底侵玄武质下地壳的熔融:来自安徽沙溪adakite质富钠石英闪长玢岩的证据

沙溪石英闪长玢岩具有高Al2O3、Sr、Sr/Y、La/Yb,低Y、YbSr正异常,Eu弱负异常—正异常,表现出与adakite岩类似的地球化学特征,与庐枞火山盆地双庙组粗面玄武岩的微量元素特征和NdSr同位素组成类似。研究表明:(1)沙溪侵入岩不是由俯冲的洋壳熔融形成,而是由底侵的玄武质下地壳熔融形成,该玄武质下地壳的物质来源与双庙组玄武岩的来源相似,都为富集地幔;(2)燕山晚期,长江中下游地区可能存在玄武质岩浆的底侵作用,地壳发生垂向增生,沙溪地区地壳厚度曾大于40km,但白垩纪至现在,沙溪地区地壳明显减薄;(3)沙溪铜(金)矿床不是与大洋板片俯冲有关的斑岩铜(金)矿床,而可能是与底侵的玄武质下地壳熔融有关的斑岩铜(金)矿床。

西藏冈底斯南缘火山-岩浆弧带中桑日群adakite的发现及其意义

冈底斯南缘火山-岩浆弧带,位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带与冈底斯陆块之间。近年来的研究表明,它是新特提斯洋多次俯冲消减的产物。洋壳大致经历了早(中侏罗世)、晚(晚侏罗—早白垩世)两次俯冲作用,由此形成的火山岛弧带在空间上呈北、南两条平行展布。本文,通过对晚期俯冲形成的南带岛弧火山岩(桑日群)的研究,并与新生代(＜25Ma)环太平洋adakite的对比研究表明,桑日群火山岩具有与adakite相似的特征:缺乏玄武岩,以安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩组合为主;地球化学特征表现为SiO_2平均为61．57%(≥56%)、Al_2O_3平均为16．36%(≥15%)、MgO平均为2．63%(＜3%),Na/K高(3．05);具有低的Yb(1．39×10^(-6),≤1．9×10^(-6))、Y(13．57×10^(-6),≤18×10^(-6))和高的Sr(646×10^(-6),＞400×10^(-6));REE配分型式为亏损重稀土,Eu异常不明显;Sr同位素组成与大洋板片熔融形成的adakite非常相近。这意味着,该弧南带(桑日群)的弧火山岩(＞25Ma)是新特提斯洋壳经俯冲部分熔融形成的;同时也暗示,它的形成可能是一种特殊动力学机制的产物——新特提斯主洋有关的小洋盆快速俯冲。而其成矿意义在于:它是超大型斑岩铜矿和中低温热液矿床成矿的标志之一。

adakite的地球化学特征及成因

本文通过综合近 2 0年来国际上有关adakite(埃达克岩 )的主要文献资料 ,对adakite的岩石地球化学特征、分布、形成环境和条件等做了总结。adakite是一类高铝的中酸性火山岩或侵入岩 ,主要特点是 :高Sr(40 0× 10 - 6～ 2 0 0 0× 10 - 6) ,低Y和Yb(Y≤ 18× 10 - 6,Yb≤ 1.9× 10 - 6) ,轻重稀土元素强烈分异 ,不具有明显的Eu负异常 ,K2 O/Na2 O比值低 (<0 .5 )。adakite主要分布于环太平洋地区 ,少数分布于一些古老造山带中 ,它的形成主要与年轻的 (<2 5Ma)俯冲洋壳的部分熔融有关 ,也可能与老的俯冲洋壳或底侵玄武岩的部分熔融、或者与增厚地壳的底部发生拆沉作用有关。熔融残留相主要是含榴角闪岩或榴辉岩 ,也可能为麻粒岩。实验岩石学及地质证据表明 ,具有adakite成分特征的岩浆可以在较宽的压力范围内 (1.0～ 2 .6GPa)

Geochemistry and Zircon U-Pb Dating of Changshagou Adakite from the South Altyn UHPM Terrane: Evidence of the Partial Melting of the Lower Crust

Changshagou adakite, an outcrop in the middle segment of the South Altyn Tagh ultra-high pressure metamorphism （UHPM） terrane, contains medium-K cal-alkaline and weakly peraluminous compositions （SiO2 = 66.79% to 68.65%, Al2O3 = 17.48% to 18.31%, K20 ＋ Na20 = 6.32% to 6.88%, K2O/Na2O = 0.25 to 0.33, A/CNK = 1.01 to 1.06）. This outcrop is also enriched with large ion lithophile elements but with depleted high-field strength elements （HFSE） showing clearly negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies. REE distribution patterns show a positive anomaly of Eu （6Eu = 1.15 to 1.31） and weakly enriched with LREE compared with HREE （LREE/HREE = 1.02 to 4.20）. Experimental results and several characteristics, including relatively low Nb/Ta ratios （6.03 to 8.45） and high Sr, Sr/Y, （La/Yb）N and low Y and Yb, which indicate the presence of residual garnet and the absence of plagioclase in the source region, show that adakite may form at a pressure ranging from 1.2 GPa to 1.5 GPa and at a temperature of approximately 900~C. Low Cr, Ni, and Mg# values, trace element patterns, and SiO2- Mg# and SiO2-MgO diagrams indicate that rocks are formed by the partial melting of a thickened lower continental crust. LA-ICP-MS in situ U-Pb dating yields two group ages： 503.1±1.7 Ma （core） and 453.1±3.0 Ma （rim）. The Th/U ratios of the core and the rim are 0.11 to 0.40 and 0.03 to 0.07, respectively. Considering the zircon CL image characteristics, Th/U ratios, and previous studies on regional UHPM rocks, adakite formed at 503.1 ± 1.7 Ma and underwent a tectothermal event as a result of the break-off of the Altyn deep subducted continental crust at 453.1 ± 3.0 Ma.

Origin of C type adakite magmas in the NE Xing＇an block, NE China and tectonic implication

In this paper, we report new whole-rock geochemical and zircon U-Pb data for monzogranites in the NE Xing＇an block. These data constrained the petrogenesis of C type （high Sr/Y） adakitic rocks and showed the spatial extent of the influence of the Mongol-Okhostsk ocean tectonic regime and the collision between the Jiamusi Massif and Songliao Terrane. New zircon laser-ablation inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb data indicated that the monzogranites in the studied area were emplaced in the Early Jurassic （～ 180 Ma）. These rocks were characterized by unusally high SiO2 （≥67.49）, and Sr （461-759 ppm）, but strikingly low Y （4.63-8.06 ppm） and HREE （∑HREE = 3.83-6.49 ppm, Yb = 0.5-0.77 ppm） contents, with therefore high Sr/Y （67.2-119） and （La/Yb）N （29.7-41.5） ratios, showing the geochemical characteristics of C type adakitic granite. The data displayed negligible Eu anomalies （Eu/Eu^＊ =0.77-1.08）, LREE-enriched and pronounced negative Nb and Ta anomalies. The C-type adakites in the studied area were most likely derived from the partial melting of a thickened lower continental curst. The magma source is most likely dominated by amphibolites and garnet amphibolites. In combination with previously-reported data from igneous rocks from the Mesozoic in NE China, we conclude that the Xing＇ an block was influenced by the Mongol-Okhotsk subduction tectonic system, and experiences compressive settings from the amalgamation of the Jiamusi block in the east of the CAOB.

Early Paleozoic adakite in the Liuyuan area from the Beishan orogenic belt,NW Gansu Province:Petrogenesis and implication for tectonic setting

The Liuyuan area,which is located on the southern margin of the Beishan orogenic belt,develops abundant Early Paleozic granitoids.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 421±8 Ma for the Liuyuan granodiorite(Zhao Zehui et al.,2007),implying its Late Silurian intrusion.Geochemical compositions showed that the Liuyuan granodiorite is characterized by high SiO2(65.01%-67.31%),A12O3(17.17%-18.05%) and Na2O(Na2O/K2O=1.67-1.87) but low Mg# contents calculated as 100×Mg2+/(Mg2++∑Fe2+) from 28.77 to 31.15,as well as being enriched in Sr(472×10-6-517×10-6) but depleted in Yb(1.2×10-6-1.42×10-6) and Y(12.8×10-6-14×10-6).The REEs are characterized by right-inclined patterns with LREE enrichment,HREE depletion and slightly negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.91-0.97).Major and trace elements indicate that the granodiorite is an adakite.The Nb/Ta values of the granodiorite vary from 10.80 to 18.01 and Nb/U from 6.32 to 10.09,both lying between the values of the crust and the mantle.The rock has low εNd(t) values(-2.5--0.8) and high ISr(0.706321-0.706495).Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions indicate that the Liuyuan granodiorite is possibly derived from partial melting of thickening lower crust,related to mantle underplating.The Yb-Ta and Y+Nb-Rb discriminant diagrams imply the Liuyuan granodiorite intruded in a local extensional tectonic setting during late collision.Combined with previous studies on geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic setting of granitoids,we interprete that the constraint of this adakite in the Liuyuan area indicates that the tectonic setting may have transformed from collision to extension during the Early Devonian.

Adakite-like granitoids of Songkultau:A relic of juvenile Cambrian arc in Kyrgyz Tien Shan

The early Paleozoic Terskey Suture zone,located in the southern part of the Northern Tien Shan domain in Kyrgyzstan,comprises tectonic slivers of dismembered ophiolites and associated primitive volcanics and deepmarine sediments.In the Lake Songkul area,early-middle Cambrian pillow basalts are crosscut by the Songkultau intrusion of coarse-grained gneissose quartz diorites and tonalites with geochemical characteristics typical for high-SiO2 adakites(SiO2>56 wt.%,Al2O3>15 wt.%,Na2 O>3.5 wt.%and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios).The Songkultau granitoids have positive initialεNd(+3.8 to+6.4)andεHf(+12.3 to+13.5)values indicating derivation from sources with MORB-like isotopic signature.Volcanic formations,surrounding the Songkultau intrusion,have geochemical affinities varying from ocean floor to island arc series.This rock assemblage is interpreted as a relic of an early-middle Cambrian primitive arc where the adakite-like granitoids were derived from partial melting of young and hot subducted oceanic crust.An age of 505 Ma,obtained for the Songkultau intrusion,shows that hot subduction under the Northern Tien Shan continued until middle Cambrian.The primitive arc complexes were obducted onto the Northern Tien Shan domain,where the Andean type continental magmatic arc developed in Cambrian and Ordovician.Formation of the Andean type arc was accompanied by uplift,erosion and deposition of coarse clastic sediments.A depositional age of ca.470 Ma,obtained for the gravellites in the Lake Songkul area,is in agreement with the timing of deposition for lower Ordovician conglomerates elsewhere in the Northern Tien Shan,and corresponds to the main phase of the Andean type magmatism.The Songkultau adakites in association with surrounding ocean floor and island arc formations constitute a relic of a primitive Cambrian arc and represent a juvenile domain of substantial size identified so far within the predominantly crustal-derived terranes of Tien Shan.On a regional scale this primitive arc can be compared with juvenile Cambrian arcs of Kazakhstan,Gorny Altai and Mongolia.

Dehydration melting of amphibolite at 1.5 GPa and 800–950C:Implications for the Mesozoic potassium-rich adakite in the eastern North China Craton

Mesozoic intermediate-felsic magmatic rocks in the eastern North China Craton commonly show geochemical similarity to adakites.However,the lack of direct constraints from partial melting experiments at high pressures and temperatures fuels a debate over the origin of these rocks.In this work,we performed partial melting experiments at 1.5 GPa and 800–950℃on amphibolite samples collected from the vicinity of the Mesozoic potassium-rich adakitic rocks in the Zhangjiakou area,northern margin of the North China Craton.The experimental melts range from granitic to granodioritic compositions,with SiO_(2)=56.4–72.6 wt.%,Al_(2)O_(3)=16.1–19.3 wt.%,FeO^(*)=2.4–9.6 wt.%,MgO=0.3–2.0 wt.%,CaO=0.6–3.8 wt.%,Na_(2)O=4.7–5.3 wt.%,and K_(2)O=2.6–3.9 wt.%,which are in the ranges of the surrounding Mesozoic potassium-rich adakitic rocks,except for the higher Al_(2)O_(3)contents and the data point at 1.5 GPa and 800℃.Trace element compositions of the melts measured by LA-ICP-MS are rich in Sr(849–1067 ppm)and light rare earth elements(LREEs)and poor in Y(<10.4 ppm)and Yb(<0.88 ppm),and have high Sr/Y(102–221)and(La/Yb)n(27–41)ratios and strongly fractionated rare earth element(REE)patterns,whereas no obvious negative Eu anomalies are observed.The geochemical characteristics show overall similarity to the Mesozoic potassium-rich adakitic rocks in the area,especially adakites with low Mg#,again except for the data point at 1.5 GPa and 800℃.The results suggest that partial melting of amphibolite can produce potassium-rich adakitic rocks with low Mg#in the eastern North China Craton under the experimental conditions of 1.5 GPa and 850–950℃.The experimental restites consist of hornblende(Hbl)+plagioclase(Pl)+garnet(Grt)±clinopyroxene(Cpx),a mineral assemblage significantly different from that of the nearby Hannuoba mafic granulite xenoliths which consist of Cpx+orthopyroxene(Opx)+Pl±Grt.Chemically,the experimental restites contain higher Al_(2)O_(3)but lower MgO and CaO than the Hannuoba mafic granulite xenoliths.We therefore argue that the Hannuoba mafic granulite xenoliths cannot represent the direct products of partial melting of the experimental amphibolite.

准噶尔北缘晚古生代岛弧中与俯冲作用有关的adakite火山岩:消减板片部分熔融的产物

在准噶尔北缘地区的晚古生代岛弧火山岩中，发现了具有ａｄａｋｉｔｅ成分特征的岩石．这些ａｄａｋｉｔｅ 火山岩分布在早泥盆统的托让格库都克组（Ｄ１ｔ）内，它们有高的Ｓｒ，Ｓｒ／Ｙ和（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）Ｎ值，低的Ｙ，Ｙｂ和 ＨＲＥＥ含量，与世界上典型的ａｄａｋｉｔｅ岩的成分非常相似，但明显不同于共生的其他正常岛弧火山岩．这 些ａｄａｋｉｔｅ火山岩是古亚洲洋的俯冲板片在消减过程中发生部分熔融产生的，这意味着准噶尔地区的古 亚洲洋在早泥盆世开始了一次新的俯冲消减．

西天山阿吾拉勒adakite型钠质中酸性岩及地壳垂向增生

西天山阿吾拉勒二叠纪钠质英安岩和钠长斑岩具有与adakite一致的岩石地球化学特征: 富Na_2O和Al_2O_ 3; 高Sr, 低Y, Yb和亏损HREE, 且Sr/Y＞40, La/Yb＞20; Eu具正异常. Nd和Sr同位素组成特征: (143Nd/144Nd)i为0.51236~0.51248, εNd(t)为正值(+0.79^+3.11); (87Sr/86Sr)i为0.7052~0.7054, 显示其岩浆可能起源于弱亏损地幔, 或亏损地幔受到地壳物质混染. 结合北疆二叠纪属后碰撞阶段构造背景, 认为本区adakite型岩浆最有可能由新底侵的玄武质下地壳在角闪岩相向榴辉岩相过渡或榴辉岩相的条件下部分熔融形成. 这些adakite型岩石不仅是底侵玄武质岩石熔融形成的新生陆壳物质, 而且可能是西天山晚古生代后碰撞阶段地幔玄武岩浆底侵作用和地壳垂向增生的重要岩石标志.

北大别山adakite型灰色片麻岩的确定及其与超高压变质作用的关系

研究发现北大别山中酸性灰色片麻岩中存在ａｄａｋｉｔｅ型岩石，其地球化学特征表现为高Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３， Ｓｒ， Ｓｒ／Ｙ和 Ｌａ／Ｙｂ，低 Ｙ， Ｙｂ和 Ｓｃ， Ｓｒ正异常，铕正异常或微弱负异常．北大别山 ａｄａｋｉｔｅ型灰色片麻岩由俯冲大洋板片熔融形成．已有的研究表明大别山灰色片麻岩主要分布于北大别山且形成于印支期前，因此北大别山ａｄａｋｉｔｅ型灰色片麻岩的存在表明扬子和华北板块印支期碰撞前存在大洋板片的俯冲，洋壳是向北大别山下俯冲，在俯冲过程中有ａｄａｋｉｔｅ型的火成岩和超高压榴辉岩的形成．这暗示除了在印支期的超高压变质岩石之外，大别山可能还存在早于印支期的超高压变质作用，扬子和华北板块的俯冲极性可能是扬子向华北板块之下俯冲，并且两板块印支期碰撞的主缝合线可能应在北大别山以南。

扬子地块东部燕山期埃达克质(adakite-like)岩与成矿

通过对扬子地块东部与Cu-Au等金属成矿有关的燕山期侵入体岩进行元素和同位素地球化学研究,揭示出:(ⅰ)扬子地块东部许多与金属成矿有关的侵入岩为埃达克质岩,它们可能主要由玄武质下地壳物质在增厚的条件下熔融形成,玄武质岩浆的底侵作用可能为这些岩石的形成提供了热量;(ⅱ)高压(1.2～4.0 GPa)、高温(850～1150℃)的下地壳环境不仅有利于流体的产生,而且也有利于埃达克质岩浆的产生。形成于高压高温条件下的埃达克质岩浆不仅能够携带大量流体和Cu-Au等成矿金属物质,而且易于将这些物质带到地壳浅处,有利于Cu-Au等金属矿床的形成。

Genesis and tectonic setting of Early Jurassic granitic rocks in Huashan Town,Xingcheng,western Liaoning

There are a large number of Mesozoic intrusive and volcanic rocks in western Liaoning of China,which is an ideal place to study the Mesozoic Paleo-Pacific subduction processes,and lithospheric destruc-tion of North China Craton.Detailed petrographic,zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical studies of the Early Jurassic granites in Huashan pluton,Xingcheng,western Liaoning,indicate that the Early Jurassic granites were formed at 184-174 Ma,mainly composed of syenite and monzogranite.The geochemical characteristics show high contents of SiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3)and Na_(2)O+K_(2)O,low contents of Fe_(2)O_(3)and MgO,enrichment in LREEs and LILEs,and depletion in HREEs and HFSEs,and have a high content of Sr and low contents of Y and Yb,with weak negative Eu anomalies and slightly negative anomalies of Ce,indicating that they are a set of intermediate-acidic adakitic granites in high-K calc-alkaline series.All the facts significantly suggest that the Early Jurassic adakitic granites were formed at the active continental margin in the context of Paleo-Pacific plate subduction.

Adakites related to subduc-tion in the northern margin of Junggar arc for the Late Paleozoic:Products of slab melting

Volcanic rocks with adakitic compositional signature have been recognized in the northern margin of ancient Junggar island arc for the Late Paleozoic. These adakites for the early Devonian from the Tuoranggekudouke Group (D1t) are characteristic of high Sr, Sr/Y and (La/Yb)N but low Y, Yb and HREE. Their compositional characteristics are much similar to those of the typical adakites in the world but distinct from those of the normal arc volcanic rocks from the same Group. We conclude that these adakitic volcanic rocks were produced by slab melting during the early period of Paleoasia-ocean lithosphere subduction. This infers that the Paleoasia Ocean in the north Junggar area began a new subduction process in the early Devonian.

Petrogenesis and metallogenesis of the Yanshanian adakite-like rocks in the Eastern Yangtze Block

Many of the Yanshannian intermediate-acid intrusive rocks related to Cu-Au mineraliza-tion in the Eastern Yangtze Block are characterized by high Al2O3, Sr contents, while low in Y, Yb contents, thus with high Sr/Y, and La/Yb ratios, and variational isotope signatures in particular, e.g. e Nd( t ) = -11.92—1.96, (143Nd/144Nd)i = 0.5120—0.5125, TDM = 0.70—1.71 Ga, (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7043—0.7076. The geochemical characteristics of these rocks suggest that: (1) these rocks are geo-chemically similar to adakite, which might have been stemmed from the partial melting of thick-ened basaltic lower crust due to basalt underplating; and (2) the high pressure (1.2—4.0 GPa) and high temperature (850—1150℃) surroundings of the lower crust favor both the fluid and ada-kite-like magma to generation. Not only can the adakite-like magma carry abundant fluid and Cu-Au ore-froming materials, but also can it bring them to the shallow part with ease and contrib-utes to the Cu-Au mineralization.

Geochemical and Nd-Sr Isotopic Compositions of Hypabyssal Adakites in the Torud-Ahmad Abad Magmatic Belt,Northern Central Iran Zone:Analysis of Petrogenesis and Geodynamic Implications

Eocene intermediate to felsic subvolcanic rocks of the Torud-Ahmad Abad magmatic belt(TAMB),in the northern part of the Central Iran zone,are exposed between the Torud and Ahmad Abad regions in South-Southeast Shahrood.These igneous rocks include hypabyssal dacite,trachyte,andesite,trachy-andesite,and basaltic andesite;they are mainly composed of phenocrysts and microcrystalline groundmass of pyroxene,amphibole,and plagioclase,with minor biotite and titanomagnetite;they form domal structures(plugs and stocks),dikes,and sills that intruded into Neoproterozoic to cogenetic Eocene volcano-sedimentary sequences.Based on isotopic analysis of these intermediate to acidic rocks,initial ratios of^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd range from 0.512775 to 0.512893 and initial ratios of^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr range from 0.703746 to 0.705314,with quite positiveε_(Nd(i))values of+3.69 to+6.00.They are enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements and depleted in heavy rare earth elements and high-field strength elements,the SiO_(2) content is(52-62)wt.%,and Na_(2)O content>3 wt.%,Al_(2)O_(3) content>16 wt.%,Yb<1.8 ppm,and Y<18 ppm.These geological,geochemical,and Sr and Nd isotopic data are consistent with adakitic signatures originating by partial melting of the subducted Neo-Tethys oceanic slab(Sabzevar branch)and lithospheric suprasubduction zone mantle.The mantle signatures typifying the rapidly emplaced adakitic rocks(slab(high-silica adakite)and suprasubduction zone(low-silica adakite)melts)together with their locally voluminous extent are evidences that support a locally extensional geodynamic setting;and the evidence is consistent with an evolution to local transpression in the Late Eocene in this convergent margin are environment to rifting(basalts to adakites)towards submarine conditions in the Neogene.

Comparative study of big data of global adakites and mineralization-related granite in the Geza arc metallogenic belt, northwest Yunnan, Southwest China

The Geza arc is an important part of the Sanjiang tectono-magmatic belt and is a newly discovered copper polymetallic ore concentration area in northwest Yunnan province,Southwest China.The area comprises numerous metal ore deposits,including one super-largedeposit,three large deposits,etc.The formation of these deposits was closely related to intermediate–acidic magmatic intrusions.Based on previous studies,the“big data”analysis technique was used for a comparative study of large geochemical datasets of granite related to ore-formation in the Geza porphyry copper deposit and global adakites.As a result,1313 element combinations and 127,765 overlap ratios were obtained.The results show that the Geza porphyry has similar geochemical characteristics to global adakites(the ratios of REE and Ga to major elements are in the range of global adakites).However,theCu,Mo,and Zn contents of the porphyry are significantly higher than those of global adakites,and the porphyry may,therefore,represent an end-member of the global range of adakite composition.In addition,the geochemistry of adakites associated with the porphyry copper deposits overlaps in part with that of global adakites,although most of the data lie outside of the range of global adakites(i.e.lowMn/Cu,Sr/Cu,Na/Cu,and Zr/Cu values,and high Th/Cu,Ba/Cu,Na/Mo,Rb/Mo,Th/Mo,Ta/Mo,Ba/Mo,Mn/Zn,and Ba/Znvalues).The samples with characteristics that deviate significantly from the geochemistry of global adakites show more advanced mineralization and alteration,and a stronger relationship with Cu and Momineralization.The results of geochemical data mining can be used as a prospecting indicator,and provide a new scientific basis for geological prospecting of the deep levels and per-iphery of the Geza Cu polymetallic ore belt.

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Silurian adakitic granitoids in the eastern segment of the Qilian Orogenic Belt,Northwest China

Geodynamic mechanism responsible for the generation of Silurian granitoids and the tectonic evolution of the Qilian orogenic belt remains controversial. In this study, we report the results of zircon U–Pb age, and systematic whole-rock geochemical data for the Haoquangou and Liujiaxia granitoids within the North Qilian orogenic belt and the Qilian Block, respectively, to constrain their petrogenesis, and the Silurian tectonic evolution of the Qilian orogenic belt. Zircon U–Pb ages indicate that the Haoquangou and Liujiaxia intrusions were emplaced at423 ± 3 Ma and 432 ± 4 Ma, respectively. The Haoquangou granodiorites are calc-alkaline, while the Liujiaxia granites belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series.Both are peraluminous in composition and have relatively depleted Nd isotopic [ε_(Nd)(t) =(-3.9 – + 0.6)] characteristics compared with regional basement rocks, implying their derivation from a juvenile lower crust. They show adakitic geochemical characteristics and were generated by partial melting of thickened lower continental crust. Postcollisional extensional regime related to lithospheric delamination was the most likely geodynamic mechanism for the generation of the Haoquangou granodiorite, while the Liujiaxia granites were generated in a compressive setting during continental collision between the Qaidam and Qilian blocks.

鄂东南铜山口、殷祖埃达克质(adakitic)侵入岩的地球化学特征对比:(拆沉)下地壳熔融与斑岩铜矿的成因

鄂东南地区铜山口花岗闪长斑岩体是与斑岩铜钼矿床共生的岩体,但殷祖花岗闪长岩体是与金属成矿无关的岩体。铜山口和殷祖侵入岩的元素地球化学特征与埃达克岩的地球化学特征非常类似,如高Al2O3、Sr含量与La/Yb、Sr/Y比值,富Na2O(Na2O/K2O>1.0),亏损Y与Yb,极弱负Eu异常-正Eu异常以及正Sr异常等。但是铜山口和殷祖侵入岩也存在 明显的差别:前者比后者更偏酸性,但具有较高的K2O,MgO,Cr,Ni和Sr含量,较低的Y和Yb含量,轻重稀土元素分异更明显,并主要显示出正铕异常,区别于后者的极弱负Eu异常-不明显Eu异常。这表明铜山口埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源可能比殷祖埃达克质侵入岩的岩浆来源更深:前者可能由拆沉的下地壳熔融形成,残留物主要含石榴子石;而后者可能由增厚的下地壳熔融形成,残留物可能为石榴子石±斜长石±角闪石。另外,热的地幔上涌,底辟(diapir)进入下地壳,导致含角闪石的榴辉岩发生熔融也可形成铜山口埃达克质岩浆。铜山口埃达克质岩浆在穿过地幔的过程中,将会与地幔橄榄岩发生交换反应:一方面由于受橄榄岩的混染而使得岩浆的MgO,Cr和Ni增高;另一方面岩浆中的Fe2O3不断加入到地幔中,导致地幔的氧逸度(fo2)增高,地幔中金属硫化物被氧化并进入岩浆中。

冈底斯晚第三纪斑岩的岩石学、地球化学及其地球动力学意义

西藏高原冈底斯中新世(21～12 Ma)侵位于冈底斯花岗岩岩基内.斑岩呈东西向断续带状展布(350 km),南北向串珠排布(宽约50 km),明显受NS裂谷和正断层控制.斑岩的主要岩石类型为花岗闪长斑岩、二长花岗斑岩、石英二长斑岩.斑岩高SiO2、Al2O3、K2O和低Y和HREE(Yb)含量;富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE), 尤其富集Sr和K; 缺乏Eu异常和/或具弱正异常;普遍具有较高的Sr/Y、(La/Yb)N比值及较低的Y/Yb比值.斑岩显示出明显的adakite地球化学特征,明显不同于冈底斯花岗岩基.对冈底斯岩带的构造-岩浆-热事件序列的综合分析揭示,斑岩是滞留在地幔的洋壳残片在花岗岩基大幅快速隆升后部分熔融的产物,熔融残余相为石榴石+角闪石+单斜辉石+含钛矿物组合,熔体在上升过程中与上覆交代地幔楔发生作用,使岩浆的K含量和Mg#明显增高.高密度的熔融残留体榴辉岩或角闪榴辉岩沉入下伏地幔或软流圈,这可能导致了冈底斯岩带在20～14 Ma期间的隆升.冈底斯中新世斑岩的时空分布厘定了西藏高原冈底斯带EW向伸展的初始时间大约在20Ma左右.