Effect of bivalirudin on myocardial microcirculation and adverse events after interventional therapy in older patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND Bivalirudin,a direct thrombin inhibitor,is used in anticoagulation therapies as a substitute for heparin,especially during cardiovascular procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention.AIM To explore the effect of bivalirudin on myocardial microcirculation following an intervention and its influence on adverse cardiac events in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).METHODS In total,165 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial at our hospital between June 2020 and June 2022 were enrolled in this study.From June 2020 to June 2022,elderly patients with ACS with complete data were selected and treated with interventional therapy.The study cohort was randomly divided into a study group(n=80,administered bivalirudin)and a control group(n=85,administered unfractionated heparin).Over a 6-mo follow-up period,differences in emergency processing times,including coronary intervention,cardiac function indicators,occurrence of cardiovascular events,and recurrence rates,were analyzed.RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the study cohorts,with the observation group showing shorter emergency process times across all stages:Emergency classification;diagnostic testing;implementation of coronary intervention;and conclusion of emergency treatment(P<0.05).Furthermore,the left ventricular ejection fraction in the observation group was significantly higher(P<0.05),and the creatine kinase-MB and New York Heart Association scores were CONCLUSION In elderly patients receiving interventional therapy for ACS,bivalirudin administration led to increased activated clotting time achievement rates,enhanced myocardial reperfusion,and reduced incidence of bleeding complications and adverse cardiac events.

A randomized trail comparing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with a strategy of short-acting thrombolysis and immediate planned primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction

Objective This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a short acting reduced dose fibrinolytic regimen to promote early infarct related artery (IRA) patency for acyute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Following aspirin and heparin, 166 patients were randomized to a 50 mg bolus of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator(rt PA) or to a same volume sodium chloride injection followed by immediate primary PCI. The end points included patency rates on catheterization laboratory (cath lab) arrival, revascularization results when PCI was performed, complication rates, left ventricular function and restored patency rate following PCI. Results Patency on cath lab arrival was 64% with rt PA (34% TIMI 3,30% TIMI 2), while 31% of placebo (13% TIMI 3, 18% TIMI 2). There was no difference in the restored TIMI 3 rates of IRA between the two groups (85% vs 87%). No difference were observed in stroke or major bleeding. Left ventricular function was similar in both groups (52±9% vs 50±8%), but left ventricular ejection fraction fraction (LVEF) was higher with patent IRA (TIMI 3) on cath lab arrival than that of others (56±12% vs 48±10%).Conclusions Strategy thrombolytic regimens were compatible with subsequent PCI lead to more frequenc early recanalization (before cath lab arrival), which facilitates greater left ventricular function preservation with no augmentation of adverse events.

Early and Late Coronary Angiographic Changes After Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarciton

Objective The coronaryanatomic feature and development after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were studied. Mehtods 100 patients with AMI received urokinase and strepokinase. Coronary angiography (CAG) was performed at 90 minuts and again at 3 to 4 weeks. Results Successful thrombolysis occurred in 60 cases, but failed in 40. The ratio of reperfusion was 60%. CAG showed there were residual thrombi in 84 patients (84% ) and complete coronary occlusion in 40(40% ). Angiography at 3 to 4 weeks after thrombolysis showed the stenosis worsened in 8 patients and improved in 10. Conclusion AMI is caused by sudden coronary thrombotic occlusion and can be reperfused by using thrombolytic agent or mechanical methods. Throm-bolytic agents usually can not resolve thrombi completely. So percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) is recommended as an important method to improve serious residual stenosis.

Serum uric acid in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND:Few studies investigated serum uric acid levels in patients with acute STelevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).The study was to assess the clinical value of serum uric acid levels in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).METHODS:Totally 502 consecutive patients with STEMI were retrospectively studied from January 2005 to December 2010.The level of serum lipid,echocardiographic data and in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) in patients with hyperuricemia(n=119) were compared with those in patients without hyperuricemia(n=383).The relationship between the level of serum uric acid and the degree of diseased coronary artery was analyzed.All data were analyzed with SPSS version 17.0 software for Student's t test,the Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis.RESULTS:Serum uric acid level was positively correlated with serum triglyceride level.Hyperlipidemia was more common in hyperuricemia patients than in non-hyperuricemia patients(43.7%vs.33.7%,P=0.047),and serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in hyperuricemia patients(2.11±1.24 vs.1.78±1.38,P=0.014).But no significant association was observed between serum uric acid level and one or more diseased vessels(P>0.05).Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd) was larger in hyperuricemia patients than in non-hyperuricemia patients(53.52±6.19 vs.52.18±4.89,P=0.041).The higher rate of left systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction was discovered in hyperuricemia patients(36.4%vs.15.1%,P<0.001;68.2%vs.55.8%,P=0.023).Also,hyperuricemia patients were more likely to have in-hospital MACE(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Serum uric acid level is positively correlated with serum triglyceride level,but not with the severity of coronary artery disease.Hyperuricemia patients with STEMI tend to have a higher rate of left systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction and more likely to have more in-hospital MACE.

Is there a role for ischemia detection after an acute myocardial infarction?

Coronary angiography and eventual revascularization have become the most common approaches for patients with acute coronary syndromes.Ischemia detection in this scenario is usually regarded as unnecessary for most of the patients.In fact,current guidelines recommend complete revascularization for patients with multivessel disease in the context of ST-elevation myocardial infarction,although it is in contrast with previous recommendations.However,some recent data suggested that ischemia could have a role for the decision of revascularization in these patients.The CROSS-AMI study randomized patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty and who also had multivessel disease to a complete anatomic revascularization of the non-infarct related artery lesions vs subsequent revascularization of the noninfarct related artery lesions only if ischemia was demonstrated by stress echocardiography.The main findings were that only 30%of the patients in the ischemia arm needed a second revascularization and that the outcome was similar in both arms.Regarding non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome,coronary angiography is in general warranted for most of the patients.However,recent long-term published studies on patients randomized to an invasive or less aggressive approach based on ischemia detection have found no differences in outcome.The ultimate study in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome comparing ischemia detection with an invasive approach is pending.Therefore,ischemia detection might have a role for stratifying these subjects.This is particularly true in the current era of imaging of high quality and sensitivity,last generation stents,radial access and modern antithrombotic therapy.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Kawasaki disease:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease(KD)is an acute self-limiting febrile vasculitis that occurs during childhood and can cause coronary artery aneurysm(CAA).CAAs are associated with a high rate of adverse cardiovascular events.CASE SUMMARY A Korean 35-year-old man with a 30-year history of KD presented to the emergency room with chest pain.Emergent coronary angiography was performed as ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads was observed on the electrocardiogram.An aneurysm of the left circumflex(LCX)coronary artery was found with massive thrombi within.A drug-eluting 4.5 mm 23 mm-sized stent was inserted into the occluded area without complications.The maximal diameter of the LCX was 6.0 mm with a Z score of 4.7,suggestive of a small aneurysm considering his age,sex,and body surface area.We further present a case series of 19 patients with KD,including the current patient,presenting with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Notably,none of the cases showed Z scores;only five patients(26%)had been regularly followed up by a physician,and only one patient(5.3%)was being treated with antithrombotic therapy before ACS occurred.CONCLUSION For KD presenting with ACS,regular follow up and medical therapy may be crucial for improved outcomes.

Clinical characteristics,GRACE score,TIMI score and prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute coronary syndrome

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),the global registry of acute coronary events(GRACE)score,the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)score and clinical prognosis.Method:The study was a retrospective one-center observational study,continuous inclusion of 600 ACS patients diagnosed by coronary angiography in our hospital from October 2018 to July 2019.Collect general clinical data,laboratory examination results,imaging data and interventional treatment data of all patients.Were divided into:T2DM with ACS group(group DA)and non-T2DM with ACS(group NDA)according to whether or not they were associated with T2DM.According to the GRACE、TIMI score,the two groups were divided into high risk group,middle risk group and low risk group.All patients underwent coronary angiography to calculate the number of vascular lesions and Gensini scores.Design questionnaire,after discharge to 2 groups of patients by telephone or outpatient follow-up average of 10 months,statistics of the occurrence of MACE events.Result:Among the 600 patients included in the study,362 were male(60.3%)and 238 were female(39.7%)with mean age(64.7±10.3)years.The baseline data showed that the G、TG、UA、CR levels were higher in the DA group than in the NDA group;the proportion of men was lower than in the NDA group.The results of coronary angiography showed that the Gensini score of DA group was higher than that of NDA group,and the proportion of single lesion was lower than that of NDA group.The binary Logistic regression analysis suggested that age and CRP were independent risk factors for MACE events in patients with T2DM.GRACE risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,and there was no significant difference between low and middle risk group.TIMI risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,while the proportion of low and middle risk group was lower than that in NDA group.The ROC curve shows that the area(AUC)below the ROC curve that GRACE、TIMI score predicted the occurrence of MACE events in patients with T2DM and ACS was 0.707 and 0.586.Conclusion:Patients with T2DM and ACS had higher clinical risk stratification than without T2DM.GRACE score compared with the TIMI score had better predictive value for the occurrence of MACE events after discharge of T2DM with ACS patients.

Comparison of the curative effect of intracoronary retrograde thrombolysis and thrombus aspiration combined with stent implantation on STEMI patients

Objective:To evaluate the short-term and long-term curative effects of precise intracoronary retrograde thrombolysis combined with stent implantation,thrombus aspiration combined with stent implantation,and traditional stent implantation in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Methods:From January 2018 to October 2019,184 patients diagnosed with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and infarction-related arterial blood flow TIMI 0 grade in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)were selected.According to different surgical methods,patients were divided into intracoronary retrograde thrombolysis combined with stent implantation group(thrombolysis group,n=57 cases),thrombus aspiration combined with stent implantation group(aspiration group,n=57 cases)),traditional stent implantation group(traditional group,n=70 cases).Compare the incidence of no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention,the rate of 1 hour ST_segment fall≥50%in the ECG after PCI,and the main adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)during hospitalization;compare the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)、left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year after PCI.Results:1.The short-term effects:The incidence of no-reflow phenomenon in the thrombolytic group was lower than that of the aspiration group and the traditional group,and the rate of 1hSTR≥50%was higher than that of the aspiration group and the traditional group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2.The long-term effects:1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention,the LVEDD of the thrombolytic group was lower than that of the aspiration group and the traditional group,while the LVEF was higher than the aspiration group and the traditional group,and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in the thrombolytic group at was lowest,both the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of intracoronary retrograde thrombolysis combined with stent implantation in STEMI patients can reduce the occurrence of no-reflow,improve long-term cardiac function,and reduce the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events for short-term and long-term.

回阳复脉汤辅助PCI术对心肾阳虚型急性心肌梗死患者TIMI血流分级、冠脉微循环及MACE的影响

目的探讨回阳复脉汤辅助经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术对心肾阳虚型急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、冠脉微循环及主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的影响。方法选取2021年3月至2023年3月驻马店市中医院收治的86例AMI患者进行前瞻性随机平行对照研究,按随机数表法分为PCI组和联合组各43例。PCI组患者予以PCI术,联合组患者予以回阳复脉汤辅助PCI术。比较两组患者PCI术后TIMI血流分级、冠脉血流储备(CFR)、微循环阻力指数(IMR)、TIMI心肌灌注帧数(TMPFC)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、P选择素、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)、血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD62P)、安全性及MACE发生率。结果联合组患者的TIMI血流分级Ⅰ级0例,Ⅱ级0例,Ⅲ级43例,优于PCI组的Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级6例,Ⅲ级36例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者PCI术后即刻CFR为2.94±0.28,明显高于PCI组的2.60±0.31,IMR、TMPFC分别为12.15±2.84、(92.00±3.24)帧,明显低于PCI组的14.77±3.56、(95.18±4.67)帧,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者PCI术后即刻和术后5 d的ET-1分别为(132.41±19.67)ng/L、(113.02±14.76)ng/L,明显低于PCI组的(151.33±38.95)ng/L、(148.51±40.00)ng/L,NO分别为(62.43±13.55)μmol/L、(67.89±11.22)μmol/L,明显高于PCI组的(50.68±16.24)μmol/L、(52.03±15.49)μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者PCI术后即刻和术后5 d的P选择素、NLR、hs-CRP、IL-6水平均明显低于PCI组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者PCI术后即刻和术后5 d的PAI-1、CD62P分别为(9.33±1.20)μg/L、(8.08±1.33)μg/L;(45.37±5.38)%、(40.05±4.27)%,明显低于PCI组的(12.00±1.87)μg/L、(11.17±1.65)μg/L;(48.40±6.29)%、(45.59±5.31)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);联合组患者的MACE总发生率为2.38%,明显低于PCI组的18.60%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论回阳复脉汤辅助PCI术能改善心肾阳虚型AMI患者的TIMI血流分级、冠脉微循环、血管内皮功能及炎症反应,优化纤溶凝血系统,减少MACE的发生,增加患者临床获益。

冠状动脉造影微循环阻力指数对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后预后的评估价值

目的探究冠状动脉造影微循环阻力指数(coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance,caIMR)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后发生主要心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)的预测价值。方法连续纳入2019年9月~2022年3月在徐州医科大学附属医院诊断为STEMI的患者541例。使用FlashAngio系统(苏州润迈德医疗科技有限公司)计算caIMR。按照住院或随访期间MACE发生与否将患者分为MACE组和非MACE组,MACE定义为全因死亡、心力衰竭再入院、非计划性血运重建。采用COX回归分析、受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristics,ROC)曲线、Kaplan-Meier生存曲线探究caIMR对STEMI患者急诊PCI术后预后的评估价值。结果随访时间为1年,其中发生MACE 61例(11.28%)。与非MACE组比较,MACE组患者有着更高的caIMR。多因素COX分析表明,caIMR是MACE的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,caIMR预测MACE的曲线下面积0.688,最佳截断值为25.3 U。caIMR加入到临床危险因素模型中后显著增加了模型的判别和重新分类能力;进一步将患者分为低caIMR组(caIMR<25 U,n=377)和高caIMR组(caIMR≥25 U,n=164)。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示caIMR≥25 U患者预后更差。结论caIMR是STEMI患者行PCI术后预后不良的独立危险因素,caIMR≥25 U患者预后更差。

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死不同治疗方式的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨STEMI不同治疗方式的临床疗效观察。方法:选取我院2018年5月至2020年6月的106例STEMI患者的临床资料,按照治疗方法分为急诊PCI组、溶栓后早期PCI组、溶栓后择期PCI组,比较三组患者临床疗效。结果:三组LVDd、LVEF、NGF、cMyBP-C比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后7d、6个月,LVDd急诊PCI组低于其余两组,而LVEF急诊PCI组高于其余两组(P<0.05);PCI术后急诊PCI组的NGF、cMyBP-C低于其余两组(P<0.05);TIMI血流分级三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。急诊PCI组的不良事件总发生率低于其余两组(P<0.05)。结论:不同PCI时机对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的心功能均有不同程度的改善,但急诊PCI对患者的NGF、cMyBP-C有较大的改善作用,且不良反应较少,对于有指征的患者应在临床上对患者尽早行PCI术。

经皮冠状动脉介入联合溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的效果分析

目的:分析经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)联合溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的效果。方法:选取2021年1月—2023年9月白银市靖远县人民医院收治的64例AMI患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组、试验组,各32例。对照组实施静脉溶栓治疗,试验组实施PCI联合溶栓治疗。比较两组临床疗效、并发症发生情况、生活质量。结果:试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。试验组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.025)。治疗前,两组躯体、社会、情绪、总健康评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组躯体、社会、情绪、总健康评分高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PCI联合溶栓治疗AMI的效果显著,可降低并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。

替罗非班联合尿激酶原预处理逆行溶栓对STEMI患者PCI后冠脉无复流的影响研究

目的探讨替罗非班联合重组人尿激酶原(rhPro-UK)预处理逆行溶栓对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后冠脉无复流的影响研究。方法选择2021年5月~2023年2月间收治的行PCI治疗的STEMI患者86例。根据随机分组原则分为对照组和观察组,各组43例。两组均采取PCI治疗,术中给予普通肝素钠、替罗非班,对照组注入rhPro-UK进行常规溶栓。观察组由犯罪血管远端到近端注入rhPro-UK进行逆行溶栓。比较两组术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、2 h ST段回落率(STR)、冠脉无复流及慢血流(NR/SF)发生率,术后住院期间B型利钠肽(BNP)、肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、左室射血分数(LVEF),随访3个月,比较两组TIMI大出血事件及主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)发生率。结果观察组PCI术后TIMI血流分级优于对照组,STR回落率高于对照组,NR/SF发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后住院期间BNP峰值、cTnI峰值均低于对照组,LVEF峰值高于对照组(P<0.05);两组随访期间均未发生TIMI大出血,观察组MACEs发生率(心衰再住院2例)低于对照组(心源性死亡1例,心衰再住院8例),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论替罗非班联合重组人尿激酶原预处理逆行溶栓可显著改善STEMI患者PCI术后血流复流情况及左室射血功能,降低冠脉无复流及慢血流与不良心血管事件等发生率,且不增加出血风险。

心肌梗死溶栓危险指数、全身免疫炎症指数及营养控制状态评分对急性心肌梗死介入治疗预后的预测价值

目的:探讨心肌梗死溶栓危险指数(TRI)、全身免疫炎症指数(SII)及营养控制状态评分(CONUT)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)预后的预测价值。方法:选取182例行PCI的AMI患者为研究对象,根据随访1年不同预后将患者分为预后良好组(n=143)和预后不良组(n=39)。采用单因素及多因素分析AMI患者PCI治疗预后不良的风险因素;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估TRI、SII、CONUT评分及三者联合对预后不良的预测效能。结果:单因素分析显示,两组患者年龄、合并糖尿病情况、Killip分级、心率、收缩压(SBP)、血清白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、血小板计数、中性粒细胞计数、TRI、SII、CONUT评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,心率、中性粒细胞计数、TRI、SII、CONUT评分是AMI患者行PCI后预后不良的风险因素(P<0.05);血清白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数是其保护因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,TRI、SII、CONUT评分单独及联合预测AMI患者行PCI后预后不良的敏感度分别为61.5%、76.9%、66.7%、84.6%,特异度分别为72.7%、90.9%、85.3%、92.3%。结论:AMI患者行PCI治疗预后不良受较多因素影响,可将TRI、SII、CONUT评分联合检测作为预测AMI患者行PCI治疗预后不良的辅助手段。

急诊处理措施对急性心肌梗死患者再灌注损伤及预后的影响

目的:探讨急诊处理措施对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者再灌注损伤及预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2020年2月—2022年2月广西壮族自治区南溪山医院收治的105例AMI患者的临床资料,根据行不同急诊处理措施将行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的84例患者设为急诊PCI组,将实施急诊溶栓治疗的21例患者设为急诊溶栓组。比较两组患者的一般资料、症状发作到首次医疗接触(S2FMC)时间、初次医疗接触至再灌注开始时间(急诊PCI组患者为初次医疗接触至植入球囊扩张时间,即FMC2B;急诊溶栓组患者为初次医疗接触至溶栓开始时间,即FMC2N)、患者出院后随访半年内的左心室射血分数(LVEF)和心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果:急诊PCI组患者S2FMC时间短于急诊溶栓组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);急诊PCI组FMC2B/FMC2N长于急诊溶栓组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),FMC2B/FMC2N符合指南标准时间率为59.52%,明显高于急诊溶栓组的19.05%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。急诊PCI组患者出院后半年的LVEF为(56.84±3.65)%,明显高于急诊溶栓组的(51.72±3.24)%,MACE发生率为17.86%,显著低于急诊溶栓组的38.10%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于AMI患者,按照中国胸痛中心处理流程进行急诊处理,对患者采用不同急诊处理措施的S2FMC并无明显差异,但从整体效果来看,对急性心肌梗死患者直接实施PCI,能有效改善预后。

高龄急性心肌梗死患者心脏超声及冠脉造影的临床特点研究

目的分析高龄急性心肌梗死患者经心脏超声、冠脉造影检查的临床特点。方法选取2020年7月—2021年8月江苏省宿迁市中医院50例高龄急性心肌梗死患者,入院后均实施心脏超声、冠脉造影检查,按心肌梗死类型分为观察组(30例,ST段抬高心肌梗死)、对照组(20例,非ST段抬高心肌梗死),分析其检查结果及临床特点。结果观察组单支血管病变率(20.00%)低于对照组(50.00%),多支血管病变率(53.33%)、侧支循环率(36.67%)、冠脉狭窄≥70%(83.33%)高于对照组;观察组左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)<50%、左心房内径≥39 mm、左心室内径≥50 mm、LVEF、左心房内径(left atrium diameter,LAD)、左心室的短轴缩短率(short-axis shortening rate of left ventricle,FS)与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心脏超声与冠脉造影检查后均可显示高龄急性心肌梗死发生后的心脏结构变化情况,通过对心脏功能的评估及病情的诊断,可协助医师选择合理的治疗方案,从而确保整体治疗效果。

冠脉CT血管造影对急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的诊断价值

目的探究冠状动脉CT血管造影(CTA)对急性下壁心肌梗死(AIMI)罪犯血管的诊断价值。方法选取成都市第三人民医院2019年1月到2021年12月收治的109例疑似AIMI患者,以数字减影血管造影(DSA)诊断结果作为“金标准”,对比分析CTA对AIMI罪犯血管的检出情况及不同罪犯血管的诊断价值。结果入组患者经临床诊断及冠状动脉造影术检查确诊为AIMI者99例,CTA诊断AIMI患者敏感度为93.94%(93/99),特异度为80.00%(8/10),准确率为92.66%(101/109),Kappa值为0.627;CTA检出罪犯血管的敏感度为88.06%(118/134),特异度为95.07%(212/223),准确率为92.44%(330/357),Kappa值为0.838;CTA定位右冠状动脉罪犯血管的准确率为90.29%(93/103),定位左冠状动脉回旋支罪犯血管的准确率为80.65%(25/31);经CTA成像显示:罪犯血管内非钙化与混合斑块发生率明显高于非罪犯血管(P<0.05);中重度狭窄血管内非钙化与混合斑块发生率明显高于轻度狭窄血管(P<0.05)。结论CTA可清晰显示冠状动脉血管狭窄程度及管腔内斑块特性,操作简易且无创伤,对AIMI罪犯血管有较高的诊断价值。

血管内超声与冠状动脉造影指导的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的:系统评价血管内超声(intravascular ultrasound,IVUS)与冠状动脉造影指导的经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效和安全性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆、CBM、CNKI、维普数据库和万方数据库,纳入血管内超声在急性心肌梗死PCI治疗中应用的相关临床研究,采用RevMan5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入9篇满足要求的临床研究,共计39 302例患者。Meta分析结果显示:与冠状动脉造影指导的急性心肌梗死PCI治疗相比,IVUS指导PCI的主要心血管不良事件(OR=0.80,95%CI:0.74~0.86,P <0.00001)、心源性死亡(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.48~0.85,P=0.002)、心肌梗死(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.74~0.99,P=0.04)、支架内血栓(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.49~0.88,P=0.005)、靶血管血运重建(OR=0.80,95%CI:0.68~0.93,P=0.005)、全因死亡(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.58~0.80,P <0.00001)的发生率均降低;两组靶病变血运重建(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.77~1.06,P=0.22)发生率的差异无统计学意义。结论:IVUS指导急性心肌梗死的PCI治疗是安全有效的,可进一步优化急性心肌梗死患者的PCI治疗,达到改善患者预后作用。

冠状动脉溶栓及早期PCI术后LVEF变化规律及对预后的影响

目的探讨左室射血分数(LVEF)指标和急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者冠状动脉溶栓及经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗预后的关系。方法选取本院2018年3月—2021年3月发病12 h内冠状动脉溶栓和进行PCI手术的140例STEMI患者作为研究对象,根据冠状动脉溶栓及PCI手术后是否发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)将其分为预后不良组(58例)和预后良好组(82例)。比较两组患者的一般资料,利用多因素Logistic回归方法分析患者产生预后不良的因素,绘制相关的列线图模型并评价。结果年龄、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、N端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、LVEF、肌钙蛋白(TnI)、血肌酐(Scr)与STEMI具有密切相关性,其中年龄、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、NT-proBNP、CRP、TnI、Scr均为STEMI发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05),LVEF为STEMI发生的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论本研究建立的列线图模型能有效预测STEMI患者冠状动脉溶栓及PCI术预后情况,临床上应加强对LVEF水平的监护,提高患者LVEF水平。

急性冠状动脉综合征经皮冠状动脉介入术后主要不良心脏事件的预测研究

目的 探讨休克指数(shock index, SI)联合心肌梗死溶栓(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, TIMI)风险指数对急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome, ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后发生主要不良心脏事件(major adverse cardiac events, MACE)的预测价值。方法 选取2021年7月至2022年3月在张家口市第一医院收治的ACS并进行PCI的患者,依据是否发生MACE分为发生组和未发生组,对发生MACE的影响因素进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析。以ROC曲线评估SI联合TIMI风险指数对ACS患者PCI后发生MACE的预测价值。结果 共纳入114例患者,其中男91例,女23例;发生组21例,未发生组93例,MACE的发生率为18.42%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄越大(OR=2.798,95%CI:1.049~7.465,P=0.018)、左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)越低(OR=0.354,95%CI:0.131~0.958,P=0.015)、SI越高(OR=3.536,95%CI:1.326~9.433,P <0.001)及TIMI风险指数越高(OR=3.350,95%CI:1.256~8.937,P=0.002)的ACS患者,PCI后发生MACE的风险越高。ROC曲线结果显示,SI预测ACS患者PCI术后预后的AUC为0.702(95%CI:0.610~0.785,P <0.05),诊断灵敏度为0.7143,特异性为0.7527;TIMI风险指数预测ACS患者PCI术后预后的AUC为0.729(95%CI:0.639~0.807,P <0.05),诊断灵敏度为0.7619,特异性为0.6559;两者联合对ACS患者PCI术后预后进行预测的AUC为0.856(95%CI:0.779~0.917,P <0.05),诊断灵敏度为0.6667,特异性为0.9786。结论 SI联合TIMI风险指数对ACS患者PCI后近期发生MACE的预测价值较高。