Covalent Bond Based Android Malware Detection Using Permission and System Call Pairs

The prevalence of smartphones is deeply embedded in modern society,impacting various aspects of our lives.Their versatility and functionalities have fundamentally changed how we communicate,work,seek entertainment,and access information.Among the many smartphones available,those operating on the Android platform dominate,being the most widely used type.This widespread adoption of the Android OS has significantly contributed to increased malware attacks targeting the Android ecosystem in recent years.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop new methods for detecting Android malware.The literature contains numerous works related to Android malware detection.As far as our understanding extends,we are the first ones to identify dangerous combinations of permissions and system calls to uncover malicious behavior in Android applications.We introduce a novel methodology that pairs permissions and system calls to distinguish between benign and malicious samples.This approach combines the advantages of static and dynamic analysis,offering a more comprehensive understanding of an application’s behavior.We establish covalent bonds between permissions and system calls to assess their combined impact.We introduce a novel technique to determine these pairs’Covalent Bond Strength Score.Each pair is assigned two scores,one for malicious behavior and another for benign behavior.These scores serve as the basis for classifying applications as benign or malicious.By correlating permissions with system calls,the study enables a detailed examination of how an app utilizes its requested permissions,aiding in differentiating legitimate and potentially harmful actions.This comprehensive analysis provides a robust framework for Android malware detection,marking a significant contribution to the field.The results of our experiments demonstrate a remarkable overall accuracy of 97.5%,surpassing various state-of-the-art detection techniques proposed in the current literature.

Atomic Dispersed Hetero‑Pairs for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO_(2)Reduction

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)involves a variety of intermediates with highly correlated reaction and ad-desorption energies,hindering optimization of the catalytic activity.For example,increasing the binding of the*COOH to the active site will generally increase the*CO desorption energy.Breaking this relationship may be expected to dramatically improve the intrinsic activity of CO_(2)RR,but remains an unsolved challenge.Herein,we addressed this conundrum by constructing a unique atomic dispersed hetero-pair consisting of Mo-Fe di-atoms anchored on N-doped carbon carrier.This system shows an unprecedented CO_(2)RR intrinsic activity with TOF of 3336 h−1,high selectivity toward CO production,Faradaic efficiency of 95.96%at−0.60 V and excellent stability.Theoretical calculations show that the Mo-Fe diatomic sites increased the*COOH intermediate adsorption energy by bridging adsorption of*COOH intermediates.At the same time,d-d orbital coupling in the Mo-Fe di-atom results in electron delocalization and facilitates desorption of*CO intermediates.Thus,the undesirable correlation between these steps is broken.This work provides a promising approach,specifically the use of di-atoms,for breaking unfavorable relationships based on understanding of the catalytic mechanisms at the atomic scale.

Highlighting relationships between sand thicknesses,reservoir-seal pairs and paleobathymetry from a sequence stratigraphic perspective:An example from Tortonian Serravallian deposits,onshore Niger Delta Basin

The utilization of sequence stratigraphic concepts in identifying sands and their spatial continuity in distinct gross depositional settings is key,especially in frontier settings where data paucity is a common challenge.In the Baka field,onshore Niger Delta,detailed reservoir correlation guided by sequence stratigraphic framework analysis showed the distribution of sand and shale units constituting reservoirseal pairs(RSP)correlatable across the field.Within the 3rd-order packages,it is observed that the lowstand systems tract(LST)and highstand systems tract(HST)contain more RSPs and thicker 4th-and 5th-order sands than the transgressive systems tract(TST).In terms of bathymetry,it is noted that irrespective of systems tracts,the RSP Index(RI)decreases from the proximal shallow/inner shelf settings to the more distal outer shelf areas.Amongst all three systems tracts,intervals interpreted as lowstand prograding complexes contain the best developed sands and highest RSP.Sand development within the LSTs has been controlled by a pronounced growth fault regime accompanied by high subsidence and sedimentation rates.This is linked to the basinward migration of the sands during prolonged sea-level fall,creating significant accommodation space for sand deposition.On the other hand,the TSTs known to mark periods of progressive sea-level rise and landward migration of sandy facies,show thinner sands enclosed in much thicker,laterally extensive,and better-preserved deeper marine shales.Interpreted seismic sections indicate intense growth faulting and channelization that influenced the syn-and postdepositional development of the sand packages across the field.The initial timing of deformation of subregional faults in this area coincides with periods of abrupt falls in sea level.This approach could be useful for predicting sand-prone areas in frontier fields as well as possible reservoir-seal parameters required for some aspects of petroleum system analysis and quick-look volume estimation.

Notes concerning Codazzi pairs on almost anti-Hermitian manifolds

Let∇be a linear connection on a 2n-dimensional almost anti-Hermitian manifold M equipped with an almost complex structure J,a pseudo-Riemannian metric g and the twin metric G=g◦J.In this paper,we first introduce three types of conjugate connections of linear connections relative to g,G and J.We obtain a simple relation among curvature tensors of these conjugate connections.To clarify the relations of these conjugate connections,we prove a result stating that conjugations along with an identity operation together act as a Klein group,which is analogue to the known result for the Hermitian case in[2].Secondly,we give some results exhibiting occurrences of Codazzi pairs which generalize parallelism relative to∇.Under the assumption that(∇,J)being a Codazzi pair,we derive a necessary and sufficient condition the almost anti-Hermitian manifold(M,J,g,G)is an anti-K¨ahler relative to a torsion-free linear connection∇.Finally,we investigate statistical structures on M under∇(∇is a J−parallel torsion-free connection).

Enhancement of electron–positron pairs in combined potential wells with linear chirp frequency

Effect of linear chirp frequency on the process of electron–positron pairs production from vacuum is investigated by the computational quantum field theory.With appropriate chirp parameters,the number of electrons created under combined potential wells can be increased by two or three times.In the low frequency region,frequency modulation excites interference effect and multiphoton processes,which promotes the generation of electron–positron pairs.In the high frequency region,high frequency suppression inhibits the generation of electron–positron pairs.In addition,for a single potential well,the number of created electron–positron pairs can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude in the low frequency region.

Stable NiPt-Mo_(2)C active site pairs enable boosted water splitting and direct methanol fuel cell

Sluggish kinetics of methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)and alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)even on precious Pt catalyst impede the large-scale commercialization of direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC)and water electrolysis technologies.Since both of MOR and alkaline HER are related to water dissociation reaction(WDR),it is reasonable to invite secondary active sites toward WDR to pair with Pt for boosted MOR and alkaline HER activity on Pt.Mo_(2)C and Ni species are therefore employed to engineer NiPt-Mo_(2)C active site pairs,which can be encapsulated in carbon cages,via an in-situ self-confinement strategy.Mass activity of Pt in NiPt-Mo_(2)C@C toward HER is boosted to11.3 A mg_(pt)^(-1),33 times higher than that of Pt/C.Similarly,MOR catalytic activity of Pt in NiPt-Mo_(2)C@C is also improved by 10.5 times and the DMFC maximum power density is hence improved by 9-fold.By considering the great stability,NiPt-Mo_(2)C@C exhibits great practical application potential in DMFCs and water electrolysers.

Effects of carrier density and interactions on pairing symmetry in a t_(2g) model

By utilizing the fluctuation exchange approximation method,we perform a study on the superconducting pairing symmetry in a t_(2g) three-orbital model on the square lattice.Although the tight-binding parameters of the model are based on Sr_(2)RuO_(4),we have systematically studied the evolution of superconducting pairing symmetry with the carrier density and interactions,making our findings relevant to a broader range of material systems.Under a moderate Hund’s coupling,we find that spin fluctuations dominate the superconducting pairing,leading to a prevalent spin-singlet pairing with a d_(x^(2)-y^(2))-wave symmetry for the carrier density within the range of n=1.5-4 per site.By reducing the Hund’s coupling,the charge fluctuations are enhanced and play a crucial role in determining the pairing symmetry,leading to a transition of the pairing symmetry from the spin-singlet d_(x^(2)-y^(2))-wave to the spin-triplet p-wave.Furthermore,we find that the superconducting pairings are orbital dependent.As the carrier density changes from n=4 to n=1.5,the active orbitals for superconducting pairing shift from the quasi-two-dimensional orbital dxy to the quasi-one-dimensional orbitals d_(xz) and d_(yz).

Effects of Collocational Congruency,Frequency and L2 Proficiency on the Processing of English Adjective-Noun Collocations

The present study investigates the effects of congruency and frequency on adjective-noun collocational processing for Chinese learners of English at two proficiency levels based on the data obtained in an online acceptability judgment task.The subject pool of this research included 60 English majors studying at a university in China;30 were selected as a higher-proficiency group and 30 as a lower-proficiency group according to their Vocabulary Levels Test(Schmitt et al.,2001)scores and their self-reported proficiency in English.The experimental materials were programmed to E-prime 2.0 and included six types of collocations:(1)15 high-frequency congruent collocations,(2)15 low-frequency congruent collocations,(3)15 high-frequency incongruent collocations,(4)15 low-frequency incongruent collocations,(5)15 Chinese-only items,and(6)75 unrelated items for baseline data.The collected response times(RTs)and accuracy rates data were statistically analyzed by the use of an ANOVA test and pairwise comparisons through SPSS 16.0 software.The results revealed that:(1)the adjective-noun collocational processing of Chinese English learners is influenced by collocational frequency,congruency and L2 proficiency;(2)the processing time is affected by the interaction of congruency and frequency;and(3)the interactive effect of L2 proficiency in conjunction with congruency and frequency also influences the processing quality.

Linear paired electrolysis of furfural to furoic acid at both anode and cathode in a multiple redox mediated system

Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we report a multiple redox-mediated linear paired electrolysis system,combining the hydrogen peroxide mediated cathode process with the I2 mediated anode process,and realize the conversion of furfural to furoic acid in both side of the dividedflow cell simultaneously.By reasonably controlling the cathode potential,the undesired water splitting reaction and furfural reduction side reactions are avoided.Under the galvanostatic electrolysis,the two-mediated electrode processes have good compatibility,which reduce the energy consumption by about 22%while improving the electronic efficiency by about 125%.This system provides a green electrochemical synthesis route with commercial prospects.

Spin-polarized pairing induced by the magnetic field in the Bernal bilayer graphene

Recent experimental findings have demonstrated the occurrence of superconductivity in Bernal bilayer graphene when induced by a magnetic field.In this study,we conduct a theoretical investigation of the potential pairing symmetry within this superconducting system.By developing a theoretical model,we primarily calculate the free energy of the system with p+ip-wave parallel spin pairing,p+ip-wave anti-parallel spin pairing and d+i d-wave pairing symmetry.Our results confirm that the magnetic field is indeed essential for generating the superconductivity.We discover that the p+ip-wave parallel spin pairing leads to a lower free energy for the system.The numerical calculations of the energy band structure,zero-energy spectral function and density of states for each of the three pairing symmetries under consideration show a strong consistency with the free energy results.

Boosting Electrochemical Urea Synthesis via Constructing Ordered Pd–Zn Active Pair

Electrochemical co-reduction of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))has been widely regarded as a promising route to produce urea under ambient conditions,however the yield rate of urea has remained limited.Here,we report an atomically ordered intermetallic pallium-zinc(PdZn)electrocatalyst comprising a high density of PdZn pairs for boosting urea electrosynthesis.It is found that Pd and Zn are responsible for the adsorption and activation of NO_(3)^(-)and CO_(2),respectively,and thus the co-adsorption and co-activation NO_(3)^(-)and CO_(2) are achieved in ordered PdZn pairs.More importantly,the ordered and well-defined PdZn pairs provide a dual-site geometric structure conducive to the key C-N coupling with a low kinetical barrier,as demonstrated on both operando measurements and theoretical calculations.Consequently,the PdZn electrocatalyst displays excellent performance for the co-reduction to generate urea with a maximum urea Faradaic efficiency of 62.78%and a urea yield rate of 1274.42μg mg^(-1) h^(-1),and the latter is 1.5-fold larger than disordered pairs in PdZn alloys.This work paves new pathways to boost urea electrosynthesis via constructing ordered dual-metal pairs.

Sensitivity impacts owing to the variations in the type of zero-range pairing forces on the fission properties using the density functional theory

Using the Skyrme density functional theory,potential energy surfaces of^(240)Pu with constraints on the axial quadrupole and octupole deformations(q_(20)and q_(30))were calculated.The volume-like and surface-like pairing forces,as well as a combination of these two forces,were used for the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov approximation.Variations in the least-energy fission path,fission barrier,pairing energy,total kinetic energy,scission line,and mass distribution of the fission fragments based on the different forms of the pairing forces were analyzed and discussed.The fission dynamics were studied based on the timedependent generator coordinate method plus the Gaussian overlap approximation.The results demonstrated a sensitivity of the mass and charge distributions of the fission fragments on the form of the pairing force.Based on the investigation of the neutron-induced fission of^(239)Pu,among the volume,mixed,and surface pairing forces,the mixed pairing force presented a good reproduction of the experimental data.

Paired box proteins as diagnostic biomarkers for endocervical adenocarcinoma

In this editorial,we commented on the article by Akers et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We focused specifically on the role of the transcription factor paired box protein 8(PAX8)belonging to the family PAX in the carcinogenesis of a gynecologic tumor,endocervical adenocarcinoma,arising from the tissue of mesonephric origin,and the potential diagnostic value for the same type of neoplasms.The global vaccination program of human papillomavirus(HPV)has dramatically reduced the incidence of cervical cancer,including cases of adenocarcinoma.The type of adenoid epithelial origin has a lower frequency of HPV detection but tends to be more aggressive and fatal.Cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma occurring in females of menopause age have been described in the 2023 volume of the World Journal of Clinical Cases and in our study recently published in Oncol Lett.The histopathological findings and immunohistochemical assays showed that the lesions had glandular morphology,and the specimens in these two reports were immunohistochemically positive for the transcription factor PAX8,albeit that they had opposing expression profiles of tumor suppressor p16 and estrogen receptor and the presence of the HPV genome.The presence of a mucin protein,MUC 5AC,as revealed in both studies suggested target molecules for the diagnosis of mucinous adenoid type of uterine tumor and other histological origins.The clinical outcome was unfavorable due to metastasis and recurrence.This prompted the improvement of the antitumor modality,with the introduction of precise targeting therapy.Mucin has now been reported to be the therapeutic target for adenocarcinomas.

The Lone Pair Electrons in Post-Transition Metal and Their Contribution to Optical Response

The stereochemically active lone pairs around post-transition metal atoms play an important role in determining distorted lattice structure and optical response.The lone pair electrons are characterized by crystal orbitals,electron localization function(ELF)and partial density of states(PDOS).Birefringence is evaluated by means of a Born effective charge approach based on modern polarization theory.The origin of the different responses of birefringence and second-harmonic generation(SHG)is explored,as well as the effect of spin-orbit coupling(SOC)on the band structure and optical properties is explored.The study of this paper can help to deeply understand the lone pairs and their contribution to optical property.

Effect of the mixing of s-wave and chiral p-wave pairings on electrical shot noise properties of normal metal/superconductor tunnel junctions

We study theoretically the electrical shot noise properties of tunnel junctions between a normal metal and a superconductor with the mixture of singlet s-wave and chiral triplet p-wave pairing due to broken inversion symmetry. We investigate how the shot noise properties vary as the relative amplitude between the two parity components in the pairing potential is changed. It is demonstrated that some characteristics of the electrical shot noise properties of such tunnel junctions may depend sensitively on the relative amplitude between the two parity components in the pairing potential, and some significant changes may occur in the electrical shot noise properties when the relative amplitude between the two parity components is varied from the singlet s-wave pairing dominated regime to the chiral triplet p-wave pairing dominated regime. In the chiral triplet p-wave pairing dominated regime, the ratio of noise power to electric current is close to 2e both in the in-gap and in the out-gap region. In the singlet s-wave pairing dominated regime, the value of this ratio is close to 4e in the inner gap region but may reduce to about 2e in the outer gap region as the relative amplitude of the chiral triplet pairing component is increased. The variations of the differential shot noise with the bias voltage also exhibit some significantly different features in different regimes. Such different features can serve as useful diagnostic tools for the determination of the relative magnitude of the two parity components in the pairing potential.

Thoughts on Pairing Assistance to Tibet for Promoting Agricultural High-quality Development in Southern Tibet from the Perspective of Agricultural Power

In the new era,there is an urgent need to further promote pairing assistance to Tibet,promote the simultaneous construction of a strong agriculture in Tibet and the China's Mainland,and compose a Chinese-style modernization.Southern Tibet,located in the southeastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region,includes Shannan City and Nyingchi City,is a region assisted by four provincial partners including Hubei Province.This paper introduces the agricultural environment in southern Tibet,studies its agricultural characteristics,and analyzes the main issues of its pairing assistance.Taking forging the strong consciousness of the Chinese national community as the main line,the paper explores strategies for promoting agricultural high-quality development in southern Tibet through pairing assistance to Tibet from the perspective of agricultural power,and proposes some strategies,such as inheriting agricultural cultural heritage,promoting the upgrading of modern seed industry,enhancing the characteristic advantages of highland barley(naked barley)and animal husbandry industries,and developing edible fungi and cold water fish industries.

Paired Assistance:Policy Rationale and Economic Performance as Illustrated by Xizang and Xinjiang

This study highlights the changing priorities of China’s paired assistance throughout the past decades,as well as its theoretical implications and economic growth effects for recipient regions.Using panel data from 32 prefecture-level cities from 1990 to 2020,this study uses the multiperiod difference-in-differences approach to examine how paired assistance has contributed to economic growth in Xizang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.The findings indicate that,first,the implementation of the paired assistance policy has boosted economic growth in Xizang and Xinjiang.Second,paired assistance has stimulated economic growth in recipient communities by improving infrastructure.Third,paired assistance has contributed to economic growth in recipient communities by providing improved public services such as education and healthcare.Improvements to public services have a relatively smaller indirect effect in short term than infrastructure development on economic growth.Yet both education and healthcare are crucial to people’s quality of life in recipient communities.This paper has refined and broadened research on the effects of paired assistance,providing preference for future policymaking.

Matched pair analysis of the effect of longer hypothermic machine perfusion time on kidney transplant outcomes

BACKGROUND Hypothermic machine perfusion(HMP)has demonstrated benefits in terms of early kidney transplant function compared to static cold storage.While longer preservation times have shown detrimental effects,a previous paired study indicated that longer pump times(the second kidney in a pair)might lead to improved outcomes.AIM To revisit the prior paired study's somewhat unexpected results by reviewing our program's experience.METHODS A total of 61 pairs of transplant recipients who received kidneys from the same donor(2012-2021)were analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they were transplanted first(K1)or second(K2).Therefore,the patients in each pair had identical donor characteristics,except for time on the pump.Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meyer analysis and paired tests,including McNemar's test,student's paired t-test,or Wilcoxon's test,as appropriate.RESULTS The two groups of recipients had similar demographics(age,body mass index,diabetes,time on dialysis,sensit-ization and retransplants).Cold ischemic times for K1 and K2 were 8.9(95%CI:7.9,9.8)and 14.7 hours(13.7,15.8)(P<0.0001),respectively.Overall,K2 had a higher rate of freedom from biopsy-proven acute rejection at 1 year(P=0.015).Delayed graft function was less common in K2,12/61(20%)than in K1,20/61(33%)(P=0.046).Finally,K2 showed a higher graft survival than K1(P=0.023).CONCLUSION Our results agree with a previous study that suggested possible advantages to longer pump times.Both studies should encourage further research into HMP's potential anti-inflammatory effect.

Exploring the mechanism of action of herb pair Pinellia Ternata-Magnolia Officinalis in the treatment of liver cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:Explore the anti-tumor mechanism of herb pair Pinellia ternate-Magnolia officinalis(BX-HP)in liver cancer through network pharmacology using molecular docking methods.Method:The active ingredients and corresponding targets of the herb pair Pinellia ternate-Magnolia officinalis were obtained from the HERB database.The relevant targets for liver cancer were obtained from GeneCards,DisGeNET,TTD,and Drugbank databases.Obtain common targets between herb pair Pinellia ternate-Magnolia officinalis and liver cancer through the Bioinformatics platform,establish a PPI network diagram using STRING software,and perform GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the DAVID platform.AutoDockTools 1.5.7 software and molecular dynamics simulation analysis are used to evaluate the binding of components to target proteins.HERB database,SwissTargetPrediction database,SwissADME database,UniProt database,GeneCards database,TTD database,DRUGBANK database,DisGeNET database,String,DAVID.Bioinformatics platform,PDB database,PubChem and TCMSP database.Result:A total of 22 active ingredients with a Probability>0.1 targets in Magnolia officinalis were screened,26 active ingredients with a Probability>0.1 targets in Pinellia ternata,ten vital active ingredients,corresponding to 979 and 803 targets with a Probability>0.1 targets,2536 liver cancer-related targets,and 279 targets in the herb pair Pinellia ternata-Magnolia officinalis.The GO functional enrichment analysis resulted in 1297 entries,namely 971 biological process entries,118 cell localization entries,and 208 molecular function entries.Three signaling pathways were annotated through the KEGG pathway.Based on molecular docking,ten vital active ingredients and five target proteins were validated to exhibit an excellent binding affinity.The above data indicates that combining the herb pair Pinellia ternata-Magnolia officinalis may treat liver cancer through specific targets and signaling pathways.Conclusion:Herb pair Pinellia ternata-Magnolia officinalis has a synergistic effect on treating liver cancer through multicomponent,multitarget,and multi-pathway approaches.This study provides a sufficient theoretical basis for subsequent research.

基于改进的think-pair-share混合式教学在药学专业英语教学中的应用研究

该研究以2018级药学专业本科2个班为研究对象,试验组采取改进的think-pair-share混合式教学,对照组采用传统教学模式。通过对两组学生考试成绩、单元测验成绩、SRSSDL评分,探索改进的think-pair-share混合式教学在医学相关专业教学中的应用效果。结果显示,试验组学生期末考试成绩、单元测验成绩、SRSSDL量表评分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。改进的think-pair-share混合式教学能显著提升学生的主动学习和自我效能,有望在医药相关专业教学中推广应用。