Novel insights into autophagy in gastrointestinal pathologies,mechanisms in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and acute liver failure

In this editorial,we comment on three articles published in a recent issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology.There is a pressing need for new research on autophagy's role in gastrointestinal(GI)disorders,and also novel insights into some liver conditions,such as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and acute liver failure(ALF).Despite advancements,understanding autophagy's intricate mechanisms and implications in these diseases remains incomplete.Moreover,MAFLD's pathogenesis,encompassing hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysregulation,require further elucidation.Similarly,the mechanisms underlying ALF,a severe hepatic dysfunction,are poorly understood.Innovative studies exploring the interplay between autophagy and GI disorders,as well as defined mechanisms of MAFLD and ALF,are crucial for identifying therapeutic targets and enhancing diagnostic and treatment strategies to mitigate the global burden of these diseases.

Clinical characteristics of acute non-varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the effect of endoscopic hemostasis

BACKGROUND Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(ANVUGIB)constitutes a prevalent emergency within Gastroenterology,encompassing 80%-90%of all gastrointestinal hemorrhage incidents.This condition is distinguished by its abrupt onset,swift progression,and notably elevated mortality rate.AIM To gather clinical data from patients with ANVUGIB at our hospital in order to elucidate the clinical characteristics specific to our institution and analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of endoscopic hemostasis.METHODS We retrospectively retrieved the records of 532 patients diagnosed with ANVUGIB by endoscopy at our hospital between March 2021 and March 2023,utilizing our medical record system.Data pertaining to general patient information,etiological factors,disease outcomes,and other relevant variables were meticulously collected and analyzed.RESULTS Among the 532 patients diagnosed with ANVUGIB,the male-to-female ratio was 2.91:1,with a higher prevalence among males.Notably,43.6%of patients presented with black stool as their primary complaint,while 27.4%had hematemesis as their initial symptom.Upon admission,17%of patients exhibited both hematemesis and black stool,while most ANVUGIB patients primarily complained of overt gastrointestinal bleeding.Urgent routine blood examinations at admission revealed that 75.8%of patients had anemia,with 63.4%experiencing moderate to severe anemia,and 1.5%having extremely severe anemia(hemoglobin<30 g/L).With regard to etiology,53.2%of patients experienced bleeding without a definitive trigger,24.2%had a history of using gastric mucosa-irritating medications,24.2%developed bleeding after alcohol consumption,2.8%attributed it to improper diet,1.7%to emotional excitement,and 2.3%to fatigue preceding the bleeding episode.Drug-induced ANVUGIB was more prevalent in the elderly than middle-aged and young individuals,while bleeding due to alcohol consumption showed the opposite trend.Additionally,diet-related bleeding was more common among the young age group compared to the middle-aged group.Gastrointestinal endoscopy identified peptic ulcers as the most frequent cause of ANVUGIB(73.3%),followed by gastrointestinal malignancies(10.9%),acute gastric mucous lesions(9.8%),and androgenic upper gastrointestinal bleeding(1.5%)among inpatients with ANVUGIB.Of the 532 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding,68 underwent endoscopic hemostasis,resulting in an endoscopic treatment rate of 12.8%,with a high immediate hemostasis success rate of 94.1%.

Study on relationship between acute gastrointestinal disease and Helicobacter pylori infections

Objective: To assess the relation between acute gastrointestinal disease and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. Methods: Over the 18-month period, a total of 323 patients referred to three hospitals in Babol (north of Iran) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. H. pylori status (rapid urease test), endoscopic findings in the patients, personal habits (smoking or alcohol intake) and administration of drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were analyzed using standard Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: Results showed that acute gastric ulcer patients had a significant association with alcohol (P=0.001, OR=6.183), opium (P=0.022, OR=2.823), smoking (P=0.016, OR=2.579) and NSAIDs (P=0.046, OR=2.071). However, patients with in acute duodenal ulcer have a significant association with opium (P=0.023, OR=2.326) and alcohol (P=0.003, OR=3.888). As well as, gastric cancer had significant association with alcohol (P<0.05, OR=6.937), smoking (P=0.012, OR=2.738), family history (P=0.005, OR=4.380) and gender (P≤0.05, OR=5.103). Conclusions: Current investigation shows that H. pylori infection, alcoholism, male gender, age and family history have an additive impact on the incidence of gastric cancer. In addition, alcoholism, opium usage, NSAIDs and family history have more impact on the incidence of acute gastric ulcer and acute duodenal ulcer in patients.

Fulminant gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease concomitant with cytomegalovirus infection:Case report and literature review

Here,we report a case of fulminant gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease(GI-GVHD) with cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection in 44-year-old woman.Despite the difficulties associated with the treatment of GIGVHD and GI-CMV disease,the mucosal findings and the clinical course showed marked improvements during long-term clinical observation.The endoscopic findings were remarkable,with diffuse sloughing mucosa in the stomach and highly active inflammation and deep discrete ulcers throughout the colon.Changes in the CMV quantitative polymerase chain reaction results were correlated with the endoscopic mucosal findings and were useful for assessing the efficacy of the treatment.Although a definite diagnosis of GI-GVHD is generally made by endoscopy with biopsy,the gross appearance of this disease can vary depending on the endoscopy.In this paper,we also conduct a literature review of patients with GI-GVHD.

Prognostic significance of red blood cell distribution width in gastrointestinal disorders

The red blood cell distribution width(RDW) is a routinely measured and automatically reported blood parameter,which reflects the degree of anisocytosis. Recently,the baseline RDW was found to have clinical significance for assessing clinical outcome and severity of various pathological conditions including cardiovascular diseases,sepsis,cancers,leukemia,renal dysfunction and respiratory diseases. A myriad of factors,most of which ill-defined,have an impact on the red cell population dynamics(i.e.,production,maturation and turnover). A delay in the red blood cell clearance in pathological conditions represents one of the leading determinants of increased anisocytosis. Further study of RDW may reveal new insight into inflammation mechanisms. In this review,we specifically discuss the current literature about the association of RDW in various disease conditions involving the gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary systems. We also present some of the related measurements for their value in predicting clinical outcomes in such conditions. According to our data,RDW was found to be a valuable prognostic index in gastrointestinal disorders along with additional inflammatory biomarkers(i.e.,C reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,and platelet count) and current disease severity indices used in clinical practice.

Acute variceal bleeding:general management

TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR ACUTE VARICEAL BLEEDINGBackgoundAcute variceal bleeding has a significant mortality which ranges form 5% to 50% in patients with cirrhosis[1].Overall survival is probably improving,because of new therapeutic approaches,and improved medical care.However,mortality is still closely related to failure to control hacmorrhage or carly rebleeding,which is a distinct characteristic of portal hypertensive bleeding and occures in as many as 50% of patients in the first days to 6 weeks after admission et al[2].

Endoscopic clipping in the lower gastrointestinal tract

Endoscopic clipping has been established as a safe and effective method for the treatment of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in numerous randomized studies.Recently,clipping has been applied to various lesions in the lower gastrointestinal tract,including diverticular bleeding,postpolypectomy bleeding,and repair of perforations with successful outcomes.We review the safety and efficacy of this maneuver for the management of diseases in the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Acute GvHD and the cutaneous ultrastructural changes in mismatched bone marrow transplantation

Six patients treated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) suffered from grade I to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) after engrafting. Up to date, 4 patients with grade I to II GvHD have lived for over 2920, 910, 740 and 680 days, respectively. Two other patients died of grade IV hyperacute GvHD. The results seem to indicate that patients in mismatched BMT have a high incidence of aGvHD within a month. The severity of aGvHD is positively correlated with the degree of HLA mismatching. The higher the degree of mismatch of HLA, the earlier and the more severe the aGvHD occurrs. The cutaneous lesion of the patient with GvHD is severe and of ten complicated by mucositis. Lethal hyperacute GvHD must be considered when a patient shows following signs at beginning: (1) The symptoms appear early (within 2weeks) ;(2) peripheral white blood cell count does not recover (<0. 5×109/L) to normal; and (3) high fever persists. In the epidermal ultrastructure of patients, besides acantholysis, autophagic degeneration of keratinocytes,and satellite cell dyskeratosis, there were scattered necrotic keratinocytes, breaking and thickening of basal membrane and presence of a lot of pigment in the intercellular space. These imply that the ultrastructural damages in the skin of patients with aGvHD after mismatched transplantation are more severe than after matched ones.

Arsenic trioxide alleviates acute graft-versus-host disease by modulating macrophage polarization

This study aimed to explore macrophage polarization in acute graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and investigated if arsenic trioxide(ATO) could correct this imbalance. In the colon of GVHD mice, we found that the number of F4/80+iNOS+ cells as well as the expression intensity of TNF-α and IL-1β was greater in the GVHD group than in the BM group, whereas the number of F4/80+CD206+ cells and the expression intensity of IL-10 and TGF-β was greater in the BM group than in the GVHD group. We investigated the effect of ATO on GVHD mice, and found that ATO treatment clearly improved the survival of the mice and reduced the severity of GVHD. In addition, ATO reduced the number of F4/80+iNOS+ cells, and increased the number of F4/80+CD206+ cells in the colon of GVHD mice. Furthermore, ATO sharply decreased CD86 and CD80 expression, and increased CD163 and CD206 expression in macrophages induced from aGVHD patients. Therefore,ATO can modulate the M1 and M2 phenotype in GVHD mice or in macrophages from aGVHD patients. Our data suggest that macrophage polarization is involved in the pathogenesis of aGVHD, and ATO treatment modulates macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype.

3PR参与式健康教育在老年急性上消化道出血患者治疗中的应用价值

目的探究以参与式研究(participatory research,PR)为基础模块、参与式角色扮演(participatory role-playing,PR)为核心模块、参与式总结(participatory review,PR)为强化模块(简称3PR)的参与式健康教育在老年急性上消化道出血(acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding,AUGIB)患者的应用价值。方法选择2020年1月-2023年6月南京市第二医院急诊科收治的老年AUGIB患者80例,按随机数字表法分成观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。在病情稳定后,对照组采用常规健康教育,观察组采用3PR参与式健康教育。比较2组疾病认知、自我感知负担量表(SPBS)评分、Morisky用药依从性量表(MMAS-8)评分、遵医行为、生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)评分和再出血率差异。结果干预后,2组疾病认知、遵医行为、GQOLI-74量表各维度评分均高于同组干预前,SPBS量表各维度评分均低于同组干预前,且观察组改善程度大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组用药依从率高于对照组(P<0.05);随访3个月,观察组再出血率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论3PR参与式健康教育对老年AUGIB患者的干预效果显著,可有效提高疾病认知水平和用药依从性,减轻患者自我感知负担,改善遵医行为,提高生存质量,减少疾病复发。

Risk factors for chronic graft-versus-host disease after anti-thymocyte globulin-based haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia

Chronic graft-versus-host disease(cGVHD)is a major complication following unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(haplo-HSCT).We aimed to identify the risk factors for cGVHD in patients who underwent anti-thymocyte globulin-based haplo-HSCT for acute myeloid leukemia(n=280).The diagnosis of cGVHD was in accordance with the National Institutes of Health consensus criteria.A total of 169 patients suffered from cGVHD.The patients who had 3 loci mismatched had a higher 8-year incidence of cGVHD(total,66.0%vs.53.7%,P=0.031;moderate to severe,42.4%vs.30.1%,P=0.036)than the patients who had 1 to 2 loci mismatched.The patients who had maternal donors had a higher 8-year incidence of moderate to severe cGVHD(49.2%vs.32.9%,P=0.024)compared with the patients who had other donors.The patients who had grades III to IV acute GVHD(aGVHD)had higher 8-year incidence of cGVHD(total,88.0%vs.50.4%,P<0.001;moderate to severe,68.0%vs.27.0%,P<0.001)compared with the patients without aGVHD.In multivariate analysis,grades III to IV aGVHD was the only independent risk factor for cGVHD.Thus,further interventions should be considered in patients with severe aGVHD to prevent cGVHD.

异基因造血干细胞移植后发生胃肠道急性移植物抗宿主病的危险因素分析

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,allo-HSCT)后发生胃肠道急性移植物抗宿主病(gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease,GI-GVHD)的临床特征、相关危险因素和预后情况。方法回顾性分析2017年1月~2020年7月在徐州医科大学附属医院行allo-HSCT的201例患者的临床资料,根据GI-GVHD发生情况进行分组。单因素Logistic回归分析评价GI-GVHD发生的相关因素,多因素Logistic回归分析评价其发生的独立危险因素,进一步分析GI-GVHD对生存及预后的影响。结果接受allo-HSCT的201例患者中,36例(17.9%)发生GI-GVHD,发生中位时间为34(9~88)天,中位生存时间为228(21~1759)天,总体生存率为36.1%。随访中发生GI-GVHD患者的总生存期(overall survival,OS)较未发生者明显降低(36.1%vs 75.0%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。GI-GVHD患者以持续性恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻和消化系统出血等症状为主,常伴有皮肤、肝脏等靶器官的损害。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,供受者性别关系(P=0.012)、移植类型(P=0.054)、人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)位点不合程度(P=0.015)、预处理期间使用碳青霉烯类抗生素(P=0.029)、预处理期间使用碳青霉烯类超过7天(P=0.007)、早期血流感染(bloodstream infection,BSI,P=0.023)是GI-GVHD发生的影响因素。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性供男性(P=0.009,OR=8.866)、非亲缘不全相合移植(P=0.043,OR=16.532)、预处理期间使用碳青霉烯类超过7天(P=0.023,OR=0.079)、早期BSI(P=0.008,OR=0.165)是影响GI-GVHD发生的独立危险因素。受者年龄、疾病类型、有否基础疾病、移植物类型、移植时长、预处理方案中是否加用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(antithymocyte globulin,ATG)、GVHD预防方案、回输单个核细胞(mononuclear cell,MNC)及CD34+细胞数量、粒系和巨核系重建时间、发生其他类型的GVHD等均不是GI-GVHD发生的危险因素。生存分析结果显示,GI-GVHD组患者较非GI-GVHD组患者OS明显降低(36.1%vs 75.0%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.004)。结论女性供男性、非亲缘不全相合移植、预处理期间碳青霉烯类治疗超过7天和早期发生BSI可能是导致GI-GVHD发生的主要危险因素,移植后发生GI-GVHD的患者生存率会降低。

基于思维导图的团队式授权教育对急性上消化道出血行胃镜手术治疗患者疾病认知水平及心理状态的影响

目的研究基于思维导图的团队式授权教育对急性上消化道出血(AUGIB)行胃镜手术治疗患者疾病认知水平及心理状态的影响。方法选取2020年2月至2022年1月我院收治的80例AUGIB行胃镜手术治疗患者作为研究对象,按照不同就诊时间将其分为对照组与试验组,各40例。对照组接受常规护理干预,试验组在常规护理基础上接受基于思维导图的团队式授权教育干预。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,试验组的简易版疾病认知问卷(B-IPQ)、一般自我效能量表(GSES)评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,试验组的心理状态评定量表(MSSNS)各维度评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于思维导图的团队式授权教育可提高AUGIB行胃镜手术治疗患者的疾病认知水平及自我效能感,有效减轻焦虑、抑郁、孤独等负面情绪,改善其心理状态。

Effect and mechanism of acute graft versus host disease on early diffuse murine lung injury following allogeneic stem cell transplantation

To explore the effect and pathogenssis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) on early diffuse lung injury in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), we established an aGVHD model of C57BL/6→BALB/c mice. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans, histopathology and the levels of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and Interferon (IFNγ) in lungs were dynamically detected in recipient mice after transplantation. The incidence of aGVHD was respectively 0%, 0% and 100% in simple irradiation group (A), syngeneic transplant group(B) and allogeneic transplant group (C). Chest CT scans of recipient mice were normal in 3 groups on days +3 and +7 after transplantation. CT showed that two of ten mice had bilateral lung diffuse infiltrate on day +12 (on the brink of death) in group A and 6 of 10 mice had bilateral lung diffuse infiltrate on day +14 (3 d after aGVHD occurring) in group C, and were normal on days +12 and +14 in group B after transplantation. Histopathology of lungs in the 3 groups was similar, consisting of minor interstitial pneumonitis on day +3. Group A showed edema, hyperplasia of epithelial cells and widened alveolar interval on day +7, and epithelial cell necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration, hemorrhage, protein leakage, and local consolidation on day +12. The histopathology of group B showed slight edema of epithelial cells on +7 day, which were slighter than that on day +3, and virtually normal on day +14. The histopathology in group C was characterized by the significant expansion and congestion of capillaries, and lymphocyte infiltration on day +7, the acute pneumonitis was present involving tissue edema, lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration, protein leakage and perivascular inflammation on day +14. In group A, the levels of TNFα were lower on day +7 than on day +3. In group B, the levels of TNFα attained a peak on day +3, which decreased on days +7 and +14. In group C, the levels of TNFα were highest on day +7 and there was a significant difference between those on days +7 and +14 (P=0.816). In group A, the levels of IFNγ on day +7 were higher than on day +3. In group B, the levels of IFNγ increased progressively, but the comparison of IFNγ levels in different times had no statistical significance (P=0.521, 0.118, 0.340). In group C, the levels of IFNγ attained a peak by day +7 and decreased on day +14. aGVHD is the main cause of early non-infectious lung injury. T lymphocytes and TNFα are possibly implicated in the pathogenesis of acute GVHD-induced lung injury. The decreased levels of IFNγ in lung tissues following transplantation might be associated with pulmonary fibrosis in late non-infectious pulmonary complications.

Loss of Lkb1 impairs Treg function and stability to aggravate graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation

Accumulating evidence suggests that a reduction in the number of Foxp3^(+) regulatory T cells(Tregs)contributes to the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD),which is a major adverse complication that can occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).However,the precise features and mechanism underlying the defects in Tregs remain largely unknown.In this study,we demonstrated that Tregs were more dramatically decreased in bone marrow compared with those in peripheral blood from aGVHD patients and that bone marrow Treg defects were negatively associated with hematopoietic reconstitution.Tregs from aGVHD patients exhibited multiple defects,including the instability of Foxp3 expression,especially in response to IL-12,impaired suppressor function,decreased migratory capacity,and increased apoptosis.Transcriptional profiling revealed the downregulation of Lkb1,a previously identified critical regulator of murine Treg identity and metabolism,and murine Lkb1-regulated genes in Tregs from aGVHD patients.Foxp3 expression in human Tregs could be decreased and increased by the knockdown and overexpression of the Lkb1 gene,respectively.Furthermore,a loss-of-function assay in an aGVHD murine model confirmed that Lkb1 deficiency could impair Tregs and aggravate disease severity.These findings reveal that Lkb1 downregulation contributes to multiple defects in Tregs in human aGVHD and highlight the Lkb1-related pathways that could serve as therapeutic targets that may potentially be manipulated to mitigate aGVHD.

胃肠道超声在AECOPD患者胃肠道功能评估中的临床价值

目的探讨床旁胃肠道超声在评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者胃肠道功能中的临床价值。方法选择2019年6月至2021年12月在兰州市第一人民医院重症医学科及呼吸科住院的AECOPD患者128例,根据患者病情轻重程度分为轻-中组(不需要有创呼吸支持治疗,63例)和重度组(有创呼吸支持治疗,65例),并选择同期健康体检者54例作为对照(正常组)。比较这些患者一般资料、胃排空时间(gastric emptying time,GET)、胃窦收缩频率(anstral contraction frequency,ACF)、胃窦收缩幅度(anstral contraction amplitude,ACA)、胃窦运动指数(anstral motility index,MI)、小肠直径、结肠直径、肠蠕动、小肠黏膜厚度、结肠黏膜厚度。通过Logistic回归分析了解这些指标与AECOPD患者的胃肠道功能是否相关。用ROC曲线和约登指数来界定这些指标的诊断临界值,从而评估胃肠道超声在判断AECOPD患者胃肠功能障碍中的价值。结果三组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与健康体检者比较,AECOPD患者的GET明显延长,ACF明显降低,ACA明显减少、MI明显降低,小肠直径、结肠直径明显增宽,肠蠕动明显减慢,小肠黏膜厚度、结肠黏膜厚度明显变薄(均P<0.01)。与正常组和轻-中组比较,重度组患者GET明显延长,ACF明显减慢,ACA明显减少,MI明显降低,小肠直径、结肠直径明显增宽,肠蠕动明显减慢,小肠黏膜厚度、结肠黏膜厚度明显变薄(均P<0.01)。这些指标亦与AECOPD程度有关(均P<0.01)。经过Logistic回归分析发现:GET、ACF、ACA、MI、小肠直径、结肠直径、肠蠕动与AECOPD患者的胃肠功能有明显的相关性;对与AECOPD患者胃肠道功能相关的指标进行ROC曲线分析,它们的ROC曲线下面积均大于0.5(P<0.05)。用这些指标综合评价患者胃肠道功能具有良好的诊断价值,有较高灵敏度及特异度。结论胃肠道超声可以用来评估AECOPD患者的胃肠动力功能。胃肠道超声测量GET、ACF、ACA、MI、小肠直径、结肠直径、肠蠕动能更早发现AECOPD患者胃肠功能障碍情况。

补肺健脾汤联合西药治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期胃肠功能障碍的临床分析

目的研究补肺健脾汤联合西药治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)胃肠功能障碍的临床效果。方法随机选取2019年2月—2020年2月在汕尾市第二人民医院治疗的60例AECOPD胃肠功能障碍患者为研究对象,按治疗方式的不同分为两组,每组30例。西药组给予常规西药治疗,联合组在西药治疗基础上加入补肺健脾汤治疗。比较两组治疗前、治疗1个月后的血沉、白细胞、PaCO_(2)、PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)水平,中医症候积分、慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我评估测试(CAT)评分。结果治疗前,两组血沉水平、白细胞水平、PaCO_(2)、PaO_(2)、SaO_(2)、中医症候积分和CAT评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,联合组的血沉水平(20.54±2.85)mm/h、白细胞(11.24±2.63)×10^(9)/L、PaCO_(2)水平(37.51±3.02)mmHg、中医症候积分(3.25±0.62)分、CAT评分(14.51±2.00)分均低于西药组,PaO_(2)(83.69±3.20)mmHg、SaO_(2)(95.62±1.00)%均高于西药组,差异有统计学意义(t=11.045、15.518、6.324、10.260、7.841、5.687、4.881,P<0.05)。结论补肺健脾汤联合西药治疗AECOPD胃肠功能障碍,可明显改善患者纳呆、腹胀等临床症状,降低炎性反应,改善血气分析指标,缓解慢性阻塞性肺疾病,治疗效果显著。

柴芩麻膏汤内服联合保留灌肠治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期机械通气伴胃肠功能障碍患者的效果

目的 探讨柴芩麻膏汤内服联合保留灌肠治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)机械通气伴胃肠功能障碍患者的临床效果。方法 选取2019年12月至2022年6月医院收治的86例AECOPD行机械通气伴胃肠功能障碍患者作为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为对照组与试验组,各43例。对照组采用常规治疗方法,试验组在对照组基础上采用柴芩麻膏汤内服联合保留灌肠治疗,比较两组的治疗效果。结果 两组治疗前胃肠功能评分和APACHE Ⅱ评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后两组评分均降低,且试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 柴芩麻膏汤内服联合保留灌肠治疗AECOPD机械通气伴胃肠功能障碍患者,可改善患者胃肠功能,缓解临床症状,提高临床疗效。

骨科手术后肺栓塞死亡的危险因素研究

目的:分析骨科手术后急性肺栓塞临床特征并探讨其死亡预测因素。方法:收集1997年5月至2010年5月北京积水潭医院骨折、关节置换、脊椎疾病、骨肿瘤手术后确诊的肺栓塞(pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE)患者134例,按住院期间是否死亡分为死亡组(n=28)和存活组(n=106)。分别分析其临床症状、心电图、动脉血气、X线胸片、超声心动图特征以及丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、γ谷氨酰转肽酶(gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,γ-GT)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzyme,CK-MB)的变化,并比较两组间差异。将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的指标进行多因素Logistic回归分析,评价住院期间死亡的相关因素。结果:死亡组平均年龄高于存活组(P=0.043),晕厥和血压降低发生率也高于存活组(P=0.009,P=0.041),而动脉血氧分压p(O2)低于存活组(P=0.035);心电图出现右束支传导阻滞、SⅠQⅢTⅢ、超声心动图显示肺动脉高压和右心室运动功能障碍的比例死亡组均高于存活组(P=0.018,P=0.030,P=0.042和P=0.038);死亡组与存活组比较,ALT、LDH、CK-MB升高发生率差异有统计学意义(P=0.042,P=0.035,P=0.017);多因素回归分析显示死亡预测因子包括年龄(OR1.182,95%CI1.010～1.383,P=0.036)、低氧血症(OR1.128,95% CI1.018～1.249,P=0.022)、血压降低(OR3.346,95%CI1.116～10.031,P=0.031)、右心功能不全(OR4.083,95% CI1.040～16.035,P=0.044)和CK-MB升高(OR3.466,95% CI1.054～11.400,P=0.041)。结论:骨科手术后死于急性肺栓塞者血清ALT、LDH和CK-MB升高发生率高于存活者,患者年龄、低氧血症、低血压和右心功能不全是住院期间死亡的危险因素,血清CK-MB水平可能有助于急性PTE的危险分层。

脑血管病急性期胃肠道系统与脑的关系探讨

脑血管病又称脑血管意外或脑卒中,属中医"中风"范畴,其发生发展与胃肠道系统有着密切的关系。本文从以下三方面阐述脑血管病急性期胃肠道系统与脑的关系。首先,中医理论认为胃肠道系统与脑在生理功能及经络方面具有密切的联系;其次,临床研究表明痰热腑实证是脑血管病急性期主要证候之一,此证候最突出的表现为腑实便秘,关乎病情转归预后;再者,脑血管病急性期脑肠肽中胆囊收缩素的改变和体表结肠电生理变化也为胃肠道系统与脑具有相关性的理论提供了物质基础和电生理基础。