑梗死后轻度认知障碍的疗效观察

目的 观察醒脑开窍针刺法联合补肾益髓汤治疗脑梗死后轻度认知障碍的临床疗效。方法 将80例脑梗死后轻度认知障碍的患者随机分为研究组(40例)和对照组(40例)。两组均予基础治疗,研究组在基础治疗外另予醒脑开窍针刺法联合补肾益髓汤治疗。比较两组临床疗效,观察两组治疗前后简易精神状态检查表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA)和Rivermead行为记忆测验(Rivermead behavioural memory test,RBMT)的评分变化,观察两组治疗前后连线测验-B(trail making test-B,TMT-B)结果、血清淀粉样蛋白A(serum amyloid A,SAA)和β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β-protein,Aβ)水平以及脑微循环指标(颈总动脉的平均血流量、最大血流速度、最小血流速度、临界压力、脉搏速度、特性阻抗、外周阻力和动态阻力)的变化。结果 研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组MMSE、MoCA和RBMT评分均高于同组治疗前(P<0.05),且研究组上述评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组TMT-B结果以及SAA和Aβ水平均优于同组治疗前(P<0.05),且研究组上述指标优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组脑微循环指标均较治疗前改善(P<0.05),且研究组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 在基础治疗以上,采用醒脑开窍针刺法联合补肾益髓汤治疗脑梗死后轻度认知障碍可提高临床疗效,能进一步改善患者认知功能,并调节SAA和Aβ水平。

脑梗死患者认知障碍与脑白质病变相关性分析

目的探讨脑梗死(CI)患者认知障碍与脑白质病变(WML)的相关性,基于多因素logistic回归分析认知障碍并发WML的危险因素。方法选取2020年8月至2022年10月医院收治的134例CI患者为研究对象,依据是否发生认知障碍分为发生组(56例)、未发生组(78例)。比较两组一般资料,分析认知障碍与年龄相关性脑白质改变评分(ARWMC)相关性。发生组患者依据是否发生WML病变分为非病变者36例、病变者20例,并分析WML病变者、非病变者血清学指标[视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、半乳糖凝集素-3(Galectin-3)、白细胞介素-33(IL-33)]水平。多因素logistic回归分析认知障碍并发WML的危险因素。评价危险因素联合预测认知障碍并发WML的预测价值。结果CI患者认知障碍与入院时ARWMC评分存在线性关系(P=0.005),且认知障碍与入院时ARWMC评分呈正相关(r=0.485,P<0.001)。病变者年龄、入院时NIHSS评分、重度颈动脉狭窄占比、多梗死灶占比高于非病变者,血清RBP、Galectin-3、IL-33水平高于非病变者(P<0.05)。高龄、入院时NIHSS评分增加、颈动脉狭窄程度加重、多梗死灶及血清RBP、Galectin-3、IL-33水平升高均为认知障碍并发WML的危险因素(P<0.05)。危险因素联合预测认知障碍并发WML的曲线下面积大于血清RBP、Galectin-3、IL-33单独预测(P<0.05)。结论CI患者认知障碍与WML呈正相关,年龄增长、入院时NIHSS评分增加、颈动脉狭窄程度增加、多梗死灶及血清RBP、Galectin-3、IL-33水平升高是影响认知障碍并发WML的危险因素,基于危险因素建立logistic回归预测模型,该模型对认知障碍并发WML具有一定预测价值。

脑小血管病患者近期皮质下小梗死与认知功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨脑小血管病(CSVD)患者近期皮质下小梗死与认知功能的相关性。方法 回顾性连续纳入2018年2月―2022年9月就诊于北京大学第一医院神经内科经头部MRI诊断的CSVD患者,收集一般人口学资料和临床资料,使用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估认知功能,根据磁共振DWI分为近期皮质下小梗死(RSSI)组和非RSSI组,统计RSSI的部位和数目。比较两组患者的一般人口学资料、临床资料、认知功能,分析RSSI影像学特征与认知功能的关系。结果 共纳入CSVD患者181例,RSSI组91例,非RSSI组90例。RSSI组与非RSSI组相比,BMI高[(25.43±3.53)kg/m^(2) vs(24.27±3.33)kg/m^(2),t=2.228, P=0.027],收缩压高[(145.3±16.2)mmHg vs(139.6±20.2)mmHg,t=2.013,P=0.046],MoCA总分较低[22(18.8,26) vs 24(21,27),Z=-1.980,P=0.048],视空间与执行能力[3(2,4) vs 4(3,5),Z=-2.756,P=0.006]、语言[2(2,3) vs 2(1,2), Z=-2.020,P=0.043]、抽象[2(1,2) vs 2(1,2)分,Z=-2.052,P=0.04]得分均较低,差异均具有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。RSSI基底节梗死组与非RSSI组相比,MoCA总分较低[21(17,23) vs 24(21,27),Z=-2.018,P=0.044],视空间与执行[3(1.5,3.5) vs 4(3,5),Z=-2.601,P=0.009]得分较低,RSSI脑干梗死组与非RSSI组相比,视空间与执行[3(2,4) vs 4(3,5),Z=-2.325,P=0.020]、语言[2(1,2) vs 2(2,3),Z=-2.338,P=0.019]得分较低,差异具有显著性统计学意义。结论 CSVD患者中RSSI可导致认知功能障碍,与RSSI梗死部位相关,RSSI不同梗死部位导致不同的认知损害模式。预防RSSI发生,对于预防CSVD相关认知功能障碍具有重要意义。

γ-亚麻酸通过下调氧化应激反应抑制NLRP3介导的焦亡并改善脑梗塞小鼠认知障碍

目的:探究γ-亚麻酸(GLA)对脑梗塞小鼠认知障碍的影响及机制。方法:选取18只雄性小鼠,分为对照组6只、模型组6只和GLA组6只,对模型组以及GLA组以大脑中动脉闭塞术进行脑栓塞小鼠认知障碍模型制作,对照组进行假手术,即手术过程相同但不插入线栓。对照组和模型组每日以1mg/kg生理盐水灌胃,GLA组每日以1mg/kg GLA灌胃14d。以Morris水迷宫评估小鼠的认知障碍情况。处死小鼠并取小鼠大脑组织,以HE染色观察小鼠脑梗死面积,以TUNEL染色观察小鼠神经元凋亡情况,以Western Blot实验检测小鼠海马体中P22、P47、NLRP3、IL-1β、GSDMD以及Caspase-1蛋白表达水平。结果:模型组小鼠的逃逸潜伏期短于GLA组以及对照组,GLA组则短于对照组,模型组的穿越环次数最多,GLA组次之,对照组最少;模型组大脑梗死面积以及神经元凋亡数目最多,GLA组次之,对照组大脑无梗死且无神经元凋亡;模型组P22、P47、NLRP3、IL-1β、GSDMD以及Caspase-1蛋白表达高于GLA组和对照组,GLA组的蛋白表达水平则高于对照组。结论:GLA通过下调氧化应激反应抑制NLRP3介导的焦亡并改善脑梗塞导致的小鼠认知障碍。

常规MRI、DKI在脑梗死后认知障碍患者中的表现研究

目的分析常规磁共振成像(MRI)、扩散峰度成像(DKI)在脑梗死后认知障碍患者中的表现。方法回顾性分析2020年6月—2023年5月唐山市第三医院收治的98例脑梗死患者的临床资料,治疗出院后随访6个月,统计患者的认知情况,比较认知障碍组和认知正常组的基线资料及常规MRI、DKI参数,分析脑梗死后认知障碍的影响因素及常规MRI、DKI参数对脑梗死后认知障碍的预测效能。结果98例患者中34例出现认知障碍。认知障碍组患者年龄大于认知正常组,脑干梗死占比及额叶FA值低于认知正常组,额叶梗死占比及脑干平均峰度(MK)、脑干平均扩散率(MD)值高于认知正常组(P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄(1.105~1.396)、额叶梗死(1.050~14.406)、脑干MK(1.965~16.819)、脑干MD(10.355~88.636)、额叶部分各向异性(FA)(0.110~0.944)为脑梗死后认知障碍的影响因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作曲线(ROC)结果显示常规MRI、DKI参数联合预测脑梗死后认知障碍的曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.911,明显高于单一参数(P<0.05)。结论额叶梗死、额叶FA值下降、脑干MK及脑干MD值升高的患者更易发生脑梗死后认知障碍,可将常规MRI、DKI参数联合,以预测脑梗死后认知障碍,为脑梗死的诊疗提供参考。

脑梗死后遗症期视网膜中央动脉血流特征及其与血管性认知障碍的相关性

目的总结脑梗死后遗症期视网膜中央动脉(CRA)的血流特征,分析其与血管性认知障碍(VCI)的相关性。方法纳入脑梗死后遗症期患者95例为病例组,健康志愿者77例为对照组。应用平面波超敏感血流显像技术(Angio PLUS)检测两组CRA血流参数,包括收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)及搏动指数(PI),比较两组CRA各血流参数及临床资料的差异;采用二元Logistic回归分析脑梗死的独立危险因素。采用简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评估病例组患者认知功能并据此将发生VCI的患者分为轻度认知障碍(MCI)者和血管性痴呆(VaD)者。比较病例组中MCI者与VaD者、对照组中有无脑梗死因素者、病例组脑梗死患侧与健侧各CRA血流参数的差异;采用Spearman秩相关系数评价CRA血流参数与是否发生VCI、VCI程度的相关性。结果病例组与对照组糖尿病、高血压、体质量指数(BMI)异常占比比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,高血压、糖尿病、BMI异常均为脑梗死的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。Angio PLUS检查结果显示,病例组与对照组PSV、EDV、RI、PI比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);病例组中VaD者EDV较MCI者减小,RI、PI均较MCI者增大,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);对照组中有无脑梗死危险因素(高血压、糖尿病、BMI异常)者各CRA血流参数比较,差异均无统计学意义;病例组脑梗死患侧与健侧各CRA血流参数比较,差异均无统计学意义。相关性分析显示,PSV、EDV与是否发生VCI均呈负相关(r=-0.237、-0.477,均P<0.01),RI、PI与是否发生VCI均呈正相关(r=0.459、0.450,均P<0.01);EDV与VCI程度呈负相关(r=-0.240,P=0.020),RI、PI与VCI程度均呈正相关(r=0.213、0.209,均P<0.01)。结论脑梗死后遗症期患者的CRA血流有一定特征性表现,且其与VCI发生相关,有一定的临床价值。

多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的发生情况及影响因素分析

目的探讨多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的独立风险因素。方法采用回归分析研究多发腔隙性脑梗死患者的年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、民族、吸烟史、饮酒史、运动状况、饮食状况、家族痴呆史、家族高血压史、家族脑卒中史、家族糖尿病史、合并心脏病、合并高血压、合并高血脂、合并糖尿病、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分对多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的影响。结果450例患者中40例(8.89%)发生血管性认知障碍。年龄、婚姻状况、运动状况、家族痴呆史、家族脑卒中史、合并高血压、合并高血脂、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分是多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍发生的独立风险因素(P<0.05)。结论年龄、婚姻状况、运动状况、家族痴呆史、家族脑卒中史、合并高血压、合并高血脂、脑梗死位置和NIHSS评分对多发腔隙性脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的发生有显著影响,应在临床实践中加以重视,以制定有效的干预措施。

“智三针”联合高压氧对脑梗死后血管性认知障碍患者认知功能及日常生活活动能力的影响

目的探讨“智三针”联合高压氧治疗脑梗死后血管性认知障碍(VCI)的临床效果。方法选取2021年5月至2023年5月萍乡市人民医院收治的90例脑梗死后VCI患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为三组,每组各30例。三组均予以常规脑梗死治疗,对照1组予以“智三针”治疗,对照2组予以高压氧治疗,观察组予以“智三针”联合高压氧治疗,持续3个疗程。比较三组的临床疗效、认知功能、日常生活活动能力。结果观察组患者的总有效率高于对照1组、对照2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.017);观察组患者治疗后的简易精神量表(MMSE)评分、蒙特利尔认知功能量表(MoCA)评分[(28.41±1.23)、(28.74±1.32)分]高于对照2组[(24.36±1.58)、(25.02±1.29)分]和对照1组[(24.42±1.63)、(25.08±1.31)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗后的Barthel指数(BI)评分[(60.58±5.36)分]高于对照2组[(50.41±5.22)分]和对照1组[(50.57±5.25)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论“智三针”联合高压氧可提高脑梗死后VCI治疗效果,加快患者认知功能恢复,减轻氧化应激损伤及血管内皮障碍,改善日常生活活动能力。

急性脑梗死病人继发血管性认知功能障碍风险预测模型的构建及验证

目的:分析急性脑梗死病人继发血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)的相关因素,构建风险预测模型,并进行效果检验。方法:采用便利抽样法选取常熟市第一人民医院2021年1月—2023年1月急性脑梗死病人180例为调查对象,根据有无出现VCI分为VCI组和非VCI组。采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析筛选急性脑梗死病人继发血管性VCI的独立危险因素,并构建风险预测模型,验证模型预测效果。结果:180例急性脑梗死病人中继发VCI的有51例,发生率为28.33%;Logistic回归分析结果显示,糖尿病病史、脑白质疏松、颈动脉粥样硬化、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分越高、有抑郁、高血清同型半胱氨酸、高血小板与淋巴细胞比值为急性脑梗死病人继发VCI的独立危险因素(P<0.05);风险预测模型的Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果为:χ2=8.203,P=0.336;模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.794,95%CI(0.750,0.837),约登指数为0.690,最佳截断值0.122,敏感度为87.5%,特异性为89.3%;模型预测准确率为88.89%。结论:本研究在急性脑梗死病人继发VCI的危险因素基础上,建立的风险预测模型具有良好拟合程度和区分能力,且准确度较好,能为预测急性脑梗死病人继发VCI风险提供有效依据。

温针督脉联合感觉统合训练在脑梗死认知障碍患者中的临床研究

[目的]探讨温针督脉联合感觉统合训练在脑梗死认知障碍患者中的临床疗效。[方法]选取2022年1月—2023年1月南京中医药大学连云港附属医院脑梗死认知障碍患者98例,根据计算机随机数字法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各49例。对照组给予感觉统合训练,观察组给予温针督脉联合感觉统合训练。治疗3个月后评价疗效。治疗前、治疗3个月评估中医证候积分,采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)、Rivermead行为记忆测验第2版(RBMT-Ⅱ)评估认知功能,采用美国国立研究所卒中量表(NIHSS)评估神经功能缺损程度,检查脑血流量灌注参数脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)、达峰时间(TTP)、平均通过时间(MTT)和神经传导功能,统计两组治疗期间不良反应。[结果]观察组中医证候疗效总有效率为95.92%,高于对照组73.47%(P<0.05)。治疗3个月两组中医证候积分、NIHSS评分均降低,MoCA、RBMT-Ⅱ评分升高;组间比较,观察组中医证候积分、NIHSS评分低于对照组,MoCA、RBMT-Ⅱ评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗3个月两组CBV、CBF较治疗前增加,TTP、MTT较治疗前缩短(P<0.05);组间比较,观察组CBF大于对照组,TTP短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗3个月两组P300潜伏期、(δ+θ)/(α+β)比值小于治疗前,P300波幅大于治疗前;组间比较,观察组P300潜伏期、(δ+θ)/(α+β)比值小于对照组,P300波幅大于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]温针督脉联合感觉统合训练治疗脑梗死认知障碍效果显著,可有效减轻患者症状及认知功能障碍,降低神经功能缺损程度,改善脑血流量灌注,并有助于促进神经传导功能恢复。

CYP2C19基因多态性、miR-374b-5p与ACI患者神经功能缺损和近期预后的关系

目的探讨细胞色素P4502C19(CYP2C19)基因多态性、血清miR-374b-5p水平与急性脑梗死(ACI)患者神经功能缺损和近期预后的关系。方法选取2019年1月—2022年12月郑州市第七人民医院ACI患者164例,收集所有患者的一般资料,并检测CYP2C19基因型和血清miR-374b-5p相对表达量。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评估ACI患者神经功能缺损程度。根据治疗15 d后的NIHSS评分将ACI患者分为预后良好组和预后不良组。采用Spearman相关分析评估miR-374b-5p与入院时NIHSS评分的相关性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析评估ACI患者近期预后不良的危险因素。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估CYP2C19基因型和血清miR-374b-5p判断ACI患者近期预后的效能。结果164例ACI患者CYP2C19基因型中,GG型(野生纯合子)26例(15.86%)、GA型(突变杂合子)66例(40.24%)、AA型(突变纯合子)72例(43.90%)。A等位基因频率为64.02%,G等位基因频率为35.98%。基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律(χ^(2)=2.620,P=0.106)。GG基因型、GA基因型、AA基因型的ACI患者入院时NIHSS评分依次升高(P<0.001)。血清miR-374b-5p相对表达量与入院时NIHSS评分呈负相关(r_(s)=-0.510,P<0.001)。ACI患者预后不良发生率为19.51%(32/164)。预后不良组与预后良好组之间年龄、梗死体积、发病至就诊时间、白细胞(WBC)计数、CYP2C19基因型为AA型所占比例和血清miR-374b-5p相对表达量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。梗死体积、发病至就诊时间、WBC计数、CYP2C19基因型为AA型均是ACI患者预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05),miR-374b-5p相对表达量为保护因素(P=0.007)。AA基因型和血清miR-374b-5p单项检测和联合检测判断ACI患者预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.631、0.730、0.802。结论CYP2C19基因多态性、血清mi R-374b-5p相对表达量均与ACI患者神经功能缺损有关,或可作为ACI患者近期预后的评估指标。