Analysis on Relationship between Adjustment of Agricultural Structure and Urbanization Development

As a part of certain region,agricultural development has inevitable connection with regional urbanization,and they are highly heterogeneous and complementary in space. Their internal relationship is manifested as agricultural structure suits demand of urbanization development through adjustment in the process of urbanization,while urbanization is based on development of regional agriculture. From history of world agriculture and urbanization development,agriculture firstly provides primitive accumulation for urbanization development,and drives regional urbanization through promoting agricultural development. When urbanization develops to certain stage,urbanization accumulation increases and reaches the goal of " boosting urbanization through agriculture". If urbanization develops slowly,agricultural adjustment will lack motive force. On the contrary,weak agricultural development will lead to stagnation of urbanization. Therefore,adjustment of agricultural structure and urbanization development are interconnected,mutually promoted and restricted,and interdependent.

Evolutionary Pattern and Effect of Administrative Division Adjustment During Urbanization of China:Empirical Analysis on Multiple Scales

The adjustment of administrative divisions is one of the important factors guiding China's urbanization, which has profound economic and social effects for regional development. In this paper, we comprehensively describe the process of the adjustment of administrative divisions at provincial and municipal levels in China and summarize the effects on the basic structure and patterns of the spatial development. We quantitatively assess the effects on fields such as urbanization and social economy through the use of multidimensional scaling. The results show that: 1) Upgrading county to municipality(or city-governed district) is the main way of adjusting the administrative divisions. It is also an important factor in the spatial differentiation of interprovincial urbanization. China's population urbanization can be divided into four patterns including interprovincial migration, provincial migration, natural growth, and growth caused by the adjustment of administrative divisions, which is also the main reason for the increased Chinese urbanization rate at the provincial level. 2) Taking the city of Beijing as an example, we generalize five adjustment patterns made to administrative divisions: the set-up of sub-districts, the set-up of regional offices, the upgrading of townships to sub-districts, the upgrading of townships to towns, and the set-up of towns and the addition of new regional offices. We summarize the municipal urban spatial structure, including the sub-district office area in the central urban area, the regional office area in the new urban area, the mixed area of villages, towns, and sub-district offices in the suburb area, and the township area in the outer suburb area. 3) The adjustment of administrative divisions triggers a significant circulative accumulation effect, resulting in the spatial locking of population and industrial agglomeration. It affects the evolution of the urban spatial form and plays an important role in shaping the urban spatial structure to move to the characteristic of multicenter. In general, the adjustment of administrative divisions was an important factor affecting the inflated statistical level of urbanization and also an important driving force for the evolution of Chinese urban spatial organization structure.

Precipitation is the dominant driver for bird species richness,phylogenetic and functional structure in university campuses in northern China

Background:Although urbanization is threatening biodiversity worldwide,the increasing green urban spaces could harbor relatively high biodiversity.Therefore,how to maintain the biodiversity in urban ecosystem is crucial for sustainable urban planning and management,especially in arid and semiarid regions with relatively fragile environment and low biodiversity.Here,for the first time we linked species richness,phylogenetic and functional structure of bird assemblages in university campuses in northern China with plant species richness,glacial-interglacial climate change,contemporary climate,and anthropogenic factors to compare their relative roles in shaping urban bird diversity.Methods:Bird surveys were conducted in 20 university campuses across Inner Mongolia,China.Ordinary least squares models and simultaneous autoregressive models were used to assess the relationships between bird species richness,phylogenetic and functional structure with environmental factors.Structural equation models were used to capture the direct and indirect effects of these factors on the three components of bird diversity.Results:Single-variable simultaneous autoregressive models showed that mean annual precipitation was consistently a significant driver for bird species richness,phylogenetic and functional structure.Meanwhile,mean annual temperature and plant species richness were also significant predictors for bird species richness.Conclusions:This study suggests that campuses with warmer and wetter climate as well as more woody plant species could harbor more bird species.In addition,wetter campuses tended to sustain over-dispersed phylogenetic and functional structure.Our findings emphasize the dominant effect of precipitation on bird diversity distribution in this arid and semiarid region,even in the urban ecosystem.

A Study on the Interaction among Financial Development,Industrial Adjustment and Urbanization

This paper attempts to study the interactive relationship among financial development,industrial structure adjustment and urbanization in China.Based on the data from 1978 to 2018,this paper establishes a VAR model for empirical analysis.The results show that after the impulse response analysis and variance decomposition of the model,industrial structure adjustment and urbanization have a positive impact on financial development in the long run.Financial development and industrial structure adjustment do not play a positive role in the process of urbanization,and there is still room for further development.It is suggested that the state should strengthen the financial support for urbanization so that the two can develop in coordination.At the same time,we should adhere to the simultaneous development of industrial structure adjustment and urbanization to ensure the simultaneous development of financial scale and efficiency.

Brain Mechanisms of College Students’ Social Adjustment: Evidence from Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

This study investigated the neural basis of social adjustment using multimodal brain imaging and social-adjustment measurements to analyze functional and structural brain features during social adjustment in college students. The results showed that, regarding brain function, some dimensions of social adjustment were associated with the insula, and some regions of the frontal and occipital lobes. Self-adjustment and satisfaction required activation of the middle frontal gyrus, while career adjustment and academic adjustment required inhibition of the inferior frontal gyrus and lingual gyrus, respectively. Decreased metabolic activity of the lingual gyrus was beneficial for obtaining satisfaction. Regarding brain structure, the total score and some dimensions of social adaptation were associated with the gray matter of portions of the temporal and parietal lobes. The superior temporal gyrus was associated with the total social adjustment and satisfaction score, the middle temporal gyrus with campus-life adjustment and satisfaction, and the post central gyrus and the inferior parietal lobule with emotional adjustment. The changes in the gray matter volume of these brain regions to a certain extent reflected socially adaptive behaviors. The results suggest that social adaptability is associated with various brain regions dispersed among both hemispheres of the brain, and requires synergistic inter-actions between multiple brain regions and both brain hemispheres.

Advances in Research on Urban Green Spaces from the Perspective of Urban Geography

The construction of urban green space has attracted extensive attention of researchers under the background of urban sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.The research of urban green space involves ecology,geography,economics,sociology and other disciplines,among which geography has played an important role in promoting the study and practice of green space in terms of research perspectives,methods and techniques,planning and management.In this paper,the important role of urban geography in green space research is analyzed from defi nition,classifi cation to multidisciplinary background,and the research and practice progress of green space in urban geography are summarized in four aspects:characteristics and division of green space,relationship between green space and urban regional structure,service function of urban green space,and the relationship between green space and urban development.Finally,the practical achievements of green space research are illustrated from the perspective of urban geography.

A Study of the Structure and the Functions of the Local Resident Organization in China's Urbanized Society

To set up self-rule organizations forsocial life of the mass at city’s local level isnot uncommon in other countries.But toset up a resident committee of completestructure and with overall functions thatserves as an intermediate between the localpolitical organization and family units issomething peculiar to China.Then。

Urban spatial structure analysis:quantitative identification of urban social functions using building footprints

Analysis of urban spatial structures is an effective way to explain and solve increasingly serious urban problems.However,many of the existing methods are limited because of data quality and availability,and usually yield inaccurate results due to the unclear description of urban social functions.In this paper,we present an investigation on urban social function based spatial structure analysis using building footprint data.An improved turning function(TF)algorithm and a selforganizing clustering method are presented to generate the variable area units(VAUs)of high-homogeneity from building footprints as the basic research units.Based on the generated VAUs,five spatial metrics are then developed for measuring the morphological characteristics and the spatial distribution patterns of buildings in an urban block.Within these spatial metrics,three models are formulated for calculating the social function likelihoods of each urban block to describe mixed social functions in an urban block,quantitatively.Consequently,the urban structures can be clearly observed by an analysis of the spatial distribution patterns,the development trends,and the hierarchy of different social functions.The results of a case study conducted for Munich validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

坚持“四水四定”推动经济社会高质量发展——以宁夏回族自治区“四水四定”创新实践为例

坚持“四水四定”,强化水资源刚性约束,既是缓解我国水资源供需矛盾、保障水安全的必然选择,也是推动高质量发展、建设美丽中国的客观要求。文章以宁夏回族自治区为例,深入分析了宁夏回族自治区“四水四定”改革实践,总结了相关经验启示,为探索以水资源节约集约利用推动经济社会高质量发展提供了参考。

行政区划调整与城市空间结构演化——基于撤县设区的视角

在新型城镇化建设对城市紧凑集约发展提出更高要求的背景下,探讨行政区划调整对城市空间结构的影响具有重要意义。基于2000—2016年全国范围内演进的撤县设区数据,深入考察了撤县设区带来的城市空间结构演化效应的研究发现:(1)撤县设区促使了城市空间形态松散化和内部低密度发展,该结论在考虑多种指标、方法以及政策滞后效应之后仍成立。(2)撤县设区政策对东部城市的空间结构松散化影响更强,且不利于其发挥中心集聚优势;相比于建设规制较弱的城市,规制较强的城市受到撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更为显著。(3)进一步研究表明,自主选择型撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更加明显,而顺应融入型撤县设区则会在一定程度上促进城市空间结构趋于紧凑化。

多源大数据支撑下的城镇职能类型结构测度——从乡镇尺度的视角

城镇职能类型结构是在特定区域范围内,城镇职能互动关系的布局总况。针对当前乡镇职能多以定性判断的现实问题,基于手机信令、企查查、POI等大数据与职能特性的关联,建立了针对各类职能的定量测度方法,并据此构建了适用于乡镇尺度的城镇职能类型结构定量测度框架。以宁波市乡镇为单元展开测度,定量识别出宁波市发挥工业、交通、商业、科教、旅游5类职能优势的城镇单元,且识别结果与该市的规划发展模式基本吻合,验证了框架的可行性。该框架不仅弥补了城镇职能类型定量测度在乡镇尺度的空白,亦能够助力城镇职能类型结构的合理配置。

城市轨道交通系统的层次化功能结构解析——以上海为例

解析城市轨道交通系统的功能结构对于建立以轨道交通为骨架的城市空间结构至关重要,其有助于优化城市空间布局,促进交通与土地利用融合,进而推动城市可持续发展。本文利用交通刷卡大数据,基于轨道交通站域的功能相似性和邻接关系提出了功能站组的概念,并形成了一套“站域功能分类—站组范围划定—站群结构识别”的方法体系。以上海市轨道交通系统为例,针对单个站域,构建表征站域土地利用功能的连续客流时间序列,并依据时间序列特征分类得到站域功能类型;将多个具有相似的出行模式和土地利用功能的相邻站域划定为功能站组;以功能站组为基本单元,采用社区发现算法,对功能站组间的客流交互网络进行分析以识别站群。研究结果表明,城市轨道交通系统的“站域—站组—站群”层次化功能结构解析方法综合了场所空间和流空间视角,有助于认识特大城市轨道交通系统的功能结构特征,并为轨道交通系统的发展提供多层次的空间优化建议。

城市客运站点在城市空间结构形成与演化中的作用--以南京市为例

城市客运站点作为城际客流与城市客流的衔接点,既是城市客运体系中的关键节点,也是承载城市功能的重要场所,在城市空间结构的形成演化中具有重要作用。在分析城市客运站点对城市空间结构形成演化的作用机制基础上,以南京江南主城区为例,梳理了百余年来城市主要客运站点的变迁过程,利用POI数据从城市和站区两个层面分析了2007年以来城市空间结构的演化,探讨了客运站点变迁与城市空间结构演化两者之间的关系。研究结果表明,城市客运站点在节点层面上引导了城市拓展方向,并通过增长极效应影响城市空间结构,在场所层面上促进了站区圈层状空间格局的形成;南京城市空间在拓展方向上与主要客运站点的外迁方向一致,客运站运营状态深刻影响站区城市功能演化,客运站建成运营将提升城市功能活跃度,促进商务服务集聚,客运站停运后的再开发方案影响站区城市功能,商业开发将维持站区的活跃度,但功能闲置将降低站区城市功能活跃度。

城镇复合型污水处理厂水质监测与微生物分析

城镇复合型污水处理厂发挥着处理辖区工业污水与生活污水的作用.其中的生化段是污水处理厂的核心部分,生化处理效果依赖于多样的微生物群落,生物的多样性是高效去除有机物、氮和磷等污染物质的重要保证.在此,对长江流域城镇复合型污水厂L的工艺水质及微生物基因数据进行了系统的分析.首先,对污水厂L进出水与各处理工段水质进行监测,并且对生化段进行了沿程监测,结合运行数据与监测数据,评估了污水处理厂实际运行效果.工业废水进水没有对污水处理厂L造成冲击,各工艺段运行基本稳定,出水水质基本达标.进一步利用宏基因组测序技术,对污水处理厂L氧化沟工艺的活性污泥样本进行了微生物群落结构的研究.结果表明,氧化沟中存在着功能各异的微生物.微生物的多样性和相对丰度在不同区域之间表现出差异,这种差异反映了其适应不同环境条件的能力.通过生态代谢组学分析,探讨了微生物群落的功能特征,群落中不同种微生物在有机物降解、脱氮和除磷等关键生化过程中发挥各自的作用,协同工作以实现废水处理的高效性.通过对污水厂运行监测数据的分析及微生物群落基因的研究,有助于全面地评价并诊断污水厂的运行情况.

延误条件下城市轨道交通列车运营调整方法研究

受出行需求、出行时间及突发情况的影响,城市轨道交通列车存在晚点的情况,给出行者与地铁运营部门均带来极大不便。在分析列车延误产生原因的基础上,总结归纳各类城市轨道交通列车延误发生后的调整措施,并对比其优缺点。以青岛地铁9号线为例,假设延误发生在城子站时,以延误恢复时间最短、乘客平均等待时间最少为评价函数,分析赶点及跳站方式的调整效果,赶点方式在延误时间小于2.5 min时可以有效调整,在延误时间大于2.5 min时可以采用跳站方式;在实际运营时根据倾向性选择跳停站点,如果倾向于提高行车效率,在跳站时需要选择客流量较少且尽量多的车站,案例中模式2最优,如果倾向于减少对客流的影响,可以减少跳停站个数,如案例中的模式6至模式8。

基于人口流动的中国城市群多中心结构演化

利用2015—2018年腾讯人口迁徙大数据和社会经济统计数据,采用多中心结构测度等方法,对中国19个城市群的人口规模、流动特征和空间结构演化进行分析.结果表明:(1)从整体上看,中国城市群的形态多中心结构指数差异明显,且有微弱向单中心空间结构发展的态势,而功能多中心结构指数大多较低,但表现出不断上升趋势.(2)在多中心结构类型匹配方面,优化提升类城市群的功能多中心结构指数较高但形态多中心结构指数普遍偏低,发展壮大类城市群的形态多中心结构指数较高但功能多中心结构指数大多偏低,而培育发展类城市群内部存在不同匹配类型.(3)在多中心结构类型演替方面,优化提升类和发展壮大类城市群多中心化发展的趋势较为明显,而培育发展类城市群大多呈现单中心化发展趋势.

基于功能协调的城市“三生”空间优化研究述评

城市“三生”空间优化强调从生产、生活、生态不同功能空间协调的角度优化城市空间结构与布局,推动城市的内涵集约式建设,实现生产空间集约高效、生活空间宜居适度、生态空间山清水秀的优化目标。从功能协调角度出发,系统梳理城市“三生”空间优化的既有研究,结果表明:目前城市不同功能空间两两协调优化的研究较为丰富,主要包括城市生态空间与其他功能空间的协调优化、城市居住与就业空间的协调优化、城市居住与服务空间的协调优化、城市制造业与生产性服务业空间的协调优化4个维度;关于城市“三生”功能空间协调优化的理论与实证研究非常有限,但是国土“三生”空间优化的评价分析较为丰富,能够为城市“三生”空间优化研究提供借鉴。未来应该在借鉴城市具体功能空间两两协调优化、国土“三生”空间优化研究的基础上,继续完善城市“三生”空间优化研究。

基于兴趣点的上海五个新城设施空间结构研究

本文基于高德地图兴趣点(POI)数据,将其分为生活、生产、公共3类设施,采用核密度估计法、Ripley’s K函数等空间分析方法,并设计了一个反映设施类型结构在空间中演化的三角轨迹模型,以上海主城区为参考,基于不同类型设施的数量、分布和聚集程度,分析了上海五个新城的设施空间结构特征和分布规律,探讨了五个新城进一步建设的方向。研究发现:与上海主城区相比,五个新城的设施空间分布特征差异明显,发展历史较长的新城已经出现明显的单中心空间结构,而发展历史较短的新城表现为微弱的多中心结构;从设施高密度圈层到低密度圈层,主城区的设施类型结构变化较小,表现出内部“城市功能趋同”的特征,而五个新城则均表现出生活设施的占比逐步降低而公共设施和生产设施的占比升高的趋势,新城之间呈现“扩张结构趋同”的特征;新城的高密度圈层中,生活设施占比均高于主城区水平,表现出一定的“卧城”特征;低密度圈层中,尽管生产设施占比均高于高密度圈层,但不同类型设施聚集中心高度重合表明生产设施的聚集中心同样在新城的中心区,其外围城市功能薄弱,并没有出现完善的“专业功能中心”。因此,新城的进一步建设需强调设施的均衡协调发展,完善城市功能,避免出现“卧城”“空城”等现象。

白洋淀上游流经城区前后细菌群落结构和功能与环境因子的关联研究

细菌群落作为水生态环境的重要组成部分,其结构和功能研究可为水生态环境污染监测与治理提供技术支撑。通过对流经城区白洋淀上游河流细菌群落的高通量测序和环境因子的监测,分析城市环境因素对白洋淀上游水质的影响,并深入探究细菌群落功能与污染物动态变化的关系。结果表明,城市环境对白洋淀上游生态环境的影响较大,上、中、下游的水质等级差异显著。城区中汇入的各类污染物不仅影响细菌群落结构,使得污染严重流域高丰度的细菌种群减少和细菌群落多样性增加;还与细菌群落的硝酸盐和磷酸盐代谢功能密切相关。同时,河流虽汇集了城区的各类污染物,但下游的细菌群落结构和部分氮、磷代谢功能均有恢复为上游水平的趋势。此外,高丰度的黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)受各类菌群和污染物的抑制作用较大,但验证其与NO-3-N污染物具有较强的相关性。对白洋淀上游流经城区前后细菌群落结构和功能与环境因子动态变化的关联研究,为白洋淀流域生态环境保护与污染治理提供理论依据。

县域城乡融合发展的内在逻辑与路径趋向——基于“要素-结构-功能”的系统分析框架

县域城乡融合发展关涉新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略全局,是共同富裕的关键节点,也是中国式现代化的必然要求。基于“要素-结构-功能”的系统分析框架,县域城乡融合发展是以县域为抓手,以城乡要素资源为切入点,以结构为动力点,以功能为落脚点的整体性、开放性、异质性进程。县域城乡融合发展有着深层的内在逻辑,发挥县域劳动力、土地、资本、科技要素双向流动是逻辑基础;统筹多层次资源要素嵌入产业、文化、生态、治理结构是逻辑展开;耦合宜居、宜业、和美、和谐、韧性功能显现是逻辑归宿。因而,县域城乡融合发展的路径趋向需畅通要素流动,挖掘县域城乡融合发展的资源禀赋;完善结构适配,优化县域城乡融合发展的运行态势;助推功能显现,铸就县域城乡融合发展的集成效应。