Application Value of NLR,PLR,LMR,HEART score,and POCT in Early Warning and Accurate Graded Diagnosis of High-Risk Chest Pain in Emergency Medicine

Objective: To evaluate the application value of neutrophils/lymphocytes (NLR), platelets/lymphocytes (PLR), lymphocytes/monocytes (LMR), HEART (history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors, and troponin) score, and point-of- care testing (POCT) in the early warning and precise diagnosis of high-risk chest pain in emergency medicine. Methods: A total of 157 patients with acute chest pain who were admitted to the emergency department and chest pain treatment unit of our hospital between August 2022 and September 2023 were selected. Rapid testing of bedside myocardial markers (ultrasensitive troponin (hs-cTnI), myoglobin (MYO), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), D-dimer (D-Dimer), and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP)) was performed on the patients using a POCT device (ThermoKing BioMQ60proB). A HEART score was used to classify the patients into low (n = 53), intermediate (n = 59), and high-risk (n = 45) groups, and the NLR, PLR, and LMR were calculated. The NLR, PLR, and LMR values were compared among the three groups of patients, and the optimal cutoff values as well as sensitivity and specificity were determined based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The HEART scores of patients in the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups were (2.72 ± 0.24), (4.75 ± 0.56), and (5.32 ± 0.73) respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the low-risk group, the intermediate-risk group and high-risk group had a significantly higher NLR and PLR, and a significantly lower LMR;the high-risk group had higher NLR and PLR and lower values of LMR as compared to the other two groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The ROC curves suggested that the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the combined diagnosis of NLR, PLR, LMR, HEART score, and POCT were greater than those of LR, PLR, and LMR with HEART score and POCT alone. Conclusion: The combined application of NLR, PLR, LMR, HEART score, and POCT has significant application value in the early warning and precise diagnosis of emergency high-risk chest pain. It provides a more simple, easy-to-access, and efficient assessment index for the clinical prediction and treatment of emergency high- risk chest pain.

A modified HEART risk score in chest pain patients with suspected non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome

ObjectiveTo validate a modified HEART [History, Electrocardiograph （ECG）, Age, Risk factors and Troponin] risk score in chest pain patients with suspected non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome （NSTE-ACS） in the emergency department （ED）.Methods This retrospective cohort study used a prospectively acquired database and chest pain patients admitted to the emergency department with suspected NSTE-ACS were enrolled. Data recorded on arrival at the ED were used. The serum sample of high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I other than conventional cardiac Troponin I used in the HEART risk score was tested. The modified HEART risk score was calculated. The end point was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events （MACE） defined as a composite of acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, percu-taneous intervention （PCI）, coronary artery bypass graft （CABG）, or all-cause death, within three months after initial presentation.Results A total of 1,300 patients were enrolled. A total of 606 patients （46.6%） had a MACE within three months： 205 patients （15.8%） were diag-nosed with AMI, 465 patients （35.8%） underwent PCI, and 119 patients （9.2%） underwent CABG. There were 10 （0.8%） deaths. A progres-sive, significant pattern of increasing event rate was observed as the score increased （P ＆lt; 0.001 byχ2 for trend）. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.84. All patients were classified into three groups： low risk （score 0-2）, intermediate risk （score 3-4）, and high risk （score 5-10）. Event rates were 1.1%, 18.5%, and 67.0%, respectively （P ＆lt; 0.001）.ConclusionsThe modified HEART risk score was validated in chest pain patients with suspected NSTE-ACS and may complement MACE risk assessment and patients triage in the ED. A prospective study of the score is warranted.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy misdiagnosed as acute myocardial infarction under the Chest Pain Center model:A case report

BACKGROUND With the spread and establishment of the Chest Pain Center in China,adhering to the idea that“time is myocardial cell and time is life”,many hospitals have set up a standardized process that ensures that patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)who meet emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)guidelines are sent directly to the DSA room by the prehospital emergency doctor,saving the time spent on queuing,registration,payment,re-examination by the emergency doctor,and obtaining consent for surgery after arriving at the hospital.Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an acute disease that is triggered by intense emotional or physical stress and must be promptly differentiated from AMI for its appropriate management.CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old female patient was taken directly to the catheterization room to perform PCI due to 4 h of continuous thoracalgia and elevation of the ST segment in the V3–V5 lead,without being transferred to the emergency department according to the Chest Pain Center model.Loading doses of aspirin,clopidogrel and statins were administered and informed consent for PCI was signed in the ambulance.On first look,the patient looked nervous in the DSA room.Coronary angiography showed no obvious stenosis.Left ventricular angiography showed that the contraction of the left ventricular apex was weakened,and the systolic period was ballooning out,showing a typical“octopus trap”change.The patient was diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.Five days later,the patient had no symptoms of thoracalgia,and the serological indicators returned to normal.She was discharged with a prescription of medication.CONCLUSION Under the Chest Pain Center model for the treatment of patients with chest pain showing ST segment elevation,despite the urgency of time,Takotsubo cardiomy-opathy must be promptly differentiated from AMI for its appropriate management.

WeChat Group of Chest Pain Center for Patients with Acute ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction:Faster Treatment Speed and Better Prognosis

Objective:To explore the effect of establishing a WeChat platform for a chest pain center as a medium to increase the treatment speed and improve the prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI).Methods:The chest pain center,established by the creation of a WeChat group,included primary hospitals in Chongqing that are not able to perform PPCI and the First Affi liated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,which is the core of the center and which includes medical staff of the catheter laboratory,the cardiology department,the emergency,the vascular surgery department,and the cardiothoracic surgery department.Patients with acute STEMI who underwent PPCI from January 2017 to November 2018 in the First Affi liated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled.The patients(including emergency department visitors,120 callers,and patients transferred from the critical care unit or other departments)were divided into a WeChat pre-admission startup group(n=311)and a non-WeChat pre-admission startup group(control group,n=172).Patients’door-to-balloon time,standard door-toballoon time achievement rate,artery puncture to balloon dilation time,heart failure rate,length of stay,and incidence of adverse events(including fatal arrhythmia,cardiogenic shock,and death)during hospitalization were compared between the two groups.Results:Four hundred eight-three consecutive patients were enrolled.There was no signifi cant difference in patients’sex,age,length of stay,and cardiovascular events during hospitalization between the two groups(P>0.05).The door-to-balloon time of the patients in the WeChat pre-admission startup group was much shorter than that of patients in the non-WeChat pre-admission startup group(27.35±10.58 min vs.88.15±53.79 min,P<0.05).The standard door-to-balloon time achievement rate was signifi cantly higher in the WeChat pre-admission startup group than in the non-WeChat pre-admission startup group(100%vs.72.09%,P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of a WeChat platform signifi cantly shortened the door-to-balloon time of patients receiving PPCI and increased the standard door-to-balloon time achievement rate for patients with STEMI.In addition,the platform is also conducive to integrating medical resources and sharing medical information.The establishment of the platform increased the treatment speed and improved the prognosis of patients with STEMI.

Accuracy of gestalt perception of acute chest pain in predicting coronary artery disease

AIM To test accuracy and reproducibility of gestalt to predict obstructive coronary artery disease(CAD)in patients with acute chest pain.METHODS We studied individuals who were consecutively admitted to our Chest Pain Unit.At admission,investigators performed a standardized interview and recorded14 chest pain features.Based on these features,a cardiologist who was blind to other clinical characteristics made unstructured judgment of CAD probability,both numerically and categorically.As the reference standard for testing the accuracy of gestalt,angiography was required to rule-in CAD,while either angiography or non-invasive test could be used to rule-out.In order to assess reproducibility,a second cardiologist did the same procedure.RESULTS In a sample of 330 patients,the prevalence of obstructive CAD was 48%.Gestalt’s numerical probability was associated with CAD,but the area under the curve of0.61(95%CI:0.55-0.67)indicated low level of accuracy.Accordingly,categorical definition of typical chest pain had a sensitivity of 48%(95%CI:40%-55%)and specificity of 66%(95%CI:59%-73%),yielding a negligible positive likelihood ratio of 1.4(95%CI:0.65-2.0)and negative likelihood ratio of 0.79(95%CI:0.62-1.02).Agreement between the two cardiologists was poor in the numerical classification(95%limits of agreement=-71%to 51%)and categorical definition of typical pain(Kappa=0.29;95%CI:0.21-0.37).CONCLUSION Clinical judgment based on a combination of chest pain features is neither accurate nor reproducible in predicting obstructive CAD in the acute setting.

The early risk stratification of the patients with acute chest pain

Objective： This investigation was designed to stratify patients with acute chest pain based on their symptoms, electrocardiogram （ECG）, cardiac injury markers and the number of accompanying traditional risk factors（smoking, obesity, hyperlipemia, hypertension, diabetes）, and to assess the effect of the above factors to obtain a risk stratification for patients with chest pain. Methods： We identified 139 patients with acute chest pain, including 45 myocardiac infarction patients, 65 unstable angina patients and 29 chest pain patients without identified acute coronary syndrome（ACS） admitted to our Coronary Heart Center during December 2004 to February 2005. All patients accepted coronary angiography. All data was collected using questionnaires. Based on reported symptom, electrocardiogram （ECG）, cardiac injury markers and the number of the accompanying traditional risk factors, we stratified all patients into four groups： Group 1, patients with acute chest pain, ECG changes and abnormal cardiac injury biomarkers. Group 2, patients with acute chest pain and ECG changes（without abnormal cardiac injury biomarkers）. Group 3, patients with acute chest pain, normal ECG, normal cardiac injury biomarkers and 〉2 traditional risk factors. Group 4, patients with acute chest pain, normal ECG and normal cardiac injury biomarkers, but only ≤ 2 traditional risk factors. From this data we examined the difference of ACS incidence in the four groups. Results：After stratification the ACS incidence of the grouped patients in turn was 100%, 84%, 69.6% and 53.3%. The combination of early phase ECG and cardiac injury markers identified 70.9% patients with ACS（the specificity being 90.7%）. The mortality of group 3 was higher compared with group 4（69.6% vs 53.3%）, however the P value was more than 0.05 and didn＇ t show significant statistical difference. The correlation analysis found the number of the traditional risk factors had a significant positive correlation （r= 0.202, P = 0.044） with the number of stenosis being more than 50% of the artery diameter. Multiple linear regression showed the hypertension had a significant correlation with the number of the diseased regions（P= 0.014）. Conclusions：The risk stratification based on the symptom, ECG, cardiac injury markers and accompanying traditional risk factors is both important and available in practice. It is unsuitable for patients with a normal ECG and cardiac injury markers to differentiate ACS from non-cardiac chest pain relying only on the number of the accompanying traditional risk factors. However we found the number of the risk factors can indicate the disease severity.

New scoring system for acute chest pain risk stratification: Is it worth SVEAT-ing it?

The emergency room is a very potent environment in the hospital.With the growing demands of the population,improved accessibility to health resources,and the onslaught of the triple pandemic,it is extremely crucial to triage patients at presentation.In the spectrum of complaints,chest pain is the commonest.Despite it being a daily ailment,chest pain brings concern to every physician at first.Chest pain could span from acute coronary syndrome,pulmonary embolism,and aortic dissection(all potentially fatal)to reflux,zoster,or musculoskeletal causes that do not need rapid interventions.We often employ scoring systems such as GRACE/PURSUIT/TIMI to assist in clinical decision-making.Over the years,the HEART score became a popular and effective tool for predicting the risk of 30-d major adverse cardiovascular events.Recently,a new scoring system called SVEAT was developed and compared to the HEART score.We have attempted to summarize how these scoring systems differ and their generalizability.With an increasing number of scoring systems being introduced,one must also prevent anchorage bias;i.e.,tools such as these are only diagnosis-specific and not organ-specific,and other emergent differential diagnoses must also be kept in mind before discharging the patient home without additional workup.

The Role of Bedside Troponin T Test for Identification of High Risk Patients With Acute Chest Pain

Objectives Evaluation of patients with acute chest pain when they admitted is time-consuming. We prospectively investigated the role of bedside troponin T test for predicting the risk of death and acute heart failure of patients with acute chest pain.Methods and Results 502 consecutive patients with chest pain for less than 24 hours were determined by troponin T test at bedside and quantitative troponin I test in lab. For bedside troponin T tests, there were 160 patients in positive and 323 in negative. During 30 days of followed-up. Myocardial infarction evolved in 139 patients among 160 patients in positive troponin T test, only 7 patients in negative one. Acute heart failure occurred in 51 patients among the positive group, but 37 occurred it at negative group. The odds ratio of acute heart failure of positive group vs. negative group was 3.6. Patients died 39 in positive group, 15 in negative group, the all-cause death odds ratio of positive group vs. negative group was 6.7; 31 patients died with cardiac event in positive group, 5 in negative group only. Conclusions Bedside Troponin T test is a powerful and independent predictor of death and acute heart failure for patients with acute chest pain.

Fish bone-induced myocardial injury leading to a misdiagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: A case report

BACKGROUND Acute chest pain(ACP)is very common among patients presenting to emergency departments.Nevertheless,ACP caused by esophageal foreign body is relatively rarely reported.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man suffering from chest pain(increased pain for the last 9 h)was admitted to our hospital on October 25,2015.After undergoing physical examination and laboratory blood testing,he was diagnosed with acute anterior myocardial infarction.Consequently,the patient underwent emergency percutaneous coronary angiography;however,no myocardial infarction signs were observed.Later on,the patient experienced respiration failure and therefore was transferred to intensive care unit.Cardiac ultrasound showed pericardial effusion,which was considered as the cause of shock.He then underwent pericardium puncture drainage and the circulation temporarily improved.Nevertheless,persistent pericardial bleeding,unclear bleeding causes,and clot formation induced poor drainage led to worsening of cardiac tamponade symptoms.Consequently,the patient underwent emergency exploratory thoracotomy,which revealed a fish bone causing pericardial bleeding.The bone was removed,and the damaged blood vessels were mended.Eventually,the patient was discharged in good clinical condition.CONCLUSION For patients with chest pain,it is necessary to consider the possibility of foreign body in the esophagus or even in the heart.Careful history taking and the corresponding inspection can help to avoid unnecessary damage and safeguard patients from unnecessary pain.

Pheochromocytoma in a 49-year-old woman presenting with acute myocardial infarction:A case report

BACKGROUND Pheochromocytoma is a rare endocrine tumor arising from chromaffin cells and having extensive and profound effects on the cardiovascular system by continuously or intermittently releasing catecholamines.The clinical manifestations of pheochromocytoma are diverse,and the typical triad,including episodic headache,palpitations,and sweating,only occurs in 24%of pheochromocytoma patients,which often misleads clinicians into making an incorrect diagnosis.We herein report the case of a patient with intermittent chest pain and elevated myocardial enzymes for 2 years who was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old woman presented with intermittent chest pain for 2 years.Two years ago,the patient experienced chest pain and was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction,with 25%stenosis in the left circumflex.The patient still had intermittent chest pain after discharge.Two hours before admission to our hospital,the patient experienced chest pain with nausea and vomiting,lasting for 20 min.Troponin I and urinary norepinephrine and catecholamine levels were elevated.An electrocardiogram indicated QT prolongation and ST-segment depression in leads II,III,aVF,and V3-V6.A coronary computed tomography angiogram revealed no evidence of coronary artery disease.Echocardiography showed left ventricular enlargement and a decreased posterior inferior wall motion amplitude.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated an inhomogeneous right adrenal mass.The patient successfully underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy,and histopathology confirmed adrenal pheochromocytoma.During the first-year follow-up visits,the patient was asymptomatic.The abnormal changes on echocardiography and electro-cardiogram disappeared.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware of pheochromocytoma.A timely and accurate diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is essential for alleviating serious cardiac complications.

SVEAT score outperforms HEART score in patients admitted to a chest pain observation unit

BACKGROUND Timely and accurate identification of subgroup at risk for major adverse cardiovascular events among patients presenting with acute chest pain remains a challenge.Currently available risk stratification scores are suboptimal.Recently,a new scoring system called the Symptoms,history of Vascular disease,Electrocardiography,Age,and Troponin(SVEAT)score has been shown to outperform the History,Electrocardiography,Age,Risk factors and Troponin(HEART)score,one of the most used risk scores in the United States.AIM To assess the potential usefulness of the SVEAT score as a risk stratification tool by comparing its performance to HEART score in chest pain patients with low suspicion for acute coronary syndrome and admitted for overnight observation.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 330 consecutive patients admitted to our clinical decision unit for acute chest pain between January 1st to April 17th,2019.To avoid potential biases,investigators assigned to calculate the SVEAT,and HEART scores were blinded to the results of 30-d combined endpoint of death,acute myocardial infarction or confirmed coronary artery disease requiring revascularization or medical therapy[30-d major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE)].An area under receiving-operator characteristic curve(AUC)for each score was then calculated.C-statistic and logistic model were used to compare RESULTS A 30-d MACE was observed in 11 patients(3.33%of the subjects).The AUC of SVEAT score(0.8876,95%CI:0.82-0.96)was significantly higher than the AUC of HEART score(0.7962,95%CI:0.71-0.88),P=0.03.Using logistic model,SVEAT score with cut-off of 4 or less significantly predicts 30-d MACE(odd ratio 1.52,95%CI:1.19-1.95,P=0.001)but not the HEART score(odd ratio 1.29,95%CI:0.78-2.14,P=0.32).CONCLUSION The SVEAT score is superior to the HEART score as a risk stratification tool for acute chest pain in low to intermediate risk patients.

Electrocardiographic Analysis of Patients with Suspicion of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Yaounde, Cameroon

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. IHD was thought to be an extremely rare occurrence in Sub-Saharan Africa, but the increasing economic development with changes in lifestyle has led to an increase in IHD risk factors which has motivated the interest of our study. Objectives: The aim was to study a group of patients with suspicion of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in order to determine those with and without electrocardiographic diagnosis of ACS. Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional descriptive study over a period of six months, which included concerned patients who presented with retrosternal or precordial chest pain of onset being less than two weeks with at least one cardiovascular risk factor, in the cardiology units of three reference hospitals in Yaounde. Ethical clearance and authorizations were obtained from the competent authorities. We used a preformed questionnaire to obtain information from the patients concerning the demographic data, clinical presentation and electrocardiographic findings. Results: We recruited 100 patients with suspicion of ACS. 56 patients presented with electrocardiographic diagnosis of ACS and 44 patients did not. The mean age was 60.6 ± 11.5 years with age limits of 32 - 85 years in patients with ACS and 55.3 ± 16.6 years with age limits of 19 - 90 years in patients without ACS. The predominant age group was 60 - 69 years in both groups. The sex ratio (male/female) was 0.6 in patients with ACS and 0.7 in patients without ACS. The main complaints presented in both groups were;chest pain, fatigue, dyspnea and palpitation. The frequent cardiovascular risk factors in both groups were hypertension, age and overweight/obesity. In patients with ACS, 55.4% presented with ST-segment elevated acute coronary syndrome (STE-ACS) and 44.6% presented with non-ST-segment elevated acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). The Antero-Septal territory represented 77.4% of patients with STE-ACS and the lateral territory represented 56.0% of patients with NSTE-ACS. Conclusion: This study shows that 56.0% of patients with suspicion of ACS had an electrocardiographic diagnosis of ACS. Further studies should be undertaken to determine the prevalence of ACS in our community.

Chest pain and troponin elevation in a Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy:Acute myocardial infarction or progres-sion of Duchenne cardiomyopathy

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy （DMD） is an X- linked disorder and presents in boys of early childhood with proximal muscle weak- ness, calf hypertrophy and markedly elevated creatine kinase levels. Weakness in DMD is progressive, and ambulation is lost early in the second decade1. The main clinical features of the patients are the proximal muscle weakness and atrophy, unusual walking posture,

胸痛发作时床边即时检测心肌钙蛋白T诊断急性心肌梗死的价值

目的确定胸痛症状发作后不同时间间隔内,床边心肌肌钙蛋白T(point of care troponin-T testing,POCT-cTnT)对急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)的诊断性能,了解其在快速排除AMI方面的意义。方法这项回顾性研究包括了2019年1月至2022年12月期间出现胸痛症状的6024例患者。在入院时测量了POCT-cTnT和中心实验室cTnI水平。通过按时间窗口划分的受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristics,ROC)分析,评估POCT-cTnT在诊断AMI时的准确性。结果总体而言,POCT-cTnT诊断AMI的AUC为0.826(95%CI:0.816~0.836),灵敏度和特异度分别为72.81%和86.26%。根据胸痛发作的时间进行区间分组(<3 h、3~6 h、6~12 h、12~24 h、24~72 h和≥72 h),6~12 h以后的分组AUC值分别为0.918、0.928、0.920和0.908,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均要高于6 h时以内的组(P<0.001);根据胸痛发作时间点进行分组,≥8 h组的AUC为0.921,阴性预测值(negative predictive value,NPV)98.1%和阴性似然比(negative likelihood ratio,-LR)0.11,其AUC高于≥3 h、≥2 h、≥1 h和overall组(P<0.05),而与≥4 h以后的各时间组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胸痛发作时间对单次检测POCT-cTnT诊断AMI的性能存在一定的影响,结合胸痛发作至就诊时间,可能提高其诊断或排除AMI的可靠性。在胸痛发作4 h后,单次POCT-cTnT检测能可靠地诊断或排除AMI;当胸痛发作8 h后,其诊断或排除AMI方面具有更高的可靠性。

一键胸痛套餐包在急性胸痛诊断中的应用研究

目的 探讨一键胸痛套餐包在急性胸痛诊断中的应用价值。方法 以2022年5月—2023年4月通过一键胸痛套餐包为核心的胸痛全流程绿色通道重塑的急性胸痛患者为实验组(n=196),2021年5月至2022年4月通过原有的绿色通道流程入抢救室的急性胸痛患者为对照组(n=170),比较两组急性胸痛患者明确诊断所需时间,在急诊科抢救室滞留时间、出入院诊断符合率及患者与家属满意度。结果 与对照组相比,实验组急性胸痛诊断时间、抢救室滞留时间显著缩短,出入院诊断符合率明显提高,患者与家属满意度明显增加(P<0.001)。结论 一键胸痛套餐包为核心的胸痛全流程绿色通道,能够减少明确诊断所需时间,缩短在抢救室滞留时间,提高患者与家属满意度,减少医患矛盾。

急性胸痛患者早期风险评估研究进展

急性胸痛是急诊常见的症状之一,早期精准识别高风险性和低风险性胸痛有益于高危患者得到及时诊疗以及低危患者减少过度医疗,同时改善预后和缓解院前急救及急诊科医疗资源的严峻。近年来急性胸痛患者早期危险分层工具不断开发,其敏感度和特异度各有不同。本文对目前急性胸痛患者早期风险评估的研究进展进行综述。

胸痛中心优化护理管理在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用效果

目的:观察胸痛中心优化护理管理在急性心肌梗死(ACI)患者中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年12月该院急诊科收治的80例ACI患者的临床资料,按照护理管理方法不同将其分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组实施常规胸痛中心护理管理,观察组在对照组基础上实施胸痛中心优化护理管理。比较两组护理管理质量评分、急救相关指标(心电图完成时间、发病至首次医疗接触时间、心肌损伤标志物检测完成时间、导管室激活时间)水平、主要心血管不良事件发生率和急救满意度。结果:观察组护理管理质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组心电图完成时间、发病至首次医疗接触时间、心肌损伤标志物检测完成时间、导管室激活时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组主要心血管不良事件发生率为2.50%(1/40),低于对照组的20.00%(8/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组急救满意度为100.00%(40/40),高于对照组的80.00%(32/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胸痛中心优化护理管理应用于ACI患者可提高护理管理质量评分和急救满意度,改善急救相关指标水平,降低主要心血管不良事件发生率,效果优于常规胸痛中心护理管理。

基于情景模拟的基于问题的学习教学法在急性胸痛教学中的应用

目的探讨情景模拟结合基于问题的学习(PBL)教学法在临床医学本科教学中的应用效果。方法选择2023年3月至9月桂林医学院临床医学专业2020级本科有急诊医学“急性胸痛”课程的288名医学生作为研究对象,随机选取两个班为观察组(145名),另两个班为对照组(143名)。对照组采用传统教学法,观察组采用情景模拟联合PBL教学法。课程结束后采用问卷调查及考试测评的方法比较两种不同教学方法的教学效果。结果观察组学生鉴别诊断、治疗方案、课后小测验考核总分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组学习兴趣、知识理解、急诊思维、鉴别判断分数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组学生应急能力分数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在教学评价上,分数最高的是学习兴趣(9.57±0.68)分,其次是急诊思维(9.50±0.69)分。结论基于情景模拟的PBL教学法在急诊医学“急性胸痛”课程中有较好的应用效果,能提高医学生的学生积极性和主动性,有助于急诊临床思维的培养,可在急诊本科教学课程中进行推广应用。

胸痛中心区域协同救治体系建设对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死救治的影响

目的:探讨胸痛中心区域协同救治体系建设对郑州地区急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)救治的影响。方法:选取郑州市中心医院胸痛中心2015年10月至2020年10月成立前、后收治的STEMI转诊患者,分别设为常规转诊组、区域协同转诊组,各90例。两组患者入院后均进行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗,比较两组患者发病后总缺血时间、从发病至首次医疗接触时间(S2FMC)、首次医疗接触到导丝通过时间(FMC2W),临床不良事件发生率的差异。结果:区域协同转诊组患者的总缺血时间、S2FMC、FMC2W均短于常规转诊组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。区域协同转诊组患者院内临床不良事件发生率低于常规转诊组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胸痛中心区域协同救治体系的建设,显著提高了STEMI转诊患者的临床救治效率,降低了院内临床不良事件发生率,有助于改善患者预后。

区域协同救治体系对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死救治效率及预后影响的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析方法,探讨区域协同救治体系对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者救治效率及疾病预后的影响。方法 计算机检索Web of science、PubMed、Embase、Ovid、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库及维普网等数据库中关于区域协同救治体系运行前后急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者救治效率及疾病预后的队列研究,检索时限为建库至2022年11月。由两名研究人员分别对检索结果进行文献筛选及数据提取、采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行文献质量评价。使用Revman 5.4及Stata16.0进行数据分析,评估研究的异质性并进行亚组分析。结果 本研究共纳入29篇文献,共包含研究对象51 953例,其中试验组26 110例,对照组25 843例。Meta分析结果显示,区域协同救治运行后ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI医院入门至球囊扩张(D-to-B)时间较运行前缩短[MD=-42.14,95%CI:(-61.54,-22.74)](P<0.001),不同地区研究间异质性较大(I2=99%>50%);2012年前区域协同救治的运行与D-to-B时间无关[MD=50.67,95%CI:(-103.35,2.00)](P=0.060);区域协同救治运行后直接PCI患者比例得到提高[OR:1.78,95%CI:(1.23,2.57)](P=0.002)、整体死亡率下降[OR:0.77,95%CI:(0.71,0.82)](P<0.001);区域协同救治运行后ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者术后1个月[OR:0.40,95%CI:(0.25,0.64)]及6个月[OR:0.47,95%CI:(0.22,0.97)]主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率低于运行前(P<0.001;P=0.040),但随访12个月MACE发生率无明显差异[OR:0.61,95%CI:(0.32,1.16)](P=0.130)。结论 区域协同救治体系可缩短急性D-to-B时间并提高直接PCI患者比例,改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者短期预后,但对患者远期预后无明显影响。未来还需总结先进经验,促进各地区区域协同救治体系救护水平的均衡发展,加强社区居家心脏康复建设投入,降低冠心病患者病死率。