The Effect of Comfort Nursing on the Compliance and Efficacy of Treatment for Children with Acute Otitis Media Caused by Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Objective:To explore and analyze the clinical effect of comfort nursing on children with acute otitis media.Methods:62 children with acute otitis media caused by upper respiratory tract infection who visited the outpatient clinic of our hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were selected for this study.They were divided into a study group(n=31)and a control group(n=31).Children in the control group received basic care,while children in the study group received comfort nursing along with basic care.The hearing thresholds,body temperature,treatment compliance,and nursing satisfaction of the two groups of children were compared.Results:After the nursing intervention,the hearing threshold and average body temperature of the children in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05);the treatment compliance of the children in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);the nursing satisfaction of the study group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comfort nursing can improve the treatment effect,treatment compliance,and nursing satisfaction of children with children with acute otitis media caused by upper respiratory tract infection.

Urine microscopy and neutrophilelymphocyte ratio are early predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with urinary tract infection

Objective:Urinary tract infection(UTI)is a common cause of morbidity and hospitalisation in the population worldwide.Upper UTI is indolent and causes subclinical acute kidney injury(AKI)resulting in preventable cause of scarring of renal parenchyma.We explored urinary and serum levels of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),haematological parameters and quantitative urine microscopy parameters to predict kidney injury.Methods:Neutrophilelymphocyte ratio(NLR)is obtained by dividing absolute neutrophil count with absolute lymphocyte count.Quantitative urine sediment microscopy was performed and correlated with clinical,biochemical and haematological findings to predict AKI in patients with UTI.Quantitative ELISA was performed for serum and urine levels of KIM-1.Seventy two adult patients with UTI were enrolled,45 of whom had AKI while 27 were in the non-AKI group.Results:NLR(p=0.005)and renal tubular epithelial cell-granular cast score in quantitative urine microscopy(p=0.008)are strong predictors of AKI in patients with UTI while rest of quantitative urine microscopy parameters and serum and urinary levels of KIM-1 molecule were not found to be useful in prediction of AKI.Conclusion:NLR in haemogram is a novel and useful biomarker for predicting AKI in patients with UTI.

Effectiveness and Safety of Jinye Baidu Granules(金叶败毒颗粒)for Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Jinye Baidu Granules(金叶败毒颗粒)for acute upper respiratory tract infection(AURTI).Database such as CNKI,Wan-fang,VIP,Sino Med,Web of science,Clinical Trials gov,Medline、EMBASE,CENTRAL,Cochrane Library were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on Jinye Baidu Granules(金叶败毒颗粒)in treating AURTI from the estabslishment of the database to March 2019.A total of 2 reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and extracted material and the quality evaluation of the included studies.Quality evaluation adopted Cochrane Handbook 5.1 evaluation standards and tools.Rev Man5.3 was used to perform Meta-analysis for the adopted study.Finally a total of 4 RCTs involving 636 patients were included.Meta-analysis results showed that:compared with conventional Western medicine alone,Jinye Baidu Granules(金叶败毒颗粒)combined with Western medicine in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection can improve the total effective rate of clinical efficacy[RR=0.13,95%CI(0.06,0.29),P<0.00001],shorten the time of antipyretic time for acute upper respiratory tract infection[MD=–1.22,95%CI(–1.43,–1.00),P<0.00001],shorten the time of pharyngeal pain[MD=–1.97,95%CI(–2.97,–0.96),P<0.0001]and shorten the cough disappear time[MD=–1.97,95%CI(–2.97,–0.96),P<0.0001].There were 2 papers reporting adverse reactions during the study period,and one of them specifically reported diarrhea,nausea,vomiting and stomachache in the experimental group.In the control group:diarrhea,nausea and adverse reactions disappeared after drug withdrawal;the incidence of adverse reactions was 3.92%in the control group and 5.88%in the observation group.There was no significant difference between the 2 groups(P>0.05).Based on existing data and methods,the systematic evaluation showed that,compared with Western medicine alone,Jinye Baidu Granules(金叶败毒颗粒)combined with Western medicine alone could improve the total effective rate of clinical efficacy,reduce the time of fever,sore throat,and the disappearance of cough with less adverse reactions.However,due to the low quality of the included study,large samples,multicenter,randomized,double-blind trials and trials are still needed to randomized controlled trials with reference to the CONSORT standard and the STRICTA statement.

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF 42 CASES OF ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

We made clinical observations on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on acute upper respiratory tract infection and compared with the effect of paracetamol and Antondine, The result showed that acupuncture therapy could allay fever more rapidly than drugs, so long as the differentiation of syndromes is correct and the acupoint is selected properly.

Meta-analysis of the comparison between reduning injection and ribavirin injection for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children

Objective:To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of reduning injection in acute upper respiratory tract infection of children.Methods:Use computer to search PubMed,the Cochrane Library,EMBASE,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,Weipu database(VIP)and China Biomedical studies Service System(CBM)for randomized controlled trials(RCT)of acute upper respiratory tract infection in children,and the retrieval time is from their establishment to May,2022.After two researchers independently screened the studies,extracted data and evaluated the risk bias of studies,RevMan5.3 software was used to perform meta-analysis.Results:10 studies in total were included,involving 1466 patients.Results of the meta-analysis:total effective rate[RR=1.12,95%CI(1.07,1.16),P<0.00001],cure time[MD=-1.51,95%CI(-1.71,-1.32),P<0.00001],antipyretic time[MD=-1.32,95%CI(-1.72,-0.92),P<0.00001],disappearing time of nasal obstruction and nose running[MD=-1.04,95%CI(-1.45,-0.62),P<0.00001],disappearing time of cough[MD=-1.35,95%CI(-1.58,-1.13),P<0.00001],disappearing time of throat congestion[MD=-1.36,95%CI(-1.68,-1.03),P<0.00001],disappearing time of sore throat[MD=-1.55,95%CI(-1.74,-1.35),P<0.00001],the incidence of adverse reactions[RR=0.34,95%CI(0.20,0.57),P<0.0001].The differences between two groups in total effective rate,cure time,antipyretic time,disappearing time of nasal obstruction and nose running,disappearing time of cough,disappearing time of throat congestion,disappearing time of sore throat and the incidence of adverse reactions are all statistically significant(P<0.05).The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that three outcomes(total effective rate,cure time and disappearing time of sore throat)have unstable results,while others having stable results.Conclusion:Reduning injection is more effective than ribavirin injection in clinical,and it is better than ribavirin injection at relieving fever,nasal obstruction and nose running,cough and throat congestion.In addition,it’s safer in clinical than ribavirin injection.

Stroke Severity Is the Major Player in Post-Stroke Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with First Ever Ischemic Stroke

Background: Urinary tract infections UTIs occur repeatedly after stroke and are related to bad outcomes with increased rates of deterioration in neurological state during hospitalization, death or long term disability as well as increased length of hospitalization. Factors found to predict UTI include stroke severity, depressed consciousness level, increased post-void residual urine volume, and diabetes mellitus. Stroke severity appears to be the most important predictor of infection risk. We aimed to determine the risk factors associated with UTI after acute stroke, and its association with outcome. Subjects and Methods: This is prospective cohort study. We analysed clinical data of 100 patients with first ever ischemic stroke. We assessed risk factors for UTI, as well as clinical outcome. Results: Urinary tract infection was found in 72% of our subjects. On univariate analysis, patients with UTI were more likely to have had a more severe stroke, more likely to be catheterized and more likely to have a higher serum creatinine level. The multivariate analysis revealed that greater stroke severity was independently associated with increased risk of developing UTI. Greater stroke severity measured by CSS was independently associated with unfavorable outcome on discharge. Conclusion: UTI is common after acute stroke. It is associated with more severe stroke.

Study of Lipocalin-2 Associated with Neutrophilic Gelatinases (uNGAL) in the Urine in Children with the Microbial Inflammatory Diseases of Kidneys and Urinary Tract

Purpose of the study: Research of the clinical and diagnostic significance of determination of Lipocalin-2 associated with neutrophilic gelatinases (uNGAL) in the urine of children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and pyelonephritis. Materials and methods: We examined 30 children with acute pyelonephritis and UTI aged 1 to 16 years (average age 7.32 ± 4.52) including 26 girls and 4 boys. Verification of the diagnosis was conducted on the basis of clinical and laboratory data, medical history and instrumental examination of patients. All children were divided into 2 groups: 1st group—15 children with acute pyelonephritis, 2nd group—15 children with urinary tract infection. uNGAL was measured in the urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EISA) (BioVendor Laboratoty Medicine). Results: It is found, that the urine level of NGAL depends on the damage degree of renal parenchyma. The correlation of medium strength was found between the excretion level of uNGAL during the acute period of pyelonephritis and the detection of renal scars according to the DMSA-nephroscintigraphy data. In the group of children with the acute pyelonephritis the direct correlation of medium strength was found between the excretion level of uNGAL/creatinine and leukocytosis value and also with the CRP blood level. Conclusion: The results allow us to recommend the determination of the excretion level of uNGAL/creatinine as an additional non-invasive marker for the early detection of renal parenchyma injury.

Renal papillary necrosis with urinary tract obstruction:A case report

BACKGROUND Renal papillary necrosis(RPN)is a rare disease.It is difficult to distinguish RPN with urinary tract obstruction from upper urinary tract occupying lesions.We reported a case of RPN and made a definite diagnosis largely based upon its endoscopic characteristics.CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old woman presented with right flank pain,visible hematuria and a body temperature greater than 39℃.Laboratory investigations revealed leukocytosis with 12.7×10/L white blood cells and 93.6%neutrophils.Blood creatinine was 333 umol/L.Ultrasonography showed hydronephrosis of the right kidney and a right distal ureteric lesion.After urgent placement of right ureteral double J stent and treatment with antibiotics,the patient’s symptoms and the blood abnormalities improved rapidly.Computed tomography urography showed the presence of multiple occupying lesions in the right pelvis.The endoscopic ureteroscopy revealed that renal papillary necrosis and the subsequent migration of sloughed papillae into the upper ureter and calyces.The sloughed papillae appeared like“cottons”,which were whitish,soft,and irregularly-shaped without blood supply.In addition,the necrotic and sloughed renal papillae were removed by flexible ureteroscopy to prevent further obstruction.Pathological examination found that infarcted renal papillae were associated with inflammatory exudation.Three months after discharge,follow-up computed tomography urography showed no obvious lesions in the renal pelvis.CONCLUSION This case revealed the endoscopic features of RPN.In addition,flexible ureteroscopy proves to be vital in diagnosis and treatment of RPN.

血清LBP、CXCL-10对小儿急性上呼吸道细菌感染的鉴别诊断价值及其影响因素

目的探讨血清脂多糖结合蛋白(LBP)、血清CXC趋化因子配体-10(CXCL-10)对小儿急性上呼吸道细菌感染的鉴别诊断价值及其影响因素。方法将2021年7月至2022年6月该院收治的90例急性上呼吸道感染患儿纳入研究作为研究组。另选取同期于本院进行体检40例健康儿童作为健康组。根据痰液细菌培养结果将研究组患儿分为细菌感染组(51例)和非细菌感染组(39例)。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清LBP、CXCL-10水平。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清LBP、CXCL-10对小儿急性上呼吸道细菌感染的鉴别诊断价值。采用多因素Logistic回归分析小儿急性上呼吸道细菌感染的影响因素。结果研究组血清LBP、CXCL-10水平高于健康组(P<0.05)。细菌感染组血清LBP、CXCL-10水平高于非细菌感染组(P<0.05)。血清LBP、CXCL-10单独及联合用于诊断小儿急性上呼吸道细菌感染的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.779(95%CI:0.724~0.822)、0.843(95%CI:0.796~0.898)、0.906(95%CI:0.852~0.959)。细菌感染组家庭成员吸烟、铁元素缺乏、钙元素缺乏者所占比例、年均抗菌药使用次数、血清LBP、CXCL-10水平均高于非细菌感染患者(P<0.05)。Logistic多因素回归分析显示,年均抗菌药使用次数≥2次(OR=2.305,95%CI:1.483~3.582)、LBP≥104.26 ng/mL(OR=2.573,95%CI:1.446~4.578)、CXCL-10≥112.98 pg/mL(OR=1.208,95%CI:0.110~1.314)是小儿急性上呼吸道细菌感染的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论血清LBP、CXCL-10水平升高与儿童急性上呼吸道细菌感染密切相关,可作为鉴别诊断急性上呼吸道细菌感染的指标且二者联合诊断的效能更高。

华西广医1号急性毒性、鼻黏膜刺激性和增强免疫功能的研究

为初步了解拟开发医院雾化制剂华西广医1号的安全性和有效性,通过小鼠急性毒性试验、大鼠鼻黏膜刺激性试验和增强免疫功能的药效学试验方法研究了华西广医1号安全性和药效。结果表明:以0.34 g/mL药液24 h内雾化给药,对小鼠无明显急性毒性;对大鼠经鼻腔给药无明显刺激性;以0.068 g/mL雾化给药,有升高幼龄小鼠的胸腺指数的作用趋势;可升高环磷酰胺致免疫功能低下小鼠的巨噬细胞碳粒廓清指数K、校正指数α和外周血白细胞数目(white blood cell,WBC),红细胞数目(red blood cell,RBC)和血红蛋白浓度(hemoglobin,HGB)水平,并可升高溶血素值。可见,华西广医1号雾化给药小鼠的最大给药量为34 g/kg,无明显鼻黏膜刺激性,0.068 g/mL雾化给药有增强免疫功能,可用于预防上呼吸道感染。

1例血清T_(3)、FT_(3)值异常增高病例分析

1例行常规体检患者三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_(3))、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT_(3))异常增高,48h后再次采集患者空腹静脉血发现T_(3)、FT_(3)检测值回落,通过重复测定,不同实验室的仪器设备进行比对,排除检测错误。经讨论,该病例可能为轻型不典型亚急性甲状腺炎,但T_(3)、FT_(3)结果异常增高,T_(4)、FT_(4)、TSH、ATG、A-TPO正常,短时间再次采集静脉血检测T_(3)、FT_(3)值大部分回落,在临床极为少见,可提示临床持续观察检测,避免过度治疗。此外,需注意药物及内源性因素对检测结果产生的影响,避免误诊。

百蕊颗粒治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染疗效及安全性系统评价

目的系统评价百蕊颗粒治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染(AURTI)的疗效及安全性。方法通过计算机系统检索中国知网、万方数据与维普网数据库自建库至2022年9月有关百蕊颗粒治疗儿童AURTI的随机对照研究,并按照Cochrane质量评价标准对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评估,运用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入文献10篇,涉及患儿1257例。Meta分析显示百蕊颗粒组总有效率高于对照组(OR=4.26,95%CI:2.94~6.16,P<0.00001)。依据疾病类型、治疗疗程进行亚组分析,结果显示,疱疹性咽峡炎患者与非疱疹性咽峡炎患者百蕊颗粒组总有效率均高于对照组(OR=5.34,95%CI:3.23~8.84,P<0.00001;OR=3.12,95%CI:1.80~5.42,P<0.0001);疗程3~5 d与6~7 d百蕊颗粒组总有效率均高于对照组(OR=5.24,95%CI:3.20~8.59,P<0.00001;OR=3.14,95%CI:1.79~5.52,P<0.0001)。百蕊颗粒组退热时间、咽喉部症状消退时间短于对照组(MD=-1.23,95%CI:-1.78~-0.68,P<0.0001;MD=-1.38,95%CI:-1.65~-1.11,P<0.00001)。百蕊颗粒组与对照组不良反应总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(OR=2.09,95%CI:0.69~6.33,P=0.19)。结论百蕊颗粒治疗儿童AURTI疗效较好,且不会增加不良反应。

釜底抽薪散外敷涌泉穴佐治儿童急性上呼吸道感染发热疗效观察

目的:观察釜底抽薪散外敷涌泉穴佐治儿童急性上呼吸道感染发热的临床疗效。方法:将120例急性上呼吸道感染患儿按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各60例。对照组给予抗感染、止咳化痰、补液等常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用釜底抽薪散外敷涌泉穴。观察并记录患儿一般资料、临床疗效、退热效果及不良反应发生情况等。结果:观察组不良反应轻微,总有效率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);痊愈率为58.3%,高于对照组的38.3%(P<0.05);治疗后退热起效时间、体温首次降至正常时间、完全退热时间、口服退热药次数、中性粒细胞百分比、血清淀粉样蛋白A均短于或低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:釜底抽薪散外敷涌泉穴联合常规西医方案治疗儿童急性上呼吸道感染,对发热的疗效确切,可增强退热效果、缩短退热时间、减少退热药使用频次,促进患儿康复。

以中医症状评分为指标应用TreeAge Pro对金叶败毒颗粒治疗急性上呼吸道感染的药物经济性评价

目的:探索以中医症状评分为指标应用Tree Age Pro对金叶败毒颗粒治疗急性上呼吸道感染的经济性评价。方法:以治疗前后咽痛单症状计分差值和咽喉疼痛症状总计分差值2个指标评价2组治疗方案的经济性。结果:对于“治疗5天后咽痛单症状计分差值”,计算达到临床意义界值需多花费92.82元,约为2021年人均可支配收入的0.26%;对于“治疗5天后咽喉疼痛症状总计分差值”,计算达到临床意义界值需多花费100.94元,约为2021年人均可支配收入的0.29%。结论:基于2021年人均可支配收入作为患者支付意愿阈值的假设,急性上呼吸道感染患者使用金叶败毒颗粒治疗方案比使用复方双花颗粒治疗方案更具有经济性。以中医症状评分为指标开展金叶败毒颗粒治疗急性上呼吸道感染的经济学评价,更适用于中医药临床实际应用,为临床医生决策提供最优方案,同时为中医药经济学研究提供更符合中医药特色的新指标。

通淋解毒化热方结合敏感抗生素治疗急性泌尿系感染临床疗效及对炎症因子的影响

目的观察通淋解毒化热方结合敏感抗生素治疗急性泌尿系感染的临床疗效及对炎症因子影响。方法选取2020年5月—2022年4月医院收治的91例急性泌尿系感染患者,以随机数字表法分为对照组(45例)和观察组(46例),对照组根据药敏试验予敏感抗生素治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予通淋解毒化热方治疗,观察比较两组患者细菌清除率、临床疗效、中医症状积分(小便频急不畅、血尿、小腹拘急、腰部酸痛等)变化、平均尿菌转阴时间、尿路刺激征消失时间及体温恢复正常时间、降钙素原(PCT)和C反应蛋白(CRP)及白细胞计数(WBC)水平等炎症因子指标变化、不良反应、治疗3个月与6个月疾病复发次数。结果观察组患者细菌清除率及总有效率均比对照组患者更高,P<0.05;治疗前两组患者中医症状积分,PCT、CRP、WBC等炎症因子指标比较,P>0.05,治疗后两组患者中医症状积分,PCT、CRP、WBC等炎症因子指标均较治疗前降低,P<0.05,且观察组明显低于对照组,P<0.05;观察组平均尿菌转阴时间、尿路刺激征消失时间及体温恢复正常时间均短于对照组,P<0.05;观察组治疗后3个月与治疗后6个月疾病复发次数均少于对照组,P<0.05;两组均未见明显不良反应发生。结论通淋解毒化热方结合敏感抗生素治疗急性泌尿系感染的临床疗效显著,患者细菌清除率高,症状改善,炎症因子水平降低,无不良反应,值得应用。

上尿路结石术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染列线图风险预测模型的构建

目的:探讨上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的危险因素,并构建其列线图风险预测模型。方法:回顾性收集2020年7月-2022年6月某三级甲等综合医院收治的216例上尿路结石并留置双J管病人,根据双J管相关性尿路感染的发病情况将其分为感染组与非感染组,采用单因素分析、Logistic回归分析上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的危险因素,构建列线图风险预测模型并评价该模型的实际效用。结果:上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染29例(13.43%)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并糖尿病、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和肾积水程度是上尿路结石病人术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的独立危险因素。列线图风险预测模型内部验证结果显示,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验χ^(2)=6.981,P=0.639,ROC曲线下面积为0.853[95%CI(0.774,0.934)]。结论:构建的列线图风险预测模型具有良好的预警作用,为医护人员早期识别上尿路结石术后并发双J管相关性尿路感染的高危人群,及时采取有效的预防措施降低感染率提供依据。

降钙素原及C反应蛋白联合肾盂积液CT值对尿源性脓毒血症的早期诊断价值

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)及C-反应蛋白(CRP)联合肾盂积液CT值对尿源性脓毒血症的早期诊断价值。方法回顾性选取2020年7月至2022年10月我院收治的137例上尿路感染患者,其中确诊为脓毒血症或脓毒性休克者94例(研究组),急性肾盂肾炎者43例(对照组)。测定两组的实验室指标及肾盂积液CT值。比较两组患者的白细胞计数(WBC)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、PCT、CRP水平及肾盂积液CT值;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线并计算曲线下面积(AUC),判断血清PCT、CRP、肾盂积液CT值及三者联合检测对尿源性脓毒血症的诊断效能。结果研究组的WBC低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的Cr、BUN水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组的PCT、CRP水平及肾盂积液CT值高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,三者联合诊断尿源性脓毒血症的AUC为0.894,明显高于血清PCT、CRP及肾盂积液CT值单一诊断(AUC=0.731、0.625、0.778,P<0.05);三者联合诊断的灵敏度为74.90%,特异度为90.68%。结论血清PCT、CRP及肾盂积液CT值三者联合诊断尿源性脓毒血症的效能较高,可作为尿源性脓毒血症早期诊断的有效参考指标,指导临床早期干预,改善患者预后。

左氧氟沙星联合头孢唑肟钠治疗急性单纯性上尿路感染的单中心回顾性研究

目的探讨左氧氟沙星联合头孢唑肟钠治疗急性单纯性上尿路感染的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2019年6月至2023年6月铜陵市人民医院急诊内科收治的急性单纯性上尿路感染患者86例病例资料,按治疗方案不同分为左氧氟沙星组(n=29)、头孢唑肟钠组(n=30)及联合组(n=27)。左氧氟沙星组予以初始剂量0.5 g乳酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液静脉输注,1次/d。头孢唑肟钠组予以初始剂量2.0 g注射用头孢唑肟钠混合100 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液静脉输注,2次/d。两组均待3 d病情稳定且经药物敏感试验培养呈阴性,继续口服用药治疗2周。联合组即在左氧氟沙星治疗基础上联合头孢唑肟钠治疗,治疗方法同左氧氟沙星组及头孢唑肟钠组。比较3组的临床疗效,症状改善情况,治疗前、治疗2周后的炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]水平及不良反应。结果联合组总有效率为96.30%,均高于左氧氟沙星组(65.51%)、头孢唑肟钠组(66.67%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组的腰痛消失时间、尿路刺激征消失时间及退热时间分别为(9.46±2.61)、(5.49±1.52)、(3.19±0.96)d,均短于左氧氟沙星组[(12.05±3.58)、(7.24±1.86)、(4.12±1.09)d]及头孢唑肟钠组[(11.86±3.75)、(7.19±1.93)、(4.05±1.01)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组治疗2周后的TNF-α、CRP及IL-6水平均较治疗前有所降低,且联合组治疗后TNF-α、CRP及IL-6水平分别为(23.37±7.62)pg/mL、(6.82±1.02)mg/L、(51.67±8.92)ng/L,均低于左氧氟沙星组[(39.40±8.26)pg/mL、(8.21±1.41)mg/L、(70.24±10.38)ng/L]及头孢唑肟钠组[(38.72±8.17)pg/mL、(8.05±1.36)mg/L、(71.25±10.24)ng/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组总不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论急性单纯性上尿路感染患者应用左氧氟沙星联合头孢唑肟钠可有效改善临床症状,减轻炎症反应,且不增加并发症发生风险,具有一定安全性。

三焦玄府理论结合辨体论治观察高原居民急性上呼吸道感染伴高热的疗效

目的:观察高原地区居民基于三焦玄府理论结合辨体论治思想,使用中药联合刺络放血治疗急性上呼吸道感染(AURI)伴高热的临床疗效。方法:选取2023年1月至2023年3月色达县人民医院收治的100例AURI伴高热的患者,按照治疗方式不同分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组患者给予常规抗病毒及吸氧、止咳、水电解质平衡等治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上接受中药联合刺络放血治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效、治疗前后中医证候积分、开始退热时间、发热总时间、退热后复发热比率、血清炎症因子水平及不良反应发生率。结果:观察组患者治疗总有效率高于对照组,不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者中医证候积分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者退热后发热率低于对照组,退热时间和退热起效时间短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素–6(IL–6)水平低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在高原地区基于三焦玄府理论结合辨体论治思想,使用中药联合刺络放血治疗AURI伴高热的患者,治愈率高,退热速度快,可以有效降低血清炎症因子水平,安全性高。

生理性海盐水鼻腔冲洗对降低幼儿园中班儿童急性上呼吸道感染发生率有效性和安全性的随机对照试验

背景学龄前儿童入幼儿园期间集体生活易引起较高的急性上呼吸道感染(AURTIs)的发生率。目的探讨生理性海盐水鼻腔冲洗对预防入幼儿园健康儿童发生AURTIs的效果研究,为托幼机构做好卫生保健提供理论基础。设计单中心RCT。方法以幼儿园中班健康儿童为研究对象,以班级为单位进行整群随机抽样分组,本研究实施过程不设盲。干预组予常温下使用生理性海盐水喷雾洗鼻液及喷雾器行鼻腔护理,每日入园前和出园前各喷雾1次,持续一个学期中的在园日(96天192次)。根据2023年版《鼻腔盐水冲洗在儿童上呼吸道感染的应用专家共识》推荐的操作方法。对照组班级每天不在入园和出园时有组织地干预。幼儿园保健医生登记每天2次鼻腔冲洗记录及不良反应,中断鼻冲洗时间、首次AURTIs上报时间,鼻部症状开始时间、缓解时间和消失时间,退出研究时间。数据剔除标准:CRF表中记录干预组中断鼻腔冲洗时间≥1周(包含周六和周日)的儿童;请假天数超过研究期间应上学天数的20%以上(≥19 d)的儿童;入组后中途退出(如转学等)的儿童;CRF表记录的研究期间有病历为依据的因非AURTIs疾病使用抗生素、抗病毒或抗支原体感染药物的儿童;CRF表中记录的首次发生AURTI或鼻部症状未在24 h内上报幼儿园的儿童。主要结局指标AURTIs发生率(入组48 h后首次发生AURTI人数/入组人数)。结果符合本研究纳入和排除标准的幼儿园中班儿童234名进入本文分析,干预组120名,对照组114名,两组儿童在性别、年龄、体重和实际在园天数差异均无统计学意义。干预组较对照组儿童在研究期间AURTIs发生率[55(45.8%)vs 81(71.0%)]和AURTIs平均次数[(0.7±1.0)vs(1.4±1.3)]差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组男童女童、对照组男童女童AURTIs发生率差异均无统计学意义,干预组较对照组男童和女童AURTIs发生率差异均有统计学意义。干预组较对照组儿童首次出现鼻部症状的缓解时间[(2.3±1.0)d vs(2.8±0.9)d]和消失时间[(5.4±1.1)d vs(5.8±1.0)d]差异均有统计学意义。干预组3例发生轻微鼻出血,因儿童能耐受,故继续鼻腔冲洗干预,均未发生鼻部刺激感和耳痛等不良反应。结论生理性海盐水鼻腔喷雾冲洗护理可降低入幼儿园健康儿童AURTIs发生率及发生次数,同时可有效缓解AURTIs鼻部症状,缩短症状存在时间,临床操作简单方便,不良反应少。