Current role of non-anesthesiologist administered propofol sedation in advanced interventional endoscopy

Complex and lengthy endoscopic examinations like endoscopic ultrasonography and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography benefit from deep sedation, due to an enhanced quality of examinations, reduced discomfort and anxiety of patients, as well as increased satisfaction for both the patients and medical personnel. Current guidelines support the use of propofol sedation, which has the same rate of adverse effects as traditional sedation with benzodiazepines and/or opioids, but decreases the procedural and recovery time. Non-anesthesiologist administered propofol sedation has become an option in most of the countries, due to limited anesthesiology resources and the increasing evidence from prospective studies and metaanalyses that the procedure is safe with a similar rate of adverse events with traditional sedation. The advantages include a high quality of endoscopic examination, improved satisfaction for patients and doctors, as well as decreased recovery and discharge time. Despite the advantages of non-anesthesiologist administered propofol, there is still a continuous debate related to the successful generalization of the procedures.

Immunomodulatory function of orally administered thymosin α1

Objective： To investigate the immunological function of a yeast expression system for thymosin α1 （Tα1）. Methods： A constructed Tetl yeast expression system was used to investigate the immunological function of orally administered Tα1. Dried yeast containing three different concentration of Tα1 was fed to normal Balb/c mice and other Balb/c mice whose immunities were inhibited in advance by cyclophosphamide. Synthesized Tα1 peptide was used as positive control and dried yeast with empty plasmid was used as negative control. CD4^＋ and CD8^＋ levels were detected by flow cytometry assay. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were detected by liquid chip. Results： In normal Balb/c mice or immune inhibition Balb/c mice, CD8^＋ levels were significantly increased. Especially in immune inhibition Balb/c mice, CD8^＋ levels in synthesized Tα1 group （18.77%±4.72%）, small dose group （13.48%±6.17%） and large dose group （22.74%±1.09%） were significantly higher than that in empty yeast control group （7.49%±2.14%）. Conclusion： Orally administered Tα1 has its certain immunomodulatory function.

Computer Administering of the Psychological Investigations: Set-Relational Representation

Computer administering of a psychological investigation is the computer representation of the entire procedure of psychological assessments—test construction, test implementation, results evaluation, storage and maintenance of the developed database, its statistical processing, analysis and interpretation. A mathematical description of psychological assessment with the aid of personality tests is discussed in this article. The set theory and the relational algebra are used in this description. A relational model of data, needed to design a computer system for automation of certain psychological assessments is given. Some finite sets and relation on them, which are necessary for creating a personality psychological test, are described. The described model could be used to develop real software for computer administering of any psychological test and there is full automation of the whole process: test construction, test implementation, result evaluation, storage of the developed database, statistical implementation, analysis and interpretation. A software project for computer administering personality psychological tests is suggested.

Reflections on Advanced Practice of Nurse Administered ECT as a Treatment Resource during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: With Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT) during the COVID-19 pandemic at risk, nurse administered ECT has become a treatment resource. This study aims to investigate the experiences of two senior ECT nurses practicing Nurse Administered ECT. Method: Qualitative reflective interviews were conducted;the data was then analyzed and presented as corresponding themes for inductive data driven analysis. Each nurse was asked to recall positive and negative events from their practice and describe how their experiences have enabled them to cope. Results: Theme 1: The nurse’s competence is positively influenced by feedback, leading to enhancement of personal and professional development. Theme 2: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses report an increased sense of teamwork among staff, and feel that “we are all in this together”. Theme 3: The nurse’s ability to manage difficult situations is dependent on their education, individual knowledge, and experience. Limitations: The authors had the role of both researcher and participant. Conclusion: This study found that both nurses valued feedback above any medical and technical skills they had acquired. This strengthened their advanced practice enabling them to handle difficult situations with confidence. The COVID 19 pandemic has led to advanced nursing practice replacing the junior doctor role within ECT treatment. The nurses felt this had been recognised by their organisation and has led to an increased pride in their work. This paper would suggest that Nurse administered ECT is a valuable resource and that, future nurses could be at the forefront of delivering ECT services.

The Dual Aspects of Administrative Reconsideration System from the Perspective of a Diversified Dispute Resolution Mechanism

The proposition of a diversified dispute resolution mechanism is mainly to realize the reasonable diversion of cases and promote the substantive resolution of disputes.Under this framework,all dispute resolution mechanisms must strictly follow the basic judicial principles and norms and abide by the bottom line of justice in the subjects and procedure of"dispute resolution"in order to gain the trust of the concerned parties.It is necessary to fully activate and give full play to their own characteristics and advantages and carry out the equal and orderly competition in the"diversified mechanism"to ensure that the concerned parties'right of free choice can be substantially expanded.As one of the components of the"diversified dispute resolution mechanism,"the administrative reconsideration system should have the dual aspects of judicialization and administerization.The two aspects are not in a diametric opposition or tradeoff relation,but rather,they merely differ in observation perspectives,zone of action and specific direction to such an extent without compromising their coexistence and reciprocal promotion.Only by the judicalization and administerization of the administrative reconsideration system can we get it out of the current dilemma and gradually turn it into the main channel to solve administrative disputes.

高职院校教育管理模式的现状与改进思路

高等职业教育是中国高等教育的一个重要组成部分,但高职院校管理思想落后,依然保留着中职的管理模式。一线管理人员工作任务重,上升空间小,管理队伍不稳定,行政化管理色彩严重,教师评价制度不科学,从而影响了高等职业教育的发展。高等职业院校要树立大学的治校思想,提高行政管理效率,建立科学合理的管理机制,完善教师评价制度,最终实现高职教育的法治管理,促进高等职业教育的可持续发展。

美国福特基金会

美国的福特基金会(Ford Foundation)是世界上最大的私人慈善机构之一,也是世界上最大的私人基金会。它“接受、管理并提供用于科学、教育和慈善目的的基金”(to re-ceive and administer funds for scientific,edu-cational,and charitable purposes)。福特基金会创建的宗旨是通过资助各种教育和研究活动来提高人类的福利。基金会每年向那些致力于改善教育、促进文化艺术和解决社会问题的个人、机构和团体提供经费。

CHAI LING TANG IN THE TREATMENT OF STEROID-DEPENDENT NEPHROSIS SYNDROME

Clinical comparison of the efficacy between Chai Ling Tang (柴苓汤) and kidney-tonifying herbs in the treatment of steroid-dependent nephrosis syndrome (SDNS) indicates that these two modalities are essentially similar in effect in the treatment of SDNS, or the former is more potent in eliminating proteinuria.

TREATMENT OF URINARY RETENTION WITH ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION

The author treated 20 cases of urinaryretention with acupuncture andmoxibustion effectively,as reported in thefollowing:GENERAL DATAThe 20 patients comprised 7 males and13 females,while 11 cases aged 20-40 years,and 9 cases 41-60 years.The patients pres-ented themselves for acupuncture treatmentwhen other Chinese or western drugs failedto produce effects.

75 CASES OF SIMPLE OBESITY TREATED WITH AURICULAR AND BODY ACUPUNCTURE

The author adopted auricular and bodyacupuncture in the treatment of obesity withsatisfactory results as reported in the follow-ing:Clinical DataThe series of 75 cases were

202 CASES OF HEADACHE TREATED WITH ELECTRO-ACUPUNCTURE

During 1987--1992, we treated 202cases of headache by electro--acupuncturewith good results as reported in the follow-ing.Clinical DataThe 202 cases of headache comprised112 males and 90 females aged 8--72 years,of whom the majority 97 cases (48%) werein an age range of 20^+ --42 years. The dura-tion of disease had been from 5 days to 30years, and the location of pain was in

Managing Pension Funds in Zimbabwe： Ethical Issues and Challenges

This article is motivated by the predicament that hit pensioners in Zimbabwe following the introduction of the multi-currency system. Zimbabwe experienced economic woes which rendered the Zimbabwean dollar worthless and consequently necessitating a switch to stable currencies. The pension assets and liabilities were invested in the local currency before the currency reform, and the result of the multi-currency system was a mismatch of the assets and liabilities of the pension funds financial position which led to paltry pension benefits. The nature of pension funds places a great responsibility on the stakeholders who are involved in running these schemes and therefore ensuring that reasonable expectation by beneficiaries is met. The article focuses on the core aspects surrounding the structure and managing of pension funds in Zimbabwe. The researcher investigated the roles of important stakeholders in the Zimbabwean pension industry, namely, government, trustees, investment managers, and actuaries. The article further delves into the ethical issues and challenges faced by those managing Zimbabwean pension funds. The researcher conducted a total of 30 personal interviews to collect primary data from professionals in the Zimbabwean pension industry which were split as follows： 10 trustees, 10 investment managers, and 10 actuarial consultants. Secondary data were also used in this study and it comprised of journals, newspaper articles, investment reports, and textbooks. The researcher recommends that pension funds develop sound corporate governance mechanisms that will encourage the best ethical practices among all of their stakeholders. The findings provide evidence for a need to empower pension fund trustees through training and introduction of a pension protection scheme. In addition, the current regulatory system needs to be reviewed to capture the changing economic environment upon which pensions funds operate.

China’s Administration of Cultural Undertakings

MOST of China’s culturalundertakings are adminis-tered by the Chinese gov-ernment on five different levels.Top level:central departments,including the Ministry Culture,the Ministry of Radio,Film andTelevision,and the State Press andPublication Administration.The Ministry of Culture is thenational administrative organ forcultural and art undertakings.Ac-cording to the plan approved by theState Council in March 1989,itsmain powers and responsibilities are:to administer art undertakings,masscultural undertakings,libraries,cul-tural undertakings in minority-nationality areas and the culturalwork of juveniles and children;toadminister training and education ofcultural and art personnel,scientificresearch on art,and scientific andtechnological work on culture andthe arts;to administer art marketsand cultural and art exchange withTaiwan,and cultural and art ex-change and liaison with foreigncountries; to administer the StateCultural Relics Bureau.The Ministryof Culture has 14 units under

武器的管理与使用

毛志斌（河南公安高等专科学校校长）：“５·２６”血案发生以后，突出地提出了枪支的管理问题。事件的当天晚上，现场的民警无一人带枪，他们执行的又是侦查暴力犯罪案件的任务，在这个过程之中，民警无一带枪，迎着歹徒勇敢地冲上去，只能是以自己的胸膛顶住罪恶的枪口...

集中力量 追求卓越 创建世界太重

阐述太重集团公司近年来通过结构调整、转变体制和机制,加强企业管理等改革,取得了长足的进步,并提出了“十一五”企业发展的远景规划。

From administering administrative divisions to regional public administration： a game analysis of evolution in the pattern of governance by the government

Regional public administration represents in essence an institutional change in the pattern of governance by the government, in that it breaks down the original institutional arrangements of the administration of administrative divisions and embarks on a new process of institutional evolution of the patterns of interest distribution in society. Present throughout this process is a game between different interests, leading to the final emergence of a new system - a new contractual setup resulting from the playing out of the relevant factors. These games take place mainly between the central and the local authorities and among the latter. Setting up a cooperative approach of ＂repeated gaming＂ when the game runs into possible difficulties, developing mechanisms conducive to better information exchange and to bilateral or multilateral consultation, further reshaping government functions by cutting the interest ties that link local authorities with socioeconomic entities, and strengthening the central authorities＇ macro-control functions are efficient guidance measures for setting up a system of regional public administration and realizing change in governance patterns.

Suspension of Australian National Electricity Market in 2022 Necessitates Mechanism Evolution Ensuring Power Supply Security

The National Electricity Market(NEM)in Australia was suspended during June 15-23,2022,with a primary attribution to the lack of available generation capacity.This incident is noteworthy because it was the first market suspension in NEM’s history and took place in a major energy exporting country.In this letter,we review the outline and impacts of the incident.From the perspectives of market regulation,electricity supply,and electricity demand,we identify three underlying causes of the market suspension and offer four recommendations for the market mechanism evolution to ensure power supply security.

论教育改革试点的非理性现象

改革开放以来,我国教育改革总体上是在控制风险的先行试点的基础上进行的。试点是理性的教育改革的本质要求和教育改革理性化的体现。但一直以来,我国教育改革试点存在种种非理性现象。这主要表现为教育改革试点效益的非外溢性,教育改革试点内容的非典型性,教育改革试点方法的行政化,教育改革试点经验的无限推广。汲取这些教训,有助于未来教育改革试点的理性化,进而有助于更充分地发挥教育改革试点的作用。本文除了揭橥教育改革试点应汲取的几个教训外,还分别阐述了汲取相关教训的措施。

对司法体制改革的几点思考

省以下法院、检察院人财物统一管理有利于防止司法权地方化,但也会带来司法系统行政性强化的风险,要采取人财物管理与司法业务相分离、人财物管理标准化规范化透明化、规范"检察一体、上命下从"体制、深化司法公开等措施加以防范。经费保障既要承认差异,又要"提低填谷"。人财物统一管理后,省级法、检领导班子人选建议(提名)权要由省级党委为主调整为"两高"党组为主。司法人员分类管理时不能将助理审判员、助理检察员变为法官助理、检察官助理。要还审判权于独任制法官和合议庭,赋予检察官以相对独立性。