This paper is a review, a thesis, of some interesting results that have been obtained in various research concerning the “brane collisions in string and M-theory” (Cyclic Universe), p-adic inflation and p-adic cosmo...This paper is a review, a thesis, of some interesting results that have been obtained in various research concerning the “brane collisions in string and M-theory” (Cyclic Universe), p-adic inflation and p-adic cosmology. In Section 2, we have described some equations concerning cosmic evolution in a Cyclic Universe. In Section 3, we have described some equations concerning the cosmological perturbations in a Big Crunch/Big Bang space-time, the M-theory model of a Big Crunch/Big Bang transition and some equations concerning the solution of a braneworld Big Crunch/Big Bang Cosmology. In Section 4, we have described some equations concerning the generating ekpyrotic curvature perturbations before the Big Bang, some equations concerning the effective five-dimensional theory of the strongly coupled heterotic string as a gauged version of N=1five-dimensional supergravity with four-dimensional boundaries, and some equations concerning the colliding branes and the origin of the Hot Big Bang. In Section 5, we have described some equations regarding the “null energy condition” violation concerning the inflationary models and some equations concerning the evolution to a smooth universe in an ekpyrotic contracting phase with w>1. In Section 6, we have described some equations concerning the approximate inflationary solutions rolling away from the unstable maximum of p-adic string theory. In Section 7, we have described various equations concerning the p-adic minisuperspace model, zeta strings, zeta nonlocal scalar fields and p-adic and adelic quantum cosmology. In Section 8, we have shown various and interesting mathematical connections between some equations concerning the p-adic inflation, the p-adic quantum cosmology, the zeta strings and the brane collisions in string and M-theory. Furthermore, in each section, we have shown the mathematical connections with various sectors of Number Theory, principally the Ramanujan’s modular equations, the Aurea Ratio and the Fibonacci’s numbers.展开更多
基于光业务单元(optical service unit,OSU)的面向城域优化的光传送网络(metro-optimized OTN,M-OTN)创新技术方案可以提供低时延和带宽灵活调整的高品质专线业务,提升光传送网络(optical transport network,OTN)对小颗粒专线业务的承...基于光业务单元(optical service unit,OSU)的面向城域优化的光传送网络(metro-optimized OTN,M-OTN)创新技术方案可以提供低时延和带宽灵活调整的高品质专线业务,提升光传送网络(optical transport network,OTN)对小颗粒专线业务的承载能力和效率。重点探讨了OSU技术在OTN中的应用模式,包括OSU在现网中的应用价值、叠加层(Overlay)与底层(Underlay)组网模式比较、OSU到光数据单元k(optical data unit-k,ODUk)复用方式与多业务统一承载等几个方面。通过现网试验对OSU技术的业务能力和长期运行可靠性进行了充分验证,为后续OSU组网模式的选择提供技术依据。展开更多
This article presents a 2017 LiDAR-DEM guided 1-m resolution examination of field-surveyed elevation and soil property variations (5 × 5 m spacings) conducted in 1977 across a hummocky New Brunswick field used fo...This article presents a 2017 LiDAR-DEM guided 1-m resolution examination of field-surveyed elevation and soil property variations (5 × 5 m spacings) conducted in 1977 across a hummocky New Brunswick field used for potato production. This examination revealed that the field incurred minor elevation differences likely due to upslope erosion as revealed through increasing Sand % and CF % with increasing elevation, and increasing Silt % along low-lying areas. Soil moisture, field capacity, permanent wilting and nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub>-N) also increased at downslope locations. Directly as well as indirectly, soil pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub>-N), Caesium<sup>137</sup> (Cs<sup>137</sup>) and Mehlich-3 extracted Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were likewise affected by topographic location. Factor analyzing these variables led to: 1) a Soil Loss Factor that captured 24% of the textural variations;2) a Soil-Cropping Factor accounting for 16% of the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn variations;3) a Soil Organic Matter (SOM) Factor relating 9% of the in-field variations for SOM, Fe, Zn, Cu to via organo-metal complexation and low NO<sub>3</sub>-N retention. Many of the topographic variations increased or decreased with the metric DEM-projected depth-to-water index (DTW) index. This index was set to 0 along DEM-derived flow channels with minimum upslope flow-accumulation areas of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 4 ha. Among these, the DTW > 4 ha threshold was useful for reproducing the textural variations, while the DTW > 0.25 ha threshold assisted in capturing trends pertaining to moisture retention and elemental concentrations.展开更多
对于雷电流在地网上分布的研究大多是基于理论分析,为此,通过野外试验并结合ATP-EMTP仿真分析了雷击共用地网时雷电流的分布情况。研究结果表明：共用地网模型中连接地网的2条扁钢分流到远端地网电流5次回击幅值和电量平均值分别为-1.2 ...对于雷电流在地网上分布的研究大多是基于理论分析,为此,通过野外试验并结合ATP-EMTP仿真分析了雷击共用地网时雷电流的分布情况。研究结果表明：共用地网模型中连接地网的2条扁钢分流到远端地网电流5次回击幅值和电量平均值分别为-1.2 k A和-0.24 C,分别占注入触发闪电的7.8%和27.0%;波前时间平均值和波尾时间平均值分别为22.0μs和149.2μs,分别是注入触发闪电的44倍和16倍;触发闪电电流中的一次幅值为-19.3 k A的M分量分流到远端地网时波形和注入闪电电流相似,与回击分流到此的电流也较为相似。仿真与实测结果对比发现：回击过程分流的幅值和波前时间与实测结果相符合,但波尾时间模拟结果有明显的差异;M分量模拟结果与实测整体波形都比较符合,效果优于对回击过程的模拟。触发闪电电流注入后,共用地网远端M分量电流幅值衰减比例要远小于回击过程,而其波形与回击类似,M分量对远端地网分流和地电位升高的危害应值得关注。展开更多
文摘This paper is a review, a thesis, of some interesting results that have been obtained in various research concerning the “brane collisions in string and M-theory” (Cyclic Universe), p-adic inflation and p-adic cosmology. In Section 2, we have described some equations concerning cosmic evolution in a Cyclic Universe. In Section 3, we have described some equations concerning the cosmological perturbations in a Big Crunch/Big Bang space-time, the M-theory model of a Big Crunch/Big Bang transition and some equations concerning the solution of a braneworld Big Crunch/Big Bang Cosmology. In Section 4, we have described some equations concerning the generating ekpyrotic curvature perturbations before the Big Bang, some equations concerning the effective five-dimensional theory of the strongly coupled heterotic string as a gauged version of N=1five-dimensional supergravity with four-dimensional boundaries, and some equations concerning the colliding branes and the origin of the Hot Big Bang. In Section 5, we have described some equations regarding the “null energy condition” violation concerning the inflationary models and some equations concerning the evolution to a smooth universe in an ekpyrotic contracting phase with w>1. In Section 6, we have described some equations concerning the approximate inflationary solutions rolling away from the unstable maximum of p-adic string theory. In Section 7, we have described various equations concerning the p-adic minisuperspace model, zeta strings, zeta nonlocal scalar fields and p-adic and adelic quantum cosmology. In Section 8, we have shown various and interesting mathematical connections between some equations concerning the p-adic inflation, the p-adic quantum cosmology, the zeta strings and the brane collisions in string and M-theory. Furthermore, in each section, we have shown the mathematical connections with various sectors of Number Theory, principally the Ramanujan’s modular equations, the Aurea Ratio and the Fibonacci’s numbers.
文摘基于光业务单元(optical service unit,OSU)的面向城域优化的光传送网络(metro-optimized OTN,M-OTN)创新技术方案可以提供低时延和带宽灵活调整的高品质专线业务,提升光传送网络(optical transport network,OTN)对小颗粒专线业务的承载能力和效率。重点探讨了OSU技术在OTN中的应用模式,包括OSU在现网中的应用价值、叠加层(Overlay)与底层(Underlay)组网模式比较、OSU到光数据单元k(optical data unit-k,ODUk)复用方式与多业务统一承载等几个方面。通过现网试验对OSU技术的业务能力和长期运行可靠性进行了充分验证,为后续OSU组网模式的选择提供技术依据。
文摘This article presents a 2017 LiDAR-DEM guided 1-m resolution examination of field-surveyed elevation and soil property variations (5 × 5 m spacings) conducted in 1977 across a hummocky New Brunswick field used for potato production. This examination revealed that the field incurred minor elevation differences likely due to upslope erosion as revealed through increasing Sand % and CF % with increasing elevation, and increasing Silt % along low-lying areas. Soil moisture, field capacity, permanent wilting and nitrate nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub>-N) also increased at downslope locations. Directly as well as indirectly, soil pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub>-N), Caesium<sup>137</sup> (Cs<sup>137</sup>) and Mehlich-3 extracted Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were likewise affected by topographic location. Factor analyzing these variables led to: 1) a Soil Loss Factor that captured 24% of the textural variations;2) a Soil-Cropping Factor accounting for 16% of the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn variations;3) a Soil Organic Matter (SOM) Factor relating 9% of the in-field variations for SOM, Fe, Zn, Cu to via organo-metal complexation and low NO<sub>3</sub>-N retention. Many of the topographic variations increased or decreased with the metric DEM-projected depth-to-water index (DTW) index. This index was set to 0 along DEM-derived flow channels with minimum upslope flow-accumulation areas of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 or 4 ha. Among these, the DTW > 4 ha threshold was useful for reproducing the textural variations, while the DTW > 0.25 ha threshold assisted in capturing trends pertaining to moisture retention and elemental concentrations.
文摘对于雷电流在地网上分布的研究大多是基于理论分析,为此,通过野外试验并结合ATP-EMTP仿真分析了雷击共用地网时雷电流的分布情况。研究结果表明：共用地网模型中连接地网的2条扁钢分流到远端地网电流5次回击幅值和电量平均值分别为-1.2 k A和-0.24 C,分别占注入触发闪电的7.8%和27.0%;波前时间平均值和波尾时间平均值分别为22.0μs和149.2μs,分别是注入触发闪电的44倍和16倍;触发闪电电流中的一次幅值为-19.3 k A的M分量分流到远端地网时波形和注入闪电电流相似,与回击分流到此的电流也较为相似。仿真与实测结果对比发现：回击过程分流的幅值和波前时间与实测结果相符合,但波尾时间模拟结果有明显的差异;M分量模拟结果与实测整体波形都比较符合,效果优于对回击过程的模拟。触发闪电电流注入后,共用地网远端M分量电流幅值衰减比例要远小于回击过程,而其波形与回击类似,M分量对远端地网分流和地电位升高的危害应值得关注。
