An Introduction to AdS/CFT Correspondence for Phenomenologists

We give a brief introduction to the AdS/CFT correspondence and its application to QCD physics,especiallyits application in the study of quark-gluon-plasma (QGP)formed in the relativistic heavy ion collision (RHIC).Thisreview is based on the talks given in several schools and programs for the phenomenologists working on nuclear physicsand particle physics.

How to Explicitly Calculate Feynman and Wheeler Propagators in the ADS/CFT Correspondence

We discuss, giving all necessary details, the boundary-bulk propagators. We do it for a scalar field, with and without mass, for both the Feynman and the Wheeler cases. Contrary to standard procedure, we do not need here to appeal to any unfounded conjecture (as done by other authors). Emphasize that we do not try to modify standard ADS/CFT procedures, but use them to evaluate the corresponding Feynman and Wheeler propagators. Our present calculations are original in the sense of being the first ones undertaken explicitly using distributions theory (DT). They are carried out in two instances: 1) when the boundary is a Euclidean space and 2) when it is of Minkowskian nature. In this last case we compute also three propagators: Feynman’s, Anti-Feynman’s, and Wheeler’s (half advanced plus half retarded). For an operator corresponding to a scalar field we explicitly obtain, for the first time ever, the two points’ correlations functions in the three instances above mentioned. To repeat, it is not our intention here to improve on ADS/CFT theory but only to employ it for evaluating the corresponding Wheeler’s propagators.

Hua operator on vector bundle: Application to AdS/CFT correspondence of Dirac fields

Hua's theory of harmonic functions on classical domains is generalized to the theory on holomorphic vector bundles over classical domains and further on vector bundles over the real classical domains and quaternion classical domains. In case of the simplest quaternion classical domain there is a relation between Hua operator and Dirac operator,by which an AdS/CFT correspondence of Dirac fields is established.

Surface growth approach for bulk reconstruction in the AdS/BCFT correspondence

In this study,we extend the surface growth approach for bulk reconstruction into the Ad S spacetime with a boundary in the Ad S/BCFT correspondence.We show that the geometry in the entanglement wedge with a boundary can be constructed from the direct growth of bulk extremal surfaces layer by layer.Furthermore,we observe that the surface growth configuration in BCFT can be connected with the defect multi scale entanglement renormalization ansatz(MERA)tensor network.Additionally,we investigate the entanglement of purification within the surface growth process,which not only reveals more refined structure of entanglement entropy in the entanglement wedge but also suggests a selection rule for surface growth in the bulk reconstruction.

Moduli Space of IIB Superstring and SUYM in AdS5 × S^5

This paper consists of two parts. In part I, we interpret the hidden symmetry of the moduli space of lib superstring on AdS5× S^5 in terms of the chiral embedding in AdS5, which turns out to be the CP^3 conformal affine Toda model. We review how the position μ of poles in the Riemann-Hilbert formulation of dressing transformation and the value of loop parameter μ in the vertex operator of affine algebra determine the moduli space of the soliton solutions, which describes the moduli space of the Green-Schwarz superstring. We show also how this affine SU（4） symmetry affinizes the conformal symmetry in the twistor space, and how a soliton string corresponds to a Robinson congruence with twist and dilation spin coefficients μ of twistor. In part Ⅱ by extending the dressing symmetric a.ction of lib string in AdS5×S^5 to the D3 brane, we find a gauged WZW aztion of Higgs Yang-Mills field including the 2-cocycle of axially anomaly. The left and right twistor structures of left and right a-planes glue into an ambitwistor. The symmetry group of Nahm equations is centrally extended to an affine group, thus we explain why the spectral curve is given by affine Toda.

Holographic Einstein ring of a charged Rastall AdS black hole with bulk electromagnetic field

We study the Einstein images of a charged Rastall AdS black hole(BH)within the fabric of AdS/CFT correspondence.Considering the holographic setup,we analyze the amplitude of the total response function for various values of model parameters.With an increase in parameterλand temperature T,the amplitude of the response function decreases,while it increases with an increase in electric charge e and chemical potentialμ.The influence of frequencyωalso plays an important role in the bulk field,as it is found that decreasingωleads to an increase in the periods of the waves,which means that the amplitude of the response function also depends on the wave source.The relation between T and the inverse of the horizon for various values of parameterλis interpreted under fixed values of other involved parameters.These,in turn,affect the behavior of the response function and the Einstein ring,which may be used to differentiate the present study from previous ones.We construct the holographic images of the BH in bulk via a special optical system.The results show that the Einstein ring always appears with concentric stripes at the position of the north pole,and this ring transforms into a luminosity-deformed ring or bright light spot when the distant observer lies away from the north pole.Finally,we discuss the influence of the associated parameters on the Einstein ring radius,which is consistent with wave optics.

Dynamics of holographic images of scalar-tensor-vector gravity-AdS black holes

Using AdS/CFT correspondence,we analyze the holographic Einstein images via the response function of the complex scalar field as a probe wave on an AdS Schwarzschild scalar-tensor-vector gravity(STVG)black hole(BH).We find that the amplitude of the response function||decreases with increasing values of coupling parameter a and increases with decreasing temperature T.The frequencyωof the wave source also plays a significant role in wave periods;as we increase the values ofω,the periods of waves decrease,indicating that the total response function closely depends on the wave source.Further,we investigate the optical appearance of the holographic images of the BH in bulk.We found that the holographic ring always appears with surrounding concentric stripes when the observer is located at the north pole,and an extremely bright ring appears when the observer is at the position of the photon sphere of the BH.This ring changes into a luminosity-deformed ring or a bright light spot as the observational angle changes.The corresponding brightness profiles show that the luminosity of the ring decreases and the shadow radius increases with increasing values of a.The relation between temperature T and the inverse of the horizonh_e is discussed;T is small at the beginning of the horizon he and then increases as the horizon radius increases.This effect can be used to distinguish the STVG BH solution from other BH solutions.Moreover,these significant features are also reflected in the Einstein ring and corresponding brightness profiles.In addition,we compare the results obtained by wave optics and geometric optics,which align well,implying that the holographic scheme adopted in this study is valid.

Holographic images of an AdS black hole within the framework of f(R) gravity theory

Based on the AdS/CFT correspondence,this study employs an oscillating Gaussian source to numerically study the holographic images of an AdS black hole under f(R)gravity using wave optics.Due to the diffraction of scalar wave,it turns out that one can clearly observed the interference patten of the absolute amplitude of response function on the AdS boundary.Furthermore,it is observed that its peak increases with the f(R)parameterαbut decreases with the global monopoleη,frequencyω,and horizon r_(h).More importantly,the results reveal that the holographic Einstein ring is a series of concentric striped patterns for an observer at the North Pole and that their center is analogous to a Poisson-Arago spot.This ring can evolve into a luminosity-deformed ring or two light spots when the observer is at a different position.According to geometrical optics,it is true that the size of the brightest holographic ring is approximately equal to that of the photon sphere,and the two light spots correspond to clockwise and anticlockwise light rays.In addition,holographic images for different values of black holes and optical system parameters were obtained,and different features emerged.Finally,we conclude that the holographic rings of the AdS black hole in modified gravities are more suitable and helpful for testing the existence of a gravity dual for a given material.

Comparing AdS/CFT dipole model to HERA F_2 data

We apply an AdS/CFT-inspired color-dipole model which contains only three free parameters to describe the HERA data for the inclusive structure function F 2 at small Bjorken-x and virtuality.We found that the saturation scale in our AdS/CFT-based parameterization varies in the range of 1 ÷ 3 GeV becoming independent of energy/Bjorken-x at very small x.This leads to the prediction of x-independence of the structure functions at very small x.With the fitted parameters in our model,the predictions for F 2,longitudinal structure function,charm structure function and total photo-production cross-sections in the kinematic regions of future experiments can be given.

Static Dielectric Function and Interaction Potential in Strong Coupling with AdS/CFT

In this paper, we study the static dielectric function and interaction potential in strong coupling limit with AdS/CFT correspondence. The dielectric function is depressed compared with that in weak coupling. The interaction potential then presents a weaker screening characteristics in strong coupling, which indicates a smaller Debye mass compared with weak coupling.

Charm structure functions and gluon shadowing effects with the AdS/CFT model

By means of the UGD function extracted from an AdS/CFT inspired saturation model, the charm and bottom structure functions are studied in fixed-order perturbation theory. It is shown that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the recent HERA data. Then, this UGD function is also used to investigate net-kaon rapidity distribution in Au＋Au collisions at RHIC energies and the theoretical results fit well to the BRAHMS data. In the end of this paper, we give the predicted results for nuclear charm structure function at very small x where the popular shadowing parameterizations are invalid.

A Solution to the Cosmological Constant Problem Using the Holographic Principle (A Brief Note)

This paper integrates a quantum conception of the Planck epoch early universe with FSC model formulae and the holographic principle, to offer a reasonable explanation and solution of the cosmological constant problem. Such a solution does not appear to be achievable in cosmological models which do not integrate black hole formulae with quantum formulae such as the Stephan-Boltzmann law. As demonstrated herein, assuming a constant value of Lambda over the great span of cosmic time appears to have been a mistake. It appears that Einstein’s assumption of a constant, in terms of vacuum energy density, was not only a mistake for a statically-balanced universe, but also a mistake for a dynamically-expanding universe.

乌梅丸治疗溃疡性结肠炎方证相应的实验研究

目的:研究中医经典名方乌梅丸及加味方治疗UC在抗炎药效机理方面的中医方证相应依据。方法:建立大鼠UC两种类型模型,用研究方干预,取结肠病变组织,用ELISA法测定与抗炎药效密切相关因子IL-6、IL-10、TNFα和PGE2及用Westen Bloting法测定ICAM-1表达程度。结果:大鼠化学性刺激模型中乌梅丸、乌梅丸加味、芍药汤均影响相关因子(P<0.01,P<0.05),具有一定的抗炎药效,但各复方间差异不显著;而在大鼠免疫化学性复合模型中乌梅丸及加味方均明显影响和调节不同因子,其强度有显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.05),同时ICAM-1表达程度也有差异。结论:乌梅丸及加味方和芍药汤在抗炎药效及机理方面存在一定程度的中医方证相应关系。

Holographic p-Wave Superconductors in Quintessence AdS Black Hole Spacetime

We construct a holographic p-wave superconductor model in the background of quintessence AdS black hole with an SU（2） Yang-Mills gauge field and then probe the effects of quintessence on the holographic p-wave superconduc- tor. We investigate the relation between the critical temperature and the state parameter of quintessence, and present the numerical results for electric conductivity. It is shown that the condensation of the vector field becomes harder as the absolute value of the state parameter increases. Unlike the scalar condensate in the s-wave model, the condensation of the vector field in p-wave model can occur in the total value range of the state parameter wq of quintessence. These results could help us know more about holographic superconductor and dark energy.

Holographic Schwinger effect in a soft wall AdS/QCD model

We perform a potential analysis for the holographic Schwinger effect in a deformed AdS5 model with conformal invariance broken by a background dilaton.We evaluated the static potential by analyzing the classical action of a string attached to a rectangular Wilson loop on a probe D3 brane located at an intermediate position in the bulk AdS space.We observed that the inclusion of the chemical potential tends to enhance the production rate,which is opposite to the effect of the confining scale.In addition,we calculated the critical electric field based on the Dirac-Born-Infeld(DBI)action.

欧盟及成员国应对烟草品牌延伸广告的立法概况及其启示

烟草品牌延伸广告是烟草商规避已有法律禁止性规定,间接为烟草产品做广告的一种手段。在我国已批准世界卫生组织《控制烟草框架公约》的背景下,借鉴欧盟及主要成员国禁止烟草品牌延伸广告的相关立法,以完善我国现有法律法规。

Lifshitz引力中的全息p波超导体

在探子极限下,通过数值方法研究了Lifshitz参数z对超导体相变的影响。具体来说,把带质量的麦克斯韦复矢量场耦合到4维Lifshitz黑洞中构造了p波超导体。发现时空各向异性程度的增加抑制导体/超导体相变和电导率。在临界温度附近,系统经历二阶相变,与平均场论结果一致。在一定程度上,此复矢量场模型是SU(2)Yang-Mills模型带一般质量的推广。

量子纠缠与时空结构

众所周知,自然界中存在着四种基本相互作用,分别为强相互作用、弱相互作用、电磁相互作用与引力相互作用。然而,前三者可以在量子力学的框架下自洽,只有特殊的引力相互作用尚未与其他相互作用统一。因此,追求引力的量子化是现代物理学最迫切和首要的目标。物理学家们发现,可以利用量子场论的方法来研究引力理论。在这过程中,我们发现量子纠缠、几何以及时空定域性之间的关系,这似乎暗示了通往量子引力的研究方向。通过量子纠缠,我们希望进一步探索量子引力领域,为引力的量子化找到一个突破口,从而发现时空的本质。文章简要回顾量子纠缠熵的历史发展,并讨论纠缠熵与几何之间的关系。

掺杂全息费米系统

构建了包括两个规范场和一个中性标量场的两流体模型.数值得到渐近标量毛AdS黑膜解.模型导入了两个可调节的化学势,从而导入了可控的掺杂参数.研究了特定参数下全息费米系统的性质.研究表明随着赝标量汤川秀树耦合增大,能隙打开,标志着系统衍生出绝缘相.固定赝标量汤川秀树耦合,随着掺杂参数的增大,能隙打开的临界值减少,能隙的形成更容易.并给出了相应的温度-掺杂相图.最后,根据模型参数,将模型分类.

一类新的Stückelberg全息超导模型

本文研究了含Stückelberg机理的黑洞全息超导模型.通过选取标量场新的高阶修正形式,建立了新的Stückelberg黑洞全息超导模型.通过研究模型参数对标量场凝聚的影响,发现了当模型参数大于临界值时,高阶修正可以引起一阶相变.同时本文还考查了反作用对临界值的影响.