Antidiabetic effects of galactomannans from Adenanthera pavonina L.in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of galactomannans extracted from Adenanthera pavonina's L.seeds(GAP) in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic mice.Methods:The preliminary galactomannan yield from Adenanthera pavonina L.plant and extraction products composition were evaluated.Various chemical characterization methods like thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ~1H and ^(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography have been employed to characterize the extracted galactomannan.The mice were divided in four groups: Normal control, diabetic control, GAP(1% and 2%) treated and standard drug treated groups.Diabetic mice received treatment daily for 30 d.Diabetes was induced by STZ at a single dose of 120 mg/kg.Body weight, water and food intake, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured.Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver were performed to evaluate STZ-induced tissue injuries.Results: The isolated and extracted galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina was confirmed by various chemical characterization methods.GAP exhibited a 1.46:1 mannose: galactose ratio, and high molar weight.Both GAP enriched food decreased glycaemia, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol.GAP didn't interfere on food intakes or body weight, although it increased water intake.Furthermore, the relative liver weight indicated toxic galactomannan effects on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in STZ induced diabetes.Conclusions: It is concluded that GAP is a natural product that contains potent galactomannan and is useful in preventing and treating diabetes.

Pharmacognostic Study on Adenanthera pavonina Linn.var.microsperma

[Objectives]To study the pharmacognosy of the stems and leaves of Adenanthera pavonina Linn.var.microsperma and to provide reference materials for clinical application and further development and utilization.[Methods]The stems and leaves were sliced by paraffin section method,and the tissue structure and microscopic characteristics were observed by routine microscopic technique.[Results]It was found that the epidermal cell wall was red with unicellular non-glandular hairs,the phloem fiber bundles were arranged in rings,and the xylem vessels were large and few,arranged in the shape of"V".The non-glandular hairs in the cross section of leaves were mostly unicellular,and the palisade tissues were in 2-3 rows.Most of the vessels in the powder were with marginal pores and crystal sheath fibers,and there were a lot of non-glandular hairs in single cells.[Conclusions]The above characteristics can be used as the main basis for the identification of Adenanthera pavonina Linn.var.microsperma.

海红豆油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对海红豆油脂肪酸组成进行分析和鉴定,并对海红豆油的理化性质进行分析研究。结果表明:从海红豆油中共分离出24个峰,鉴识出其中16种脂肪酸,主要为亚油酸(40.61%)、油酸(23.36%)、山嵛酸(11.50%)和花生酸(5.68%),其中不饱和脂肪酸相对含量为67.38%;海红豆油得率为17.4%;海红豆油的酸值(KOH)、碘值(I)、皂化值(KOH)、过氧化值分别为1.31 mg/g、157.4 g/100 g、161.1 mg/g、0.78 mmol/kg。海红豆油具有较高的应用潜力和开发价值。

海红豆在福建地区引种驯化的研究

分别从马来西亚、缅甸、越南、台湾、广西、厦门、福州选择七种不同的海红豆种源，种植在4个具有代表性的试验区进行海红豆在福建地区的引种驯化实验，结果表明：（1）不同种源海红豆种子的发芽率相差悬殊，越南产海红豆种子发芽率最高。缅甸产种子发芽率最低；（2）5～10月是海红豆生长发育的最佳时节。10月至次年4月海红豆生长发育较慢；（3）在所选择的七个种源中，马来西亚种源在1a生实生幼苗树高、地径生长速度、平均冠幅年生长量方面表现最优，厦门种源表现最差，其他次之；（4）在四个引种栽培区中，厦门的海红豆长势最好，华安县西陂国有林场海红豆生长发育情况最差．总之，海红豆在福建地区生长良好，其中以马表西亚种源在类似厦门这种南亚热带海洋性季风气候和土壤条件下表现最优．

不同种源海红豆在福建地区的引种选择

在华安县西陂国有林场分别对从马来西亚、越南、厦门、福州四种不同的海红豆种源进行海红豆在福建地区的引种驯化实验,结果表明:马来西亚种源海红豆幼树的树高最高,平均树高为151.5 cm,其最大树高达到220 cm.厦门种源海红豆幼树的平均树高比马来西亚种源海红豆的低出46 cm,厦门种源海红豆的最大树高也仅有165 cm,平均地径年生长量最低,平均冠幅也最小,幼树的长势相对最差.以树高为优良单株的选择指标,越南种源海红豆的优选率为20%,福州、马来西亚和厦门的优选率相同,为28%.由此可见,马来西亚种源海红豆幼树生长初期的生长表现明显优于厦门种源的,比较适合在福建地区栽培.福州、越南种源海红豆在福建地区也有一定的引种栽培价值.

不同种源海红豆生长比较分析及优良材料初步选择

2009年在西陂林场开展了海红豆种源试验调查,结果表明:参试的3个种源造林1a生长表现差异显著,以缅甸种源生长表现最佳,平均树高达到125.6cm;其次是台湾种源,平均树高达到124.73cm。种源中各单株的生长表现差异明显,以树高生长为主要指标,在缅甸种源中初步选出9号、25号、13号、11号、5号等5个优良单株,树高生长达到1.55～1.80m,比总体平均值增加了23%～43%;在南宁种源中,初步选出24号、4号、23号、15号、13号、12号、8号等7个优良单株,树高生长达1.30～1.50m,比总体平均值增加了22%～41%;在台湾种源中,初步选出25号、21号、20号、19号、8号、22号、18号等7个优良单株,1生树高生长达1.60～1.75m,比各单株总体平均值增加了28%～40%。海红豆生长(树高、胸径、冠幅)一整年不间断,是速生丰产林的优良树种,5～10月份生长比较快,10月份以后生长相对缓慢。

中国豆科植物新分类群(一)

笔者经过长时间对豆科的海红豆属Adenanthera、红豆属Ormosia、野扁豆属Dunbaria、山黑豆属Dumasia、胡枝子属Lespedeza…等12个属作了专属系统分类研究,陆续发现了一些新分类群。于是进行再调研与复查核实,补点采集和确认论证,在本文先报导1个新属、4个新种、3个亚种新组合和2个新变种,它们都是中国地理分布的地区特有分类群(除去1个亚种)其余将在另文续报。除此。作了其化学成分、药理试验、花粉与种皮的扫描电镜SEM观测及拍片分析和花、果、叶片和幼枝的比较形态解剖等研究,为新分类群的分类和区别及其亲缘关系提供佐证,为其新药筛选和其他应用开发、保护提供依据或参考。