Catch organism assemblages along artificial reefs area and adjacent waters in Haizhou Bay

To better understand the community patterns mediated by connectivity in artificial reefs of coastal areas, it is necessary to understand the distribution and coexistence of organisms with artificial reefs area and adjacent waters. This study was conducted to examine main catches assemblages collected by trawls in Haizhou Bay,which included five habitats: the artificial reef area(AR), aquaculture area(AA), natural area(NA), estuary area(EA) and comprehensive effect area(CEA). The result shows that the total abundances of species in the five habitats were highly different(univariate PERMANOVA: P = 0.001, n = 24), but some species were also unique in their habitat(e.g. Scapharca subcrenata and Glossaulax didyma in AA). The body size distribution of specific species between habitats are different. For Collichthys lucidus, their body size in AR(14.63 cm ± 1.64 cm) and EA(14.3 cm ± 0.85 cm) is higher than that in NA(10.65 cm ± 1.64 cm), CEA(11.28 cm ± 1.85 cm) and AA(12.1 cm ±0.43 cm), which indicates the potential connection from AR to EA mediated by their adult population. We concluded that artificial reefs in AR can be considered key components that have the ability to support species assemblages in adjacent habitats. This study has implications for the conservation and monitoring of species assemblages in coastal areas in terms of that artificial reefs can be applied in different stages of habitat protection implementation and in different combinations of scenarios.

Privacy-Preserving Multi-Keyword Fuzzy Adjacency Search Strategy for Encrypted Graph in Cloud Environment

In a cloud environment,outsourced graph data is widely used in companies,enterprises,medical institutions,and so on.Data owners and users can save costs and improve efficiency by storing large amounts of graph data on cloud servers.Servers on cloud platforms usually have some subjective or objective attacks,which make the outsourced graph data in an insecure state.The issue of privacy data protection has become an important obstacle to data sharing and usage.How to query outsourcing graph data safely and effectively has become the focus of research.Adjacency query is a basic and frequently used operation in graph,and it will effectively promote the query range and query ability if multi-keyword fuzzy search can be supported at the same time.This work proposes to protect the privacy information of outsourcing graph data by encryption,mainly studies the problem of multi-keyword fuzzy adjacency query,and puts forward a solution.In our scheme,we use the Bloom filter and encryption mechanism to build a secure index and query token,and adjacency queries are implemented through indexes and query tokens on the cloud server.Our proposed scheme is proved by formal analysis,and the performance and effectiveness of the scheme are illustrated by experimental analysis.The research results of this work will provide solid theoretical and technical support for the further popularization and application of encrypted graph data processing technology.

Close relationship between mediators of inflammation and pancreatic cancer:Our experience

In this editorial,we focus specifically on the mechanisms by which pancreatic inflammation affects pancreatic cancer.Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types.The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries.Trends of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality vary considerably worldwide.A better understanding of the etiology and identification of the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease.Pancreatic tumors are characterized by a complex microenvironment that orchestrates metabolic alterations and supports a milieu of interactions among various cell types within this niche.In this editorial,we highlight the foundational studies that have driven our understanding of these processes.In our experimental center,we have carefully studied the mechanisms of that link pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic cancer.We focused on the role of mast cells(MCs).MCs contain pro-angiogenic factors,including tryptase,that are associated with increased angiogenesis in various tumors.In this editorial,we address the role of MCs in angiogenesis in both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue.The assessment includes the density of c-Kit receptor-positive MCs,the density of tryptase-positive MCs,the area of tryptasepositive MCs,and angiogenesis in terms of microvascularization density.

AFSTGCN:Prediction for multivariate time series using an adaptive fused spatial-temporal graph convolutional network

The prediction for Multivariate Time Series(MTS)explores the interrelationships among variables at historical moments,extracts their relevant characteristics,and is widely used in finance,weather,complex industries and other fields.Furthermore,it is important to construct a digital twin system.However,existing methods do not take full advantage of the potential properties of variables,which results in poor predicted accuracy.In this paper,we propose the Adaptive Fused Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network(AFSTGCN).First,to address the problem of the unknown spatial-temporal structure,we construct the Adaptive Fused Spatial-Temporal Graph(AFSTG)layer.Specifically,we fuse the spatial-temporal graph based on the interrelationship of spatial graphs.Simultaneously,we construct the adaptive adjacency matrix of the spatial-temporal graph using node embedding methods.Subsequently,to overcome the insufficient extraction of disordered correlation features,we construct the Adaptive Fused Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional(AFSTGC)module.The module forces the reordering of disordered temporal,spatial and spatial-temporal dependencies into rule-like data.AFSTGCN dynamically and synchronously acquires potential temporal,spatial and spatial-temporal correlations,thereby fully extracting rich hierarchical feature information to enhance the predicted accuracy.Experiments on different types of MTS datasets demonstrate that the model achieves state-of-the-art single-step and multi-step performance compared with eight other deep learning models.

Parameters Optimization and Performance Evaluation of the Tuned Inerter Damper for the Seismic Protection of Adjacent Building Structures

In order to improve the seismic performance of adjacent buildings,two types of tuned inerter damper(TID)damping systems for adjacent buildings are proposed,which are composed of springs,inerter devices and dampers in serial or in parallel.The dynamic equations of TID adjacent building damping systems were derived,and the H2 norm criterion was used to optimize and adjust them,so that the system had the optimum damping performance under white noise random excitation.Taking TID frequency ratio and damping ratio as optimization parameters,the optimum analytical solutions of the displacement frequency response of the undamped structure under white noise excitation were obtained.The results showed that compared with the classic TMD,TID could obtain a better damping effect in the adjacent buildings.Comparing the TIDs composed of serial or parallel,it was found that the parallel TIDs had more significant advantages in controlling the peak displacement frequency response,while the H2 norm of the displacement frequency response of the damping system under the coupling of serial TID was smaller.Taking the adjacent building composed of two ten-story frame structures as an example,the displacement and energy collection time history analysis of the adjacent building coupled with the optimum design parameter TIDs were carried out.It was found that TID had a better damping effect in the full-time range compared with the classic TMD.This paper also studied the potential power of TID in adjacent buildings,which can be converted into available power resources during earthquakes.

Influence of lithospheric thickness distribution on oil and gas basins,China seas and adjacent areas

The distribution of oil and gas resources is intricately connected to the underlying structure of the lithosphere.Therefore,investigating the characteristics of lithospheric thickness and its correlation with oil and gas basins is highly important.This research utilizes recently enhanced geological–geophysical data,including topographic,geoid,rock layer thickness,variable rock layer density,and interface depth data.Employing the principles of lithospheric isostasy and heat conduction,we compute the laterally varying lithospheric thickness in the China seas and adjacent areas.From these results,two pivotal parameters for different types of oil and gas basins were statistically analyzed:the minimum lithospheric thickness and the relative fluctuation in lithospheric thickness.A semiquantitative analysis was used to explore the connection between these parameters and the hydrocarbon abundance within the oil and gas basins.This study unveils distinct variations in lithospheric thickness among basins,with oil and gas rich basins exhibiting a thicker lithosphere in the superimposed basins of central China and a thinner lithosphere in the rift basins of eastern China.Notably,the relative fluctuations in lithospheric thickness in basins demonstrate significant disparities:basins rich in oil and gas often exhibit greater thickness fluctuations.Additionally,in the offshore basins of China,a conspicuous negative linear correlation is observed between the minimum lithospheric thickness and the relative fluctuation in lithospheric thickness.This study posits that deep-seated thermal upwelling results in lithospheric undulations and extensional thinning in oil and gas basins.Concurrently,sustained deep-seated heat influences sedimentary materials in basins,creating favorable conditions for oil and gas generation.The insights derived from this study contribute to a quantitative understanding of the intricate relationships between deep lithospheric structures and oil and gas basins.These findings provide valuable guidance for future oil and gas exploration in the studied areas.

Clinical efficacy,bone density,and follow-up in implant and orthodontic treatment for inclined adjacent teeth

BACKGROUND Tooth defects can cause elongation of occlusal teeth,leading to insufficient repair space.The combination of dental implant restoration and orthodontic treatment of oblique adjacent teeth has a significant therapeutic effect.AIM To explore clinical efficacy,bone density,and follow-up of implant and orthodontic treatment for patients with inclined adjacent teeth.METHODS In total,98 patients with oblique adjacent teeth were randomly assigned to implant restoration combined with orthodontic treatment(group A,n=49)or to receive implant restoration alone(group B,n=49).Changes in alveolar ridge bone density and apical bone density were observed before and after treatment in the two groups.Changes in chewing function and language function were compared between the two groups of patients.Follow-up lasted for 12 mo after repair to observe any adverse reactions in the oral cavity.RESULTS The clinical effective rates of group A and group B were 97.96%and 85.71%,respectively,with group A having a higher clinical effective rate than group B.After treatment,the bone density of the alveolar ridge and apical bone in both groups decreased compared to before treatment,while the chewing and language functions improved.The changes in various indicators in group A were more significant.After treatment,the satisfaction rate of group A(97.96%)was higher than that of group B(79.59%).The incidence of adverse reactions in group A(2.04%)was lower than that in group B(24.49%).CONCLUSION The amalgamation of implant restoration and orthodontic treatment for adjacent tilted teeth demonstrates notable clinical efficacy,diminishes alveolar bone resorption,and fosters patient functional rehabilitation while exhibiting negligible adverse reactions.

Risk factors and clinical significance of posterior slip of the proximal vertebral body after lower lumbar fusion

BACKGROUND Adjacent segment disease(ASD)after fusion surgery is frequently manifests as a cranial segment instability,disc herniation,spinal canal stenosis,spondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis.The risk factors and mechanisms of ASD have been widely discussed but never clearly defined.AIM To investigate the risk factors and clinical significance of retrograde movement of the proximal vertebral body after lower lumbar fusion.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of patients who underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery between September 2015 and July 2021 and who were followed up for more than 2 years.Ninety-one patients with degenerative lumbar diseases were included(22 males and 69 females),with an average age of 52.3 years(40-73 years).According to whether there was retrograde movement of the adjacent vertebral body on postoperative X-rays,the patients were divided into retrograde and nonretrograde groups.The sagittal parameters of the spine and pelvis were evaluated before surgery,after surgery,and at the final follow-up.At the same time,the Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)and Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)were used to evaluate the patients’quality of life.RESULTS Nineteen patients(20.9%)who experienced retrograde movement of proximal adjacent segments were included in this study.The pelvic incidence(PI)of the patients in the retrograde group were significantly higher than those of the patients in the nonretrograde group before surgery,after surgery and at the final follow-up(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in lumbar lordosis(LL)between the two groups before the operation,but LL in the retrograde group was significantly greater than that in the nonretrograde group postoperatively and at the final follow-up.No significant differences were detected in terms of the|PI–LL|,and there was no significant difference in the preoperative lordosis distribution index(LDI)between the two groups.The LDIs of the retrograde group were 68.1%±11.5%and 67.2%±11.9%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the nonretrograde group(75.7%±10.4%and 74.3%±9.4%,respectively)(P<0.05).Moreover,the patients in the retrograde group had a greater incidence of a LDI<50%than those in the nonretrograde group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the ODI or VAS scores between the two groups before the operation,but the ODI and VAS scores in the retrograde group were significantly worse than those in the nonretrograde group after the operation and at the last follow-up,(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The incidence of posterior slippage after lower lumbar fusion was approximately 20.9%.The risk factors are related to a higher PI and distribution of lumbar lordosis.When a patient has a high PI and insufficient reconstruction of the lower lumbar spine,adjacent segment compensation via posterior vertebral body slippage is one of the factors that significantly affects surgical outcomes.

Cemented vertebra and adjacent vertebra refractured in a chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder patient: A case report

BACKGROUND Although percutaneous vertebral augmentation(PVA)is a commonly used procedure for treating vertebral compression fracture(VCF),the risk of vertebral refracture should be considered.Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder(CKD-MBD)is a systemic disease of mineral and bone metabolism.It is associated with an increased risk of fracture.Few studies have reported the use of PVA in patients with CKD-MBD.We herein report a rare case wherein the cemented vertebra and the adjacent vertebra refractured simultaneously in a CKD-MBD patient after PVA.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old man suffered from low back pain after taking a fall about 3 wk ago.According to physical examination,imaging and laboratory findings,diagnoses of T12 VCF,CKD-MBD,and chronic kidney disease stage 5 were established.He then received percutaneous vertebroplasty at T12 vertebra.Fourteen weeks later,he presented with T12 and L1 vertebral refractures caused by lumbar sprain.Once again,he was given PVA which was optimized for the refractured vertebrae.Although the short-term postoperative effect was satisfactory,he reported chronic low back pain again at the 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION It is necessary that patients with CKD-MBD who have received PVA are aware of the adverse effects of CKD-MBD.It may increase the risk of vertebral refracture.Furthermore,the PVA surgical technique needs to be optimized according to the condition of the patient.The medium-and long-term effects of PVA remain uncertain in patients with CKD-MBD.

Adaptive spatial-temporal graph attention network for traffic speed prediction

Considering the nonlinear structure and spatial-temporal correlation of traffic network,and the influence of potential correlation between nodes of traffic network on the spatial features,this paper proposes a traffic speed prediction model based on the combination of graph attention network with self-adaptive adjacency matrix(SAdpGAT)and bidirectional gated recurrent unit(BiGRU).First-ly,the model introduces graph attention network(GAT)to extract the spatial features of real road network and potential road network respectively in spatial dimension.Secondly,the spatial features are input into BiGRU to extract the time series features.Finally,the prediction results of the real road network and the potential road network are connected to generate the final prediction results of the model.The experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of the proposed model is im-proved obviously on METR-LA and PEMS-BAY datasets,which proves the advantages of the pro-posed spatial-temporal model in traffic speed prediction.

Feasibility of Synchronously Straightening Working Line of Adjacent Open-cast Mines

Taking Heidaigou Open-cast Mine and Haerwusu Open-cast Mine in Zhungeer mining area as the research objects,this paper deeply analyzes the current mining status of the two mines.Based on the existing working line length,mining technology,transportation system,equipment configuration,transportation access and many other factors,it systematically discusses the feasibility of straightening the working line of adjacent open-cast mines.Through in-depth theoretical analysis,it establishes the mathematical model of impact indicators and cost calculation,and it is concluded that the work line straightening can be technically achieved.However,from the perspective of economic benefits,straightening the working line does not show obvious advantages.

Seismic Response of Adjacent Structure to Inter-Story Isolated Structure

Currently, land resources are becoming more and more constrained and structures are getting closer to each other. To investigate the seismic response of inter-story isolated structure to adjacent structure, models considering no soil-structure interaction (SSI), considering soil-structure interaction (SSI), and considering structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) were established. Nonlinear seismic response comparative analysis was conducted by varying the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure, as well as the weight of adjacent structure, under different earthquake inputs, in order to obtain the structural response characteristics. The results indicate that the inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure without considering SSI are smaller than those considering SSI and SSSI. The inter-story drift and inter-story shear of the inter-story isolated structure considering SSSI are further affected compared to that of the inter-story isolated structure considering only SSI. As the spacing between adjacent structure and inter-story isolated structure increases, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure decreases. The variation in the spacing between the two structures has a negligible effect on the isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure. With the increase in the weight of adjacent structure, the influence of adjacent structure on inter-story isolated structure becomes more significant. The increasing weight of adjacent structure has an increasing effect on the Isolation layer of the inter-story isolated structure.

Advances in Cervical Artificial Disc Replacement for Cervical Spondylosis

Anterior cervical decompression and fusion(ACDF)treatment for cervical spondylosis has been more than half a century,and achieved good clinical results.However,with the continuous extension of follow-up time,the fusion segment-associated postoperative complications emerged gradually.Reserved cervical stability and activity,the concept of non-fusion was born.As a non-fusion technique,cervical artificial disc replacement(CADR)developed rapidly.With the continuous development of artificial prosthesis materials and design concepts,and specification and proficiency of surgical procedures,CADR has achieved better short and mid-term clinical efficacy than ACDF.Compared with ACDF,the main advantages of CADR are that the postoperative recovery is quick,the activity and stability of cervical vertebra are maintained,the height of cervical intervertebral space is restored,and the stress of adjacent segments and the rate of surgical renovation are reduced.In clinical work,as an emerging technology,CADR requires spine surgeons to control the surgical indications,contraindications,and patients'conditions strictly.This article reviews the research progress of CADR in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of cervical spondylosis.

A New Proof on the Bipartite Turán Number of Bipartite Graphs

The bipartite Turán number of a graph H, denoted by ex(m,n;H), is the maximum number of edges in any bipartite graph G=(A,B;E(G))with | A |=mand | B |=nwhich does not contain H as a subgraph. Whenmin{ m,n }>2t, the problem of determining the value of ex(m,n;Km−t,n−t)has been solved by Balbuena et al. in 2007, whose proof focuses on the structural analysis of bipartite graphs. In this paper, we provide a new proof on the value of ex(m,n;Km−t,n−t)by virtue of algebra method with the tool of adjacency matrices of bipartite graphs, which is inspired by the method using { 0,1 }-matrices due to Zarankiewicz [Problem P 101. Colloquium Mathematicum, 2(1951), 301].

Influence of the Moho surface distribution on the oil and gas basins in China seas and adjacent areas

Owing to the strategic significance of national oil and gas resources,their exploration and production must be prioritized in China.Oil and gas resources are closely related to deep crustal structures,and Moho characteristics influence oil and gas distribution.Therefore,it is important to study the relationship between the variation of the Moho surface depth undulation and hydrocarbon basins for the future prediction of their locations.The Moho depth in the study area can be inverted using the Moho depth control information,the Moho gravity anomaly,and the variable density distribution calculated by the infinite plate.Based on these results,the influences of Moho characteristics on petroleum basins were studied.We found that the Moho surface depth undulation deviation and crustal thickness undulation deviation in the hydrocarbon-rich basins are large,and the horizontal gradient deviation of the Moho surface shows a positive linear relationship with oil and gas resources in the basin.The oil-bearing mechanism of the Moho basin is further discussed herein.The Moho uplift area and the slope zone correspond to the distribution of oil and gas fields.The tensile stress produced by the Moho uplift can form tensile fractures or cause tensile fractures on the surface,further developing into a fault or depression basin that receives deposits.The organic matter can become oil and natural gas under suitable chemical and structural conditions.Under the action of groundwater or other dynamic forces,oil and natural gas are gradually transported to the uplift or the buried hill in the depression zone,and oil and gas fields are formed under the condition of good caprock.The research results can provide new insights into the relationship between deep structures and oil and gas basins as well as assist in the strategic planning of oil and gas exploration activities.

Adjacent mode resonance of a hydraulic pipe system consisting of parallel pipes coupled at middle points

The coupling vibration of a hydraulic pipe system consisting of two pipes is studied.The pipes are installed in parallel and fixed at their ends,and are restrained by clips to one bracket at their middle points.The pipe subjected to the basement excitation at the left end is named as the active pipe,while the pipe without excitation is called the passive pipe.The clips between the two pipes are the bridge for the vibration energy.The adjacent natural frequencies will enhance the vibration coupling.The governing equation of the coupled system is deduced by the generalized Hamilton principle,and is discretized to the modal space.The modal correction is used during the discretization.The investigation on the natural characters indicates that the adjacent natural frequencies can be adjusted by the stiffness of the two clips and bracket.The harmonic balance method(HBM)is used to study the responses in the adjacent natural frequency region.The results show that the vibration energy transmits from the active pipe to the passive pipe swimmingly via the clips together with a flexible bracket,while the locations of them are not node points.The adjacent natural frequencies may arouse wide resonance curves with two peaks for both pipes.The stiffness of the clip and bracket can release the vibration coupling.It is suggested that the stiffness of the clip on the passive pipe should be weak and the bracket should be strong enough.In this way,the vibration energy is reflected by the almost rigid bracket,and is hard to transfer to the passive pipe via a soft clip.The best choice is to set the clips at the pipe node points.The current work gives some suggestions for weakening the coupled vibration during the dynamic design of a coupled hydraulic pipe system.

Mechanical synergistic interaction between adjacent corrosion defects and its effect on pipeline failure

This work provides a new comprehensive assessment method to determine the complex mechanical interaction of adjacent corrosion defects.Firstly,a three-dimensional(3D)finite element model of pipelines containing adjacent defects(involving longitudinally aligned,circumferentially aligned,and diagonally aligned defects)was developed and validated by full-scale burst tests.Then,the synergistic stress interaction between adjacent defects was analyzed,and the relationship between the burst position of the pipeline and defect spacing was determined.At last,the applicability of several commonly used critical spacing rules for identifying the interaction between adjacent defects was compared and discussed in detail.The results show that the failure position of the pipeline containing adjacent defects is related to the relative position of defects.For longitudinally aligned corrosion defects,the stronger the interaction between defects(i.e.,the shorter the distance between two defects),the closer the failure position of the pipeline to the center of the defect spacing.For circumferentially aligned corrosion defects,the failure position of the pipe tends to move from the defect edge to the geometric center of the defect with increasing defect spacing.For diagonally aligned defects,the failure position is generally located on the path connecting the defect and the spacing.The currently available evaluation criteria for identifying circumferentially interacting defects display the most accuracy,and the identification effect of diagonally aligned defects is the poorest.In addition,the critical spacing rule proposed by Li presents the highest precision in identifying the interacting defects.The results are expected to provide a stress synergistic failure assessment method for pipelines containing cluster corrosion defects in engineering.

Study on Evaluation Method of Failure Pressure for Pipeline with Axially Adjacent Defects

The interaction between axially adjacent defects is more significant than that between circumferentially aligned defects.However,the existing failure pressure assessment methods cannot accurately predict the failure pressure of axial adjacent defects.In the paper,the finite element model is adopted to analyze the influence of defect size,distribution mode and spacing between adjacent defects on failure pressure.A new failure pressure evaluation method is proposed by establishing the effective depth calculation model of corrosion colony with different distribution model.The burst test of X52 pipeline is carried out to verify the applicability of the method.It shows that the results of new method are consistent with the test results of pipeline with various defects and steel grades.

3D trajectory inversion of an adjacent well using scattered P-wave

In oil and gas exploitation,cluster well technology can significantly reduce costs and improve efficiency.An effective adjacent well detection method can greatly reduce the risk of collision between adjacent wells.This study proposes a method to invert the 3D trajectory of an adjacent well using a scattered P-wave obtained by borehole azimuthal acoustic reflection imaging.After obtaining the scattered P-wave from the raw data of the target well using the wave field separation technology,the waveform data in an imaging profile can be obtained by the downhole acoustic directional reception technology.Migration imaging technology is then used to obtain the image of the formation in the imaging profile.Subsequently,by analyzing the images of the formation in the imaging profile of the different azimuths,the well spacing and azimuth of the target well can be determined.Finally,the 3D trajectory of the target well can be obtained by solving the inversion equation.This method was validated by processing the field data from a deviated well in a deep formation.The comparison of the inversion and actual trajectories of the target well demonstrated that the maximum deviation of the inversion trajectory is 0.9 m in the north-south direction,0.78 m in the east-west direction,1.45 m in the well spacing,and 2.48°in the azimuth.The field data inversion result demonstrated that the method can effectively use the azimuth reflection acoustic data to invert the 3D trajectory of an adjacent well,which indicates that the borehole azimuthal acoustic reflection imaging technology has great potential within the context of adjacent well detection.

Contributions of annual and semiannual tidal constituents to chart datum in the China seas and adjacent waters

Global uniform chart datum(CD)surface construction is the basic upon which to realize various vertical datums transformation,and is of great importance for geospatial data expression under the same vertical datum.Generally,the CD level is computed by developing the function between tidal constituents’harmonic constants and time,i.e.,the lowest astronomical tide is taken as the lowest predicted tide level by adopting the major constituents over a 19-a period.The CD surface prescribed in China is the theoretical lowest tide(TLT)and is calculated using 13 tidal constituents,i.e.,short-period(Q_(1),O_(1),P_(1),K_(1),N_(2),M_(2),S_(2),K_(2),M_(4),MS_(4)and M_(6))and long-period(Sa and Ssa)tidal constituents.Although the accuracy in determining short-period tidal constituents has improved gradually,the long-period tide has not been studied thoroughly owing to nonstationary and temporal variations.Previous studies have intended to evaluate the effect of Sa and Ssa tides in the determination of the TLT level for the purpose of determining a more accurate CD surface for the China seas and adjacent waters.Here,the parameters of long-period tidal correction and long-period tidal correction rate were treated as the effect of both Sa and Ssa on the TLT,and the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason series satellite altimetry data ranged from October 1992 to April 2022 were adopted to analyze the contribution of long-period tidal constituents.Results showed that the average long-period correction value is 10.10 cm(range from 8.57 cm to 14.98 cm),and that the average long-period tidal contribution rate is 14.56%(range from 9.09%to 23.97%)in the China seas and adjacent waters.Finally,data from 82 tide gauge station with at least a 1-a record of hourly observations were compared with satellite-derived result.We concluded that the long-period tidal contribution should not be neglected in TLT construction.Furthermore,to reduce tidal datum uncertainty,accurate extraction of long-period tidal constituents should receive closer attentions.