Comparative study of ROR2 and WNT5a expression in squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder

AIM To investigate the expression and clinical pathological significance of ROR2 and WNT5 a in gallbladder squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma(SC/ASC) and adenocarcinoma(AC). METHODS En Vision immunohistochemistry was used to stain for ROR2 and WNT5 a in 46 SC/ASC patients and 80 AC patients. RESULTS Poorly differentiated AC among AC patients aged > 45 years were significantly more frequent compared with SC/ASC patients, while tumors with a maximal diameter > 3 cm in the SC/ASC group were significantly more frequent compared with the AC group. Positive ROR2 and WNT5 a expression was significantly lower in SC/ASC or AC with a maximal mass diameter ≤ 3 cm, a TNM stage of?Ⅰ?+ Ⅱ, no lymph node metastasis, no surrounding invasion, and radical resection than in patients with a maximal mass diameter > 3 cm, TNM stage Ⅳ, lymph node metastasis, surrounding invasion, and no resection. Positive ROR2 expression in patients with highly differentiated SC/ASC was significantly lower than in patients with poorly differentiated SC/ASC. Positive ROR2 and WNT5 a expression levels in highly differentiated AC were significantly lower than in poorly differentiated AC. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that differentiation degree, maximal mass diameter, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, surrounding invasion, surgical procedure and the ROR2 and WNT5 a expression levels were closely related to average survival of SC/ASC or AC. The survival of SC/ASC or AC patients with positive expression of ROR2 and WNT5 a was significantly shorter than that of patients with negative expression results. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that poor differentiation, a maximal diameter of the mass ≥ 3 cm, TNM stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ, lymph node metastasis, surrounding invasion, unresected surgery and positive ROR2 or WNT5 a expression in the SC/ASC or AC patients were negatively correlated with the postoperative survival rate and positively correlated with mortality, which are risk factors and independent prognostic predictors. CONCLUSION SC/ASC or AC patients with positive ROR2 or WNT5 a expression generally have a poor prognosis.

Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder locally invading the liver and abdominal cavity: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Gallbladder squamous cell carcinoma(GBSCC)is a rare subtype of malignancy and accounts for only 2%-3%of gallbladder malignancies.Due to its rapid development,most patients with GBSCC initially present with an advanced stage of the disease and hence a poor prognosis.The clinicopathological and biological features of SCC remain to be fully elucidated,owing to its uncommon occurrence.The majority of currently available data only described individual case reports or series analyses of trivial cases.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old man was admitted for progressively poor abdominal distension and pain.Liver computed tomography(CT)showed infiltration of gallbladder carcinoma into the adjacent liver,and enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes.The patient underwent radical cholecystectomy.Part of the mass was grey and soft,and the neoplastic section showed a purulent-necrotic lesion.Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed a moderately differentiated SCC.Immunohistochemical studies showed strong staining of the tumor for AE1/3 and CK5/6.Staining for CK19,CK7,and CAM5.2 was positive in the cytoplasm.Systemic chemotherapy was not administered because of the patient’s poor physical condition.After five months,CT and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed multiple metastases in the liver and abdominal cavity.CONCLUSION Squamous components of GBSCC may explain the complex biological behavior,and CD109 may be involved in the pathogenesis.

Giant squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder: A case report

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract. The majority of cases are adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the histological type present in 12% of all neoplasias accounting for approximately 12% of gallbladder neoplasms. It can occur in its pure form reaching 1%-3% of the tumors. Many patients are at an advanced stage when diagnosed and have bad therapeutic efficacy. CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old male patient presented with left flank pain for 1 year and irradiated to the mesogastric region. He denied fever, vomiting, and any other intestinal changes. He reported a weight loss of 10 kg in a period of 7 mo. He denied alcoholism, smoking, drug use, or prior illness. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed in the gallbladder fossa a voluminous mesogastric heterogeneous collection that had a thick and irregular capsule with liquid and gaseous contents. A predominantly hypoattenuating rounded material with partially calcified margins measuring about 2.0 cm related to gallstone was also emphasized. No lymphadenomegalies or free fluid was observed in the abdominal cavity. Patient underwent laparotomy where a huge tumor was observed affecting the transverse colon and gallbladder. This mass was resected en bloc removing gallbladder and transverse colon together with corresponding mesocolon and regional lymphadenectomy. There were no complications in the postoperative period. Although oncological treatment was performed, the patient died 6 mo after surgery. CONCLUSION Squamous cell carcinoma represents a rare disease. Patients often present with large, bulky tumors with involvement of adjacent organs. In spite of progress in surgical techniques and adjuvant chemotherapy, the prognosis remains poor.

Expression of angiostatin cDNA in human gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD and its effect on endothelial proliferation and growth

瞄准：在癌房间在试管内和在试管内，和潜力为胆囊癌 angiostatin 基因治疗珍视的胆囊的生物学的行为上探索 angiostatin 起来规定的影响。方法：包含鼠科的 angiostatin 的 pcDNA3.1 (+) 的真核细胞的表示向量被限制 endonuclease 消化构造并且识别并且定序。recombinant 向量 pcDNA3.1-angiostatin 与向量和嘲笑控制是进有 Lipofectamine 2000，和 paralleled 的人的胆囊癌房间线 GBC-SD 的 transfected。抵抗克隆被 G418 过滤屏蔽。Angiostatin 抄写和蛋白质表示被 RT-PCR 检验，免疫荧光并且西方污点。上层清液被收集对待 endothelial。细胞增长和生长在试管内在显微镜下面被观察。结果：鼠科的 angiostatin cDNA 成功地被克隆进真核细胞的表示向量 pcDNA3.1 (+) 。在有 G418 的 transfection 和选择的 14 d 以后，宏观的抵抗房间克隆与 3.1 (+)-angiostatin 和向量控制的 pcDNA 在试验性的组 transfected 被形成。但是未经治疗的房间在嘲笑控制死了。Angiostatin 被 RT-PCR 检测，蛋白质表示被免疫荧光在试验性的组检测并且西方污点。在三个组的房间增长和生长在试管内在显微镜下面分别地被观察。没有有效差量处于在是有或没有 angiostatin 的 transfected 的组之间的 GBC-SD 细胞的生长速度被观察。有上层清液的术后疗法，有效差量在内皮被观察房间(ECV-304 ) 生长在试管内。细胞增长和生长被禁止。结论：Angiostatin 直接不禁止人的胆囊癌房间增长和生长在试管内，但是 angiostatin 的分泌物住在内皮房间增长和生长。

Primary Pure Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: Case Report

Squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is rare and accounts for about 12.7% of all cases of gallbladder cancer. Pure squamous cell carcinoma is even less common with a reported incidence of 3.3%. We present a case of 72 year-old African-American woman with decreased appetite, fatigue, and weight loss associated with intermittent right upper quadrant pain for two months. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a mass in the gallbladder and the hepatic flexure of the colon with involvement of adjacent small bowel. On exploratory laparotomy, a mass at the dome of the gallbladder was found with local invasion of the hepatic flexure, and the proximal transverse colon. There was no obvious involvement of the duodenum, common bile duct, or the extra-hepatic biliary tree. An extended right hemicolectomy, distal small bowel resection, cholecystectomy, a wedge resection of the liver and a feeding jejunostomy, were performed. Pathologic evaluation demonstrated well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of gallbladder without evidence of distant metastasis. The patient improved clinically and was discharged home in good condition.

Branchiogenic Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Adenosquamous Features. Branchiogenic Carcinoma in the Setting of Another Head and Neck Primary: Literature Review and Report of a Case

The diagnosis of branchiogenic carcinoma is one of significant controversies in the field of head and neck oncology. Those who support its existence adhere to rigid criteria to validate its existence. Those that deny it, purport that the entity is simply metastatic disease masquerading as a branchial cleft primary. One aspect of agreement between the two opposing views is that a separate head and neck primary disqualifies the diagnosis of branchiogenic carcinoma. We report a case in which branchiogenic carcinoma was diagnosed in the presence of an additional base of tongue primary squamous cell carcinoma based on morphologic dissimilarity and evidence of origination from the basal layer of the branchial cleft epithelium. In doing so, we attempt to make the case that unequivocal histologic evidence of branchial cleft origin is the defining feature of branchiogenic carcinoma and, as with many other carcinomas, should be the diagnostic criterion of choice in issuing the diagnosis. A brief pertinent literature review is presented.

Skp2-RNAi suppresses proliferation and migration of gallbladder carcinoma cells by enhancing p27 expression

AIM:To explore the role of S-phase kinase-associated protein-2(Skp2)in gallbladder carcinoma and to identify whether depletion of Skp2 by Skp2-RNAi could attenuate proliferation and migration of gallbladder carcinoma.METHODS:Skp2-RNAi was transduced into cells of the gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD,using a lentiviral vector.The effect of Skp2-RNAi on the proliferation,migration,invasion and cell cycle of GBC-SD cells was studied using in vitro assays for cell proliferation,colony formation,wound healing and cell cycle.The expression of Skp2 and p27 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western immunoblotting.The effect of Skp2-RNAi on the proliferation of GBC-SD cells in vivo was investigated by tumorigenicity experiments in nude mice.RESULTS:Lentivirus-mediated RNAi reduced the expression of Skp2 in cultured cells.The expression of the p27 protein increased along with the down-regulation of Skp2,although no significant difference was found in p27 mRNA expression.Flow cytometry revealed that Skp2-RNAi transfection significantly increased the proportion of cells in the S phase and significantly decreased the proportion of cells in the G 2 /M phase.No significant difference in the frequency of cells in the G0/G1 phase was observed.The results from the cell proliferation,colony formation and wound healing assays revealed that Skp2-RNAi transfection markedly inhibited the proliferation and migration of GBC-SD cells in vitro.Additionally,tumorigenicity experiments showed that suppression of Skp2 significantly decreased the weights of the tumors(0.56 ± 0.11 and 0.55 ± 0.07 g in the control and Scr-RNAi groups vs 0.37 ± 0.09 and 0.35 ± 0.08 g in the Skp2-RNAi-L and Skp2-RNAi-H groups).CONCLUSION:The expression of Skp2 in GBC-SD cells was inhibited following Skp2-RNAi transfection.Silencing of the Skp2 gene inhibited proliferation,migration and invasiveness of GBC-SD cells by mechanisms dependent on enhanced expression of the p27 protein.

Adenosquamous carcinoma may have an inferior prognosis to signet ring cell carcinoma in patients with stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC)is an exceedingly rare histological subtype.Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(SRC)is a unique subtype with distinct tumor biology and clinical features.The prognosis of gastric ASC vs SRC has not been well established to date.We hypothesized that further knowledge about these distinct cancers would improve the clinical management of such patients.AIM To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric ASC vs SRC.METHODS A cohort of gastric cancer patients was retrospectively collected from the Surveillance,epidemiology,and end results program database.The 1:4 propensity score matching was performed among this cohort.The clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric ASC were compared with gastric SRC by descriptive statistics.Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to calculate the median survival of the two groups of patients.Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify prognostic factors.RESULTS Totally 6063 patients with gastric ASC or SRC were identified.A cohort of 465 patients was recruited to the matched population,including 370 patients with SRC and 95 patients with ASC.Gastric ASC showed an inferior prognosis to SRC after propensity score matching.In the post-matching cohort,the median cancer specific survival was 13.0(9.7-16.3)mo in the ASC group vs 20.0(15.7-24.3)mo in the SRC group,and the median overall survival had a similar trend(P<0.05).ASC and higher tumor-node-metastasis stage were independently associated with a poor survival,while radiotherapy and surgery were independent protective factors for improved prognosis.Subgroup survival analysis revealed that the prognosis of ASC was inferior to SRC only in stages I and II patients.CONCLUSION ASC may have an inferior prognosis to SRC in patients with stages I and II gastric cancer.Our study supports radiotherapy and surgery for the future management of this clinically rare entity.

CD133^+ gallbladder carcinoma cells exhibit self-renewal ability and tumorigenicity

AIM:To identify cancer stem cells(CSCs) in human gallbladder carcinomas(GBCs).METHODS:Primary GBC cells were cultured under serum-free conditions to produce floating spheres.The stem-cell properties of the sphere-forming cells,including self-renewal,differentiation potential,chemoresistance and tumorigenicity,were determined in vitro or in vivo.Cell surface expression of CD133 was investigated in primary tumors and in spheroid cells using flow cytometry.The sphere-colony-formation ability and tumorigenicity of CD133+ cells were assayed.RESULTS:In vitro culture experiments revealed thatfloating spheroids were generated from primary GBC cells,and these sphere-forming cells could generate new progeny spheroids in serum-free media.Spheroid cells were differentiated under serum-containing conditions with downregulation of the stem cell markers Oct-4,Nanog,and nestin(P < 0.05).The differentiated cells showed lower spheroid-colony-formation ability than the original spheroid cells(P < 0.05).Spheroid cells were more resistant to chemotherapeutic reagents than the congenetic adherent cells(P < 0.05).Flow cytometry showed enriched CD133+ population in sphereforming cells(P < 0.05).CD133+ cells possessed high colony-formation ability than the CD133-population(P < 0.01).CD133+ cells injected into nude mice revealed higher tumorigenicity than their antigen-negative counterparts(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:CD133 may be a cell surface marker for CSCs in GBC.

Inflammatory cytokines promote inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated DNA damage in hamster gallbladder epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the link between chronic biliary inflammation and carcinogenesis using hamster gallbladder epithelial cells. METHODS: Gallbladder epithelial cells were isolated from hamsters and cultured with a mixture of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-α. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression,nitric oxide (NO) generation,and DNA damage were evaluated. RESULTS: NO generation was increased significantly following cytokine stimulation,and suppressed by an iNOS inhibitor. iNOS mRNA expression was demonstrated in the gallbladder epithelial cells during exposure to inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore,NO-dependent DNA damage,estimated by the comet assay,was significantly increased by cytokines,and decreased to control levels by an iNOS inhibitor. CONCLUSION: Cytokine stimulation induced iNOS expression and NO generation in normal hamster gallbladder epithelial cells,which was sufficient to cause DNA damage. These results indicate that NO-mediated genotoxicity induced by inflammatory cytokines through activation of iNOS may be involved in the process of biliary carcinogenesis in response to chronic inflammation of the biliary tree.

Adenosquamous Carcinoma Affecting the Maxilla: A Case Report and Review

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the head and neck (ASC) is a rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma, a locally aggressive malignancy characterized by the presence of two distinct components: a squamous cell carcinoma and an adenocarcinoma. The purpose of this study was to report an additional rare case of adenosquamous carcinoma affecting the maxilla, with clinical microscopic features and a complex mid-facial rehabilitation.

Interaction among Rb/p16, Rb/E2F1 and HDAC1 Proteins in Gallbladder Carcinoma

The mechanism and interaction among Rb/p16, Rb/E2F1 and HDAC1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma were investigated. By using the immunoprecipitation method, the interactions among Rb, p16, E2F1, HDAC1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma cell line （Mz-ChA-1） were studied. It was found that there were Rb and E2F1 proteins in the precipitates with anti-HDAC1, and there were HDAC1 and E2F1 proteins in the precipitate with anti-Rb. It was concluded that there are specific interactions among Rb, HDAC1 and E2F1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma, indicating the existence of the direct Rb/E2F1/HDAC1 signal transduction pathway. There is no direct relationship between p16 proteins with Rb, HDAC1, and E2F1 proteins.

Immunotherapy as adjuvant therapy for a patient with adenosquamous carcinoma of the intrahepatic bile duct:A case report and literature review

Adenosquamous carcinoma(ASC)is a rare histological type of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,which includes both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.The clinical features,physical examination,routine laboratory tests,and imaging examinations of patients with ASC are nonspecific.ASC is easily misdiagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma,and patients with ASC always have a poor prognosis.This study reports a patient with ASC who was diagnosed based on pathological results,underwent surgical resection,and received postoperative chemotherapy(gemcitabine plus cisplatin)combined with immunotherapy(sintilimab).During the 1-year follow-up,the patient was in good condition,and no signs of cancer recurrence were noted.This case highlights that surgical resection and chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy may be feasible for patients with ASC.

Targeting gallbladder carcinoma： bone marrow-derived stem cells as therapeutic delivery vehicles of myxoma virus

Background Gallbladder carcinoma （GBC） has a high mortality rate,requiring synergistic anti-tumor management for effective treatment.The myxoma virus （MYXV） exhibits a modest clinical value through its oncolytic potential and narrow host tropism.Methods We performed viral replication assays,cell viability assays,migration assays,and xenograft tumor models to demonstrate that bone marrow-derived stem cells （BMSCs） may enhance efficiency of intravenous MYXV delivery.Results We examined the permissiveness of various GBC cell lines towards MYXV infection and found two supported single and multiple rounds of MYXV replication,leading to an oncolytic effect.Furthermore,we found that BMSCs exhibited tropism for GBC cells within a Matrigel migration system.BMSCs failed to affect the growth of GBC cells,in terms of tumor volume and survival time.Finally,we demonstrated in vivo that intravenous injection of MYXV-infected BMSCs significantly improves the oncolytic effect of MYXV alone,almost to the same extent as intratumoral injection of MYXV.Conclusion This study indicates that BMSCs are a promising novel vehicle for MYXV to clinically address gallbladder tumors.

乳腺鳞状细胞癌和乳腺腺鳞癌临床病理特征、治疗和预后因素分析

目的:探讨和比较乳腺鳞状细胞癌和乳腺腺鳞癌患者的临床病理特征、治疗和预后因素的差异。方法:依据纳入、排除标准提取美国综合国立癌症研究所监测、流行病学和结果(The Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results,SEER)数据库2000年至2018年诊断为乳腺浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinom,IDC)、乳腺鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)和乳腺腺鳞癌(adenosquamous carcinoma,ASC)患者资料,分析人群的临床病理特征及治疗差异,采用Cox回归模型评估SCC和ASC患者乳腺癌特异性生存期(breast cancer-specific survival,BCSS)和总生存期(overall survival,OS)的独立预后因素并计算风险比(HR)和95%置信区间(CI),通过倾向性评分匹配法(propensity score matching,PSM)均衡组间混杂因素,并用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,用Log-rank检验分析预后差异。结果:SEER数据库中共有813451例IDC、579例SCC和397例ASC患者被纳入研究,IDC较SCC和ASC的诊断年龄更早,肿瘤直径更小,TNM分期更早,组织学分级更好,Lumina亚型比例更多,预后更好;多因素Cox回归分析显示,针对SCC,诊断年龄、种族、T分期、N分期、M分期、手术方式是BCSS的独立预后因素;诊断年龄、种族、T分期、N分期、手术方式是OS的独立预后因素。针对ASC,诊断年龄、T分期和N分期是BCSS的独立预后因素;诊断年龄、T分期和N分期是OS的独立预后因素。结论:SCC和ASC较IDC更具侵袭性,预后更差,排除混杂变量影响后,IDC、SCC和ASC对预后的影响无显著差别。预后更差的原因是肿瘤分期更晚,三阴性乳腺癌比例更高,而非病理类型本身,临床上对于SCC和ASC的治疗应该更加规范。

血清sTIM-3、YKL-40水平与胆囊癌患者术后预后的相关性

目的 探讨血清可溶性T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(sTIM-3)、人软骨糖蛋白39(YKL-40)水平与胆囊癌手术患者术后预后的相关性。方法 纳入110例胆囊癌患者,根据术后随访情况将其分为预后良好组(65例)和预后不良组(45例)。比较两组的一般临床资料及术前血清sTIM-3、YKL-40水平。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析术前不同血清sTIM-3、YKL-40水平与胆囊癌患者术后预后的关系。采用多因素COX回归模型分析影响胆囊癌患者术后预后不良的因素。采用受试者工作特征曲线分析术前血清sTIM-3、YKL-40水平单独及联合预测胆囊癌患者术后预后不良的价值。结果 与预后良好组比较,预后不良组肿瘤低/中分化程度、肿瘤直径>3 cm、有淋巴结转移、胆总管浸润及肝脏浸润的患者比例,以及术前血清sTIM-3、YKL-40水平升高(P<0.05)。sTIM-3、YKL-40低水平患者的3年生存率、3年无进展生存率分别高于sTIM-3、YKL-40高水平患者(P<0.05)。术前血清sTIM-3水平升高、术前血清YKL-40水平升高、肿瘤低/中分化程度、淋巴结转移是胆囊癌患者术后发生不良预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。术前血清sTIM-3、YKL-40水平单独及联合预测胆囊癌患者术后预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.782、0.785、0.903,两者联合的AUC优于单一指标的AUC(P<0.05)。结论 术前血清sTIM-3、YKL-40水平升高与胆囊癌患者术后预后不良密切相关,二者对胆囊癌手术患者术后预后有一定的预测价值,且二者联合预测的效能更高。

胆囊鳞癌及腺鳞癌临床病理特征分析及预后预测模型构建

目的分析胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌的预后影响因素并构建预后预测模型。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2021年12月东方肝胆外科医院行外科手术切除的114例胆囊鳞癌及腺鳞癌患者的临床资料。通过单因素和多因素Cox回归分析确定胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌的预后影响因素,并构建列线图(Nomogram)预测模型。应用C-指数、ROC曲线以及校准曲线对模型进行评估。结果单因素分析结果提示,T分期、TNM分期、切缘性质、血管侵犯、联合肝切除、淋巴结清扫是胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌患者术后生存的影响因素。多因素Cox回归分析提示,只有T分期、联合肝切除是鳞癌和腺鳞癌患者术后生存的重要影响因素,此时赤池信息测量准则(AIC)值最小(720.66),并据此建立胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌Nomogram预测模型。该模型C-指数为0.614(95%Ci 0.585~0.643)。1年、2年、3年ROC曲线下面积分别为0.605、0.598、0.592。校准曲线图可见实际观测值与预测值具有较好的一致性。结论T分期、联合肝切除是胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌患者术后生存的重要影响因素,据此建立的Nomogram具有一定的区分度和准确度,有一定的临床参考价值。

白藜芦醇抑制胆囊癌细胞生长与诱导细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的探讨白藜芦醇(Res)对胆囊癌细胞(GBC)和正常成纤维细胞(3T3)体外增殖的影响,进而观察Res对GBC和3T3细胞凋亡的影响。方法MTT法测定肿瘤细胞生长抑制率;流式细胞术分析细胞周期,检测细胞凋亡;SABC法检测细胞bcl2、cmyc、p53蛋白表达。结果Res呈浓度依赖性抑制GBC细胞的生长与增殖(P<0.01),抑制率最高可达54%。Res能明显诱导GBC细胞凋亡,凋亡率最高为30.52%;处理组较对照组G1期细胞由34.88%上升至55.47±3.95%,S期细胞减少8.41%～17.54%,呈明显的G0/G1期阻滞现象。GBC细胞的bcl2、cmyc基因蛋白表达降低,而p53基因蛋白表达增强。结论Res能通过诱导GBC细胞凋亡而抑制其生长与增殖,但对3T3细胞无此作用。

傅里叶变换红外光谱用于胆囊癌细胞及其细胞核结构的基础研究

应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对体外培养胆囊癌细胞、细胞核进行检测,对照胆囊癌组织光谱特征,研究胆囊癌细胞株及细胞核的光谱表现;为红外光谱法诊断胆囊癌奠定细胞学基础。应用美国Nico-let(尼高力)公司5700-Ⅱ型红外光谱仪,组织标本放置于OMNIC采样器表面进行检测,记录红外光谱;体外培养胆囊癌细胞株(GBC-SD)及提取的细胞核涂于欧米采样器表面进行红外检测,记录红外光谱,得到时间轴上体外培养细胞株及细胞核的光谱图;选择特征性光谱与胆囊癌组织光谱进行比对。结果发现胆囊癌细胞株红外光谱特征与相应癌组织光谱特征存在异同。从而可得出结论:将体外培养肿瘤细胞株及提取的肿瘤细胞核,进行FTIR测定是行之有效的细胞红外光谱检测手段,能得到体外培养细胞的红外谱图;胆囊癌组织所表现的红外光谱特征具有胆囊癌细胞本身的红外光谱特征,同时也具有组织自身的复杂特点;FTIR为应用于胆囊癌的定性诊断提供了更加丰富的细胞学基础。

胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌12例临床分析

目的总结原发性胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析了解放军总医院肝胆外科1994-2004年收治的胆囊癌12例(鳞癌4例,腺鳞癌8例),男女各6例。结果行根治性手术9例,姑息性手术3例。12例中有11例得到随访,其中2例在1年后死亡,1例在半年后死亡,其余均在半年内死亡。术后中位生存期108d。结论胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌恶性程度高,但远处转移较少,有利于手术切除。术后放疗有可能是一个有效的方法。