Thermo-economic Investigation of an Enhanced Geothermal System Organic Rankine Cycle and Combined Heating and Power System

As a potentially viable renewable energy, Enhanced Geothermal Systems(EGSs) extract heat from hot dry rock(HDR) reservoirs to produce electricity and heat, which promotes the progress towards carbon peaking and carbon neutralization. The main challenge for EGSs is to reduce the investment cost. In the present study, thermo-economic investigations of EGS projects are conducted. The effects of geofluid mass flow rate, wellhead temperature and loss rate on the thermo-economic performance of the EGS organic Rankine cycle(ORC) are studied. A performance comparison between EGS-ORC and the EGS combined heating and power system(CHP) is presented. Considering the CO_(2)emission reduction benefits, the influence of carbon emission trading price on the levelized cost of energy(LCOE) is also presented. It is indicated that the geofluid mass flow rate is a critical parameter in dictating the success of a project. Under the assumed typical working conditions, the LCOE of EGS-ORC and EGS-CHP systems are 24.72 and 16.1 cents/k Wh, respectively. Compared with the EGS-ORC system, the LCOE of the EGS-CHP system is reduced by 35%. EGS-CHP systems have the potential to be economically viable in the future. With carbon emission trading prices of 12.76 USD/ton, the LCOE can be reduced by approximately 8.5%.

Development and Implementation of Constant Friction Power Control in a Reduced Scale Brake Dynamometer for Investigations of Automotive Brake Systems

For tribological investigations of automotive brakes, both full and reduced scale brake dynamometers are used. Full scale brake dynamometers test the entire brake system, including caliper, brake pad, brake disk, wheel suspension, etc. The AUT （automated universal tribotester） is a reduced scale brake dynamometer with a pin on disk test configuration. A brake pad specimen is used as the pin and a brake disk is used as the counter body. Compared to full scale brake dynamometers, the AUT encounters fewer influences from the test systems themselves. The AUT was developed at the Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations in Braunschweig. It can be used for high frequency analyses of the coefficient of friction, and investigations of the boundary layer between brake pad and disk, along with the associated NVH behaviors. A digital camera and two laser triangulation sensors are used for optical investigations of the brake pad and brake disk [1, 2]. The focus of this paper is the development of a new control feature of the AUT. The AUT employs a compactRIO from National Instruments as its measurement and control device. The velocity and position control loops are implemented in the compactRIO＇s FPGA along with high frequency synchronous measurement data acquisition. Its real-time controller coordinates the measurement and the storage of measured data. The test device has three degrees of freedom： normal load, sliding speed, and temperature, all of which can be defined by the user for each brake application. New control strategies based on the friction force as a feedback parameter allow for the implementation of new features. In this paper, the realization of measurements with constant friction power throughout the friction procedure will be shown. This new degree of freedom in the friction measurements enables investigations to be carried out in which it is necessary to bring a specific energy in the friction process. In this paper, a p-controller on the real-time system calculates the required set point for the position control loop. The new feature is verified through a benchmark test [6]. Based on the control loop with the friction force as the feedback parameter, it is also possible to emulate in-stop brakes with virtual inertia. In this way, many other types of full scale brake dynamometers can be simulated. The long-term aim is the identification of the influence of test devices on the test results.

Design theory and experimental investigation of the low frequency and high power rare earth magnetostrictive flextensional transducer (Ⅰ). Theoretical part

The energy relationships among all the elements, by which the magnetostrictive transducers are manufactured, in Finite Element Method (FEM) are analyzed, then the expres- sions of FEM dynamics equations and performances formulas for magnetostrictive transducers are derived. The vibrating modes of the class VII transducer and its shell vibration are calcu- lated theoretically and the results point out that there is a breathing mode and if the transducer works at this mode, the transducer will vibrate with a greater volume speed and source level.

Investigation of ellipticity and pump power in a passively mode-locked fiber laser using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique

An elliptical initial polarization state is essential for generating mode-locked pulses using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. In this work, the relationship between the ellipticity ranges capable of maintaining mode-locked operation against different pump power levels is investigated. An increasing pump power, in conjunction with minor adjustments to the polarization controller＇s quarter waveplate, results in a wider ellipticity range that can accommodate mode-locked operation. Other parameters such as noise, pulsewidth, and average output power are also observed to vary as the ellipticity changes.

Design theory and experimental investigation of the low frequency and high power rare earth magnetostrictive flextensional transducer (Ⅱ). Experimental part

Vibrating modes of the manufactured flextensional transducer and its shell are experimentally investigated. The result are consistent with the theoretical calculations. The acoustical performances for the transducer are measured: resonance frequency is 1.16 kHz in the underwater, bandwidth is 680 Hz, mechanical quality factor is 1.71, transmitting current response is 186.1 dB, electromechanical efficiency is 13.1%.

论检察公益诉讼中的调查核实权

依据宪法和法律的规定,人民检察院是我国的法律监督机关。检察机关提起公益诉讼保护社会公共利益、维护社会治理秩序是人民检察院行使法律监督职责的重要内容和途径。调查核实权是检察机关充分行使公益诉讼法律监督职能的必要手段,保障和服务公益诉讼的顺利开展。检察公益诉讼中的调查核实权作为一项基础权力,虽具有非强制性和有限性,但具有一定的刚性和权威性。为更好地贯彻二十大精神,推动习近平法治思想的检察实践,应对公益诉讼不断发展的现实需求,应积极配合公益诉讼立法,在立法中对“调查核实”这一检察公益诉讼的核心环节加强规范,对调查核实权的属性、权力边界和运用程序予以进一步明确和细化。

权力控制视角下初查阶段电子数据收集程序研究

初查制度在运行过程中表现为“初查侦查化”,呈现出与侦查权力相近的强制性色彩,但尚未纳入刑事诉讼法的规制之中。“初查侦查化”主要集中在初查阶段的电子数据收集程序之中,具体表现为电子证据的取证手段具有强制性,大数据侦查在初查阶段屡有使用,初查中的电子数据合法性审查不足,初查阶段有关电子数据收集程序的规定不完善。为保障初查权的顺利运行,实现初查阶段电子数据收集程序中的权力控制,有必要以基本权利为基点规范电子数据的取证程序,优化刑事诉讼的立案标准,加强初查阶段电子数据的合法性审查,完善初查阶段相关的法律规定。

审计机关调查权域与处理处罚权域的差异:现实困境与弥合路径

我国审计机关面对的一个客观现实是处理处罚权域小于调查权域。文章基于经典审计理论,分析审计机关处理处罚权域和调查权域存在差异的原因及后果,并在此基础上探讨审计权域差异的弥合路径。现行审计法律法规确定的审计机关处理处罚权域小于调查权域,这种权域差异产生的主要原因是专门经济监管部门在提出本部门法草案时未将审计机关作为执法主体,以及现实中相关人员对“法定职权范围”存在不同的理解。这种权域差异严重影响了对审计发现问题的处理处罚效率。弥合权域差异的路径是将处理处罚权域扩展到调查权域,虽然这会导致对经济行为的双重监督,但因专业经济监管和审计监督是不同性质的监督,二者在监督目的、监督重点和监督方式上存在一定差异,因而不会造成重复监督。

检察机动侦查权运行的优化路径探析

检察机动侦查权是检察侦查权的有机组成部分,是检察机关行使法律监督权的应有之义,也是检察机关履行追诉犯罪职责的必然要求,更是权力制约原则适用的现实考量。检察机动侦查权在实践中的运行困境,应当通过优化路径的方法予以破解,具体包括准确界定机动侦查权的性质、细化并拓展检察机动侦查权的适用范围、明确检察机动侦查权的启动条件、完善检察机动侦查权的监督制约机制等四个方面展开。

从话轮转换看侦查讯问话语权的控制

侦查讯问人员可以通过恰当的话轮转换策略实现对嫌疑人的控制与引导,从而获取嫌疑人的供述和辩解。获取话轮常用打断、重述、应答性言语反馈信号、“那……”以及直接回应等手段。维持话轮常用表提醒义的叹词“啊”、提高音量与语速、表示关联关系的词语、套话(如“否则的话”)和非真实疑问句(如“知道吧?”)。让渡话轮以问话为主,包括仅仅为了互动的问话和获取信息的问话。获取基本信息多用特指问句,获取认知信息引导嫌疑人供述多用正反问和是非问,获取案件信息多用特指问句,同时配合其他手段限制嫌疑人的回答,如在问话前面或后面增加限制性话语以缩小嫌疑人的答话空间。

检察机关自行补充侦查权的实施困境及纾解——兼论检察侦查权改革

自行补充侦查权是中国语境下检察侦查权的重要组成部分,在检察机关作为国家法律监督机关定位下具有独特的诉讼价值与制度功能。但是,立法的缺失和现实的掣肘导致自行补充侦查权在实践中未能实现其应有的价值。激活这一休眠的检察侦查权,不仅是检察监督本位之思考,还是检察工作现代化之所需。从强化检察侦查权监督性的视角出发,分析自行补充侦查权的实施困境及成因,应当着力从规范化设计、侦查能力建设、协作与制约双向模式三方面探索自行补充侦查权的改革进路与完善路径。

数字化波浪补偿分离式液压钻机的研制

基于能源绿色、风力大等优势,海上风力发电技术近年来越来越受到重视,正由浅海向深海发展,且小型发电机逐步被大功率发电机取代。海上风力发电中风电场的选址、风机的基础设计、桩基施工、地层测试等,都离不开钻探和井内静力触探技术。为了满足海上勘察钻机的要求,研发了数字化波浪补偿分离式液压钻机,主要是在数字化、自动化、回转、波浪补偿等功能,以及模块化设计、制造工艺等方面进行了创新。通过理论参数核算、海上应用测试、深海生产施工验证,证明该钻机不仅可满足使用需求,并且比常规钻机更加方便管理、高效安全,还降低了钻探的辅助成本。

结直肠癌病人权力距离对医患共同决策的影响

目的:调查结直肠癌病人医患共同决策现状并分析病人权力距离对医患共同决策的影响。方法:采用一般资料调查表、共同决策问卷病人版、病人权力距离量表对山东省内3所三级甲等医院胃肠外科、肛肠外科、肿瘤科489例结直肠癌病人进行问卷调查。结果:结直肠癌病人共同决策得分为(60.05±10.23)分,权力距离得分为(44.90±3.82)分,共同决策与权力距离呈负相关(r=-0.629,P<0.05);回归分析显示,性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、主要照顾者和权力距离是医患共同决策的影响因素(P<0.05)。控制病人一般人口学变量加入权力距离变量后,△R2=0.033,表明病人权力距离能解释医患共同决策3.3%的变异。结论:结直肠癌病人医患共同决策处于中等偏上水平,在临床治疗过程中医护团队不仅要关注病人一般人口学因素,还应结合病人的文化背景,识别病人接受医患之间权力分配不平等的程度,充分评估病人的偏好,从而实现真正意义上的医患共同决策。

基于CPTU解释黏性土不排水抗剪强度方法研究

黏性土的不排水抗剪强度Su是海上风电工程设计中重要的力学参数之一,孔压静力触探测试(简称CPTU)无法直接测得黏土强度,但其所提供的锥尖阻力、侧摩阻力以及孔隙水压力与土体的不排水抗剪强度存在映射关系,国内外基于CPTU已经演化出多种解释土体不排水抗剪强度计算公式。基于滨海某海上风电项目,开展了原位CPTU试验、三轴不固结不排水(UU)、三轴固结不排水(CU)、固结快剪(CQ)以及船上微型十字板剪切(MVST)试验,对已有计算公式的适用性进行了校验,分析发现需根据区域场地情况对其中经验系数进行相应的调整以提高计算精度。研究基于CU试验结果,结合工程实例对原有公式中经验参数进行优化修正,最后通过误差分析,验证了修正预测模型的准确性与合理性,利用改进后的修正预测模型可使江苏地区海域黏性土不排水抗剪强度的计算得到更准确的结果。

大数据侦查中个人信息保护的困境检视与完善进路

大数据技术加深了侦查活动对公民个人信息权利的干预程度,给公民的个人信息安全带来隐患。大数据技术的专业性导致侦查主体的潜在扩张、相关性侦查逻辑诱发信息收集范围扩大,大数据技术的无形性使侵权行为更为隐蔽。由于大数据侦查的程序规则以及刑事侦查领域个人信息受损救济机制的缺失,加上传统的知情同意规则在侦查阶段存在适用上的困难,个人信息保护在侦查程序中始终难以落实。因此,应采取权力控制与权利保障并行的规制路径,在以法定程序规制大数据侦查行为的同时,建立贯穿侦查程序的数据权利体系,实现犯罪控制与公民个人信息保护的良性互动。

氢能源助力自行车火灾危险性及起火原因调查技术研究

以氢能源作为动力源的自行车在一定程度上会存在发生火灾的风险。以某品牌氢能源助力自行车在上海市某地区连续发生的多起火灾事故为背景,开展氢能源助力自行车火灾危险性和起火原因调查研究,查明氢能源助力自行车火灾事故背后的原因,提出火灾防范措施,总结此类火灾事故调查、询问要点。

我国侦查权配置现状及其优化路径

侦查权作为国家权力在刑事诉讼领域具有非常重要的地位,侦查权配置主要由国家政治制度、刑事制度、法律文化等因素所决定,同时也会对国家的刑事诉讼法律制度产生影响。我国现行的侦查权配置是以公安机关、检察机关和监察机关为主的多元模式。“监察优先”原则奠定了监察机关在职务犯罪调(侦)查和反腐败斗争中的基础性功能,检察机关的“监督型”侦查权也是其作为宪法确定的法律监督机关职能的体现。从目前的司法实践来看,我国侦查权配置存在侦查权限范围界定不合理、侦查权力与侦查能力不匹配以及不同机关之间互涉案件管辖、强制措施适用等方面衔接不顺畅等问题,需要从构建全覆盖的法律职业共同体、合理配置侦查权等方面进行优化。

供配电设备制造企业设备安全隐患排查治理的研究及应用

设备是制造企业生产的核心,若存在安全隐患,可能导致事故、人员伤亡或财产损失。因此,周期性的设备安全隐患排查至关重要,可防患于未然,保护员工安全和生产顺畅。为保证员工安全、提高生产效率和质量、降低企业风险和成本。本文以叉车设备为例,利用FMEA方法,结合熵权法确定隐患排查的频次,建立针对企业叉车设备的安全隐患排查标准知识库,从而为企业设备提供了一套有效的安全隐患排查和治理标准。此外,本研究还明确了隐患排查的责任分配和治理要求,确保了设备安全管理措施的实施效率和有效性。

基于熵权法的电化学储能电站安全隐患数据分析

安全隐患排查治理是当前我国电化学储能电站建设运行监督管理中的重要手段,切实做好安全隐患排查治理工作有助于及时发现和消除电化学储能电站建设运行中的安全事故隐患。基于某省电化学储能电站安全隐患辨识与排查数据,采用熵权法开展了多维度、全方位、深层次的安全隐患数据分析,系统探究了各类安全隐患在空间特性(S)、运行工况(O)、类型占比(T)、危害程度(D)和治理难度(G)5个维度的危险特性和分布特征。结果表明:基于熵权法的电化学储能电站安全隐患数据分析,改善了当前安全隐患数据处理分析方式单一、信息提取不充分、结果利用率不足等问题,对精准定位安全管理的薄弱环节、助力构建安全隐患分级闭环管控机制、推动重大安全隐患精准治理、创新创建重大安全隐患数据库、提升电化学储能电站安全隐患排查治理能力具有重要的作用。