The pathogenicity of white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） to zooplankton species, rotifer Brachionus urceus （Linnaeus）, copepod Acartia clausi （Giesbrecht） and mysid shrimp Neomysis awatschensis （ Brandt ）, was es...The pathogenicity of white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） to zooplankton species, rotifer Brachionus urceus （Linnaeus）, copepod Acartia clausi （Giesbrecht） and mysid shrimp Neomysis awatschensis （ Brandt ）, was estimated by immersion challenge and virus - phytoplankton adhesion mute to investigate a potential new transmission mute of WSSV to zooplankton. WSSV succeeded in infecting these zooplankton species and nested-PCR revealed positive results for the virus - phytoplankton adhesion mute, whereas WSSV cannot infect zooplankton by immersion challenge. These results indicated that virus - phytoplankton adhesion route is a successful new transmission mute of WSSV to zooplankton and also implied that phytoplankton could be a carrier in WSSV transmission.展开更多
Nanohairs, which can be found on the epidermis of Tokay gecko＇s toes, contribute to the adhesion by means of van der Waals force, capillary force, etc. This structure has inspired many researchers to fabricate the at...Nanohairs, which can be found on the epidermis of Tokay gecko＇s toes, contribute to the adhesion by means of van der Waals force, capillary force, etc. This structure has inspired many researchers to fabricate the attachable nano-scale structures. However, the efficiency of artificial nano-scale structures is not reliable sufficiently. Moreover, the mechanical parameters related to the nano-hair attachment are not yet revealed qualitatively. The mechanical parameters which have influence on the ability of adhesive nano-hairs were investigated through numerical simulation in which only van der Waals force was considered. For the numerical analysis, finite element method was utilized and van der Waals force, assumed as 12-6 Lennard-Jones potential, was implemented as the body force term in the finite element formulation.展开更多
TIEGCM(Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model)是NCAR/HAO(The High Altitude Observatory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research)开发的一个三维时变全球尺度电离层-热层耦合数值模式.我们...TIEGCM(Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model)是NCAR/HAO(The High Altitude Observatory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research)开发的一个三维时变全球尺度电离层-热层耦合数值模式.我们将该模式的输出参数hmF2与经验模式国际参考电离层(International Reference Ionosphere,IRI)-2016的结果以及中国地区12个电离层测高仪的hmF2观测数据进行了对比,给出了TIEGCM模式在地磁活动平静条件下中国区域不同季节的预测性能分析.总体来看,TIEGCM模式在所有观测站都表现良好,一定程度上能很好地进行中国区域电离层hmF2参量研究.且TIEGCM模拟电离层变化的性能比IRI要高25%左右,能在一定程度上进行电离层半年异常和赤道异常模拟.但无论是与IRI模型还是与观测相比,TIEGCM模式均存在一定的误差.并且误差在低纬地区以及日出日落时段波动较大,这些结果为我们以后进行潜在的模式精度控制提供了理论依据.展开更多
In this study, we developed a general method to analytically tackle a kind of movable boundary problem from the viewpoint of energy variation. Having grouped the adhesion of a micro-beam, droplet and carbon nanotube ...In this study, we developed a general method to analytically tackle a kind of movable boundary problem from the viewpoint of energy variation. Having grouped the adhesion of a micro-beam, droplet and carbon nanotube （CNT） ring on a substrate into one framework, we used the developed line of reasoning to investigate the adhesion behaviors of these systems. Based upon the derived governing equations and transversality conditions, explicit solutions involving the critical parameters and morphologies for the three systems are successfully obtained, and then the parameter analogies and common characteristics of them are thor- oughly investigated. The presented method has been verified via the concept of energy release rate in fracture mechanics. Our analyses provide a new approach for exploring the mechanism of different systems with similarities as well as for understanding the unity of nature. The analysis results may be beneficial for the design of nano-structured materi- als, and hold potential for enhancing their mechanical, chemical, optical and electronic properties.展开更多
基金Funding for this research was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 30371111； the National ＂973＂ Project of China under contract No. G1999012011；the National＂ 863＂ Program of China under contract No. 2002AA648010 ； the Tenth National Five Year Major Program of China under contract No. 2001BAS05B.
文摘The pathogenicity of white spot syndrome virus （WSSV） to zooplankton species, rotifer Brachionus urceus （Linnaeus）, copepod Acartia clausi （Giesbrecht） and mysid shrimp Neomysis awatschensis （ Brandt ）, was estimated by immersion challenge and virus - phytoplankton adhesion mute to investigate a potential new transmission mute of WSSV to zooplankton. WSSV succeeded in infecting these zooplankton species and nested-PCR revealed positive results for the virus - phytoplankton adhesion mute, whereas WSSV cannot infect zooplankton by immersion challenge. These results indicated that virus - phytoplankton adhesion route is a successful new transmission mute of WSSV to zooplankton and also implied that phytoplankton could be a carrier in WSSV transmission.
文摘Nanohairs, which can be found on the epidermis of Tokay gecko＇s toes, contribute to the adhesion by means of van der Waals force, capillary force, etc. This structure has inspired many researchers to fabricate the attachable nano-scale structures. However, the efficiency of artificial nano-scale structures is not reliable sufficiently. Moreover, the mechanical parameters related to the nano-hair attachment are not yet revealed qualitatively. The mechanical parameters which have influence on the ability of adhesive nano-hairs were investigated through numerical simulation in which only van der Waals force was considered. For the numerical analysis, finite element method was utilized and van der Waals force, assumed as 12-6 Lennard-Jones potential, was implemented as the body force term in the finite element formulation.
文摘TIEGCM(Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model)是NCAR/HAO(The High Altitude Observatory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research)开发的一个三维时变全球尺度电离层-热层耦合数值模式.我们将该模式的输出参数hmF2与经验模式国际参考电离层(International Reference Ionosphere,IRI)-2016的结果以及中国地区12个电离层测高仪的hmF2观测数据进行了对比,给出了TIEGCM模式在地磁活动平静条件下中国区域不同季节的预测性能分析.总体来看,TIEGCM模式在所有观测站都表现良好,一定程度上能很好地进行中国区域电离层hmF2参量研究.且TIEGCM模拟电离层变化的性能比IRI要高25%左右,能在一定程度上进行电离层半年异常和赤道异常模拟.但无论是与IRI模型还是与观测相比,TIEGCM模式均存在一定的误差.并且误差在低纬地区以及日出日落时段波动较大,这些结果为我们以后进行潜在的模式精度控制提供了理论依据.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11272357 and 11102140)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (200804251520 and 20110141120024)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2009AQ006)
文摘In this study, we developed a general method to analytically tackle a kind of movable boundary problem from the viewpoint of energy variation. Having grouped the adhesion of a micro-beam, droplet and carbon nanotube （CNT） ring on a substrate into one framework, we used the developed line of reasoning to investigate the adhesion behaviors of these systems. Based upon the derived governing equations and transversality conditions, explicit solutions involving the critical parameters and morphologies for the three systems are successfully obtained, and then the parameter analogies and common characteristics of them are thor- oughly investigated. The presented method has been verified via the concept of energy release rate in fracture mechanics. Our analyses provide a new approach for exploring the mechanism of different systems with similarities as well as for understanding the unity of nature. The analysis results may be beneficial for the design of nano-structured materi- als, and hold potential for enhancing their mechanical, chemical, optical and electronic properties.
