Organisms produce high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)to kill pathogens or act as signaling molecules to induce immune responses;however,excessive ROS can result in cell death.To maintain ROS balance and cell s...Organisms produce high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)to kill pathogens or act as signaling molecules to induce immune responses;however,excessive ROS can result in cell death.To maintain ROS balance and cell survival,mitophagy selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria via mitophagy receptors in vertebrates.In marine invertebrates,however,mitophagy and its functions remain largely unknown.In the current study,Vibrio splendidus infection damaged mitochondrial morphology in coelomocytes and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm)and mitophagosome formation.The colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes further confirmed that lipopolysaccharide(LPS)treatment increased mitophagy flux.To explore the regulatory mechanism of mitophagy,we cloned Bcl2/adenovirus E1 B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3(BNIP3),a common mitophagy receptor,from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Aj BNIP3)and confirmed that Aj BNIP3 was significantly induced and accumulated in mitochondria after V.splendidus infection and LPS exposure.At the mitochondrial membrane,Aj BNIP3 interacts with microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)on phagophore membranes to mediate mitophagy.After Aj BNIP3 interference,mitophagy flux decreased significantly.Furthermore,Aj BNIP3-mediated mitophagy was activated by ROS following the addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2),ROS scavengers,and ROS inhibitors.Finally,inhibition of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy by Aj BNIP3 small interfering RNA(si RNA)or high concentrations of lactate increased apoptosis and decreased coelomocyte survival.These findings highlight the essential role of Aj BNIP3 in damaged mitochondrial degradation during mitophagy.This mitophagy activity is required for coelomocyte survival in A.japonicus against V.splendidus infection.展开更多
Mitophagy is one of the important targets for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MIRI).Moderate mitophagy can remove damaged mitochondria,inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species a...Mitophagy is one of the important targets for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MIRI).Moderate mitophagy can remove damaged mitochondria,inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation,and protect mitochondria from damage.However,excessive enhancement of mitophagy greatly reduces adenosine triphosphate production and energy supply for cell survival,and aggravates cell death.How dysfunctional mitochondria are selectively recognized and engulfed is related to the interaction of adaptors on the mitochondrial membrane,which mainly include phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)-induced kinase 1/Parkin,hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/Bcl-2 and adenovirus e1b19k Da interacting protein 3,FUN-14 domain containing protein 1 receptor-mediated mitophagy pathway and so on.In this review,the authors briefly summarize the main pathways currently studied on mitophagy and the relationship between mitophagy and MIRI,and incorporate and analyze research data on prevention and treatment of MIRI with Chinese medicine,thereby provide relevant theoretical basis and treatment ideas for clinical prevention of MIRI.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32073003,32102825)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ19C190001)+1 种基金Key Project from Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2019R52016)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Organisms produce high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)to kill pathogens or act as signaling molecules to induce immune responses;however,excessive ROS can result in cell death.To maintain ROS balance and cell survival,mitophagy selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria via mitophagy receptors in vertebrates.In marine invertebrates,however,mitophagy and its functions remain largely unknown.In the current study,Vibrio splendidus infection damaged mitochondrial morphology in coelomocytes and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm)and mitophagosome formation.The colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes further confirmed that lipopolysaccharide(LPS)treatment increased mitophagy flux.To explore the regulatory mechanism of mitophagy,we cloned Bcl2/adenovirus E1 B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3(BNIP3),a common mitophagy receptor,from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus(Aj BNIP3)and confirmed that Aj BNIP3 was significantly induced and accumulated in mitochondria after V.splendidus infection and LPS exposure.At the mitochondrial membrane,Aj BNIP3 interacts with microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)on phagophore membranes to mediate mitophagy.After Aj BNIP3 interference,mitophagy flux decreased significantly.Furthermore,Aj BNIP3-mediated mitophagy was activated by ROS following the addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2),ROS scavengers,and ROS inhibitors.Finally,inhibition of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy by Aj BNIP3 small interfering RNA(si RNA)or high concentrations of lactate increased apoptosis and decreased coelomocyte survival.These findings highlight the essential role of Aj BNIP3 in damaged mitochondrial degradation during mitophagy.This mitophagy activity is required for coelomocyte survival in A.japonicus against V.splendidus infection.
基金Supported by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Research and Innovation Team Project(No.2019-JYB-TD-08)Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81803906)。
文摘Mitophagy is one of the important targets for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury(MIRI).Moderate mitophagy can remove damaged mitochondria,inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation,and protect mitochondria from damage.However,excessive enhancement of mitophagy greatly reduces adenosine triphosphate production and energy supply for cell survival,and aggravates cell death.How dysfunctional mitochondria are selectively recognized and engulfed is related to the interaction of adaptors on the mitochondrial membrane,which mainly include phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)-induced kinase 1/Parkin,hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/Bcl-2 and adenovirus e1b19k Da interacting protein 3,FUN-14 domain containing protein 1 receptor-mediated mitophagy pathway and so on.In this review,the authors briefly summarize the main pathways currently studied on mitophagy and the relationship between mitophagy and MIRI,and incorporate and analyze research data on prevention and treatment of MIRI with Chinese medicine,thereby provide relevant theoretical basis and treatment ideas for clinical prevention of MIRI.
