What are the underlying causes and dynamics of land use conflicts in metropolitan junction areas?A case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region in China

Land use conflicts(LUCs),as a spatial manifestation of the conflicts in the human-land relationships,have a profound impact on regional sustainable development.For China’s metropolitan junction areas(MJAs),the existence of“administrative district economies”has made the issue of LUCs more prominent.Based on a case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region,we conducted an exploratory spatial data analysis of the evolutionary process of regional LUCs.Furthermore,structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the dynamic mechanism of LUCs in MJAs,with a particular emphasis on exploring the influences of administrative boundary.The results showed that from 2010 to 2020,LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region continued to worsen,and the spatial process conflict and spatial structure conflict indices increased by more than 30.0%.The intensification of LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region from 2010 to 2020 was mainly the result of the deterioration of conflicts in evaluation units with low conflict levels.LUCs in China’s metropolitan areas generally presented a circular gradient distribution,weakening from the core to the periphery,but there were some strong isolated conflict zones in the outer regions.LUCs in China’s MJAs were the result of interactions among multiple factors,e.g.,natural environment,socio-economic development,policy and institutional processes,and administrative boundary effects.Administrative boundary affected the flow of socio-economic elements,changing the supply-and-demand competition of stakeholders for land resources,consequently exerting an indirect influence on LUCs.This study advances the theory of the dynamic mechanism of LUCs,and provides theoretical support for the governance of these conflicts in transboundary areas.

Spheres of Urban Influence and Factors in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region Based on Viewpoint of Administrative Division Adjustment

The coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei has been elevated as China's important strategy. And, the priority in considering how to bring the maximum effect of their coordinated development into play is to delineate the spheres of urban influence with regard to the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region. By building an evaluation index system of urban comprehensive strength, this paper applies the principal component analysis method to determine centrality strength of the cities, and the breakpoint theory and weighted Voronoi diagram to identify the spheres of urban influence in all central cities of the region. Results show that 13 central cities within the region greatly differ in strength, which can be classified into four tiers and that the spheres of urban influence do not have a high goodness of fit with administrative jurisdiction scope. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Handan have larger spheres of urban, spheres of urban influence in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao are basically consistent with their administrative jurisdiction scopes, and seven cities including Langfang and Baoding have smaller spheres of urban influence. So according to these cities' comprehensive strength and spheres of influence, the region can be divided into five plates: Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Tangshan and Handan. The major influence factors for inconsistency between spheres of urban influence and spheres of jurisdiction include difference in urban administrative ranking, small number of central cities with weak strength, discrepancy in the number of counties under jurisdiction, unreasonable spheres of jurisdiction and diversity in topographical conditions. In order to solve the imbalance in the spheres of urban influence and those of jurisdiction and better facilitate the coordinated development of the region, it is advised to adjust administrative areas so as to obtain more optimized urban spatial layout and more reasonable urban scale hierarchy system.

Inter-administrative region coordination in the new urban district construction: A case study of Gui-An New District

The construction of the new urban district is one of the main strategies to extend the urban space in China. In recent years, with the performance of the national balanced development strategy of the regional economics, the inter-administrative regional construction of the new urban district has been a tendency aiming to remove the administrative division barrier and facilitate the regional economic development. However, problems also arise in the new urban district under the background of the inter-administrative region such as the predicament caused by the ubiquitous regional economic cooperation and competition as well as the public governance, the lack of the management main body qualifi cation and the monotonous means of coordination. Referring to the experiences of the US in the inter-administrative region administration in the metropolitan area, the author is to put forward countermeasures and suggestions from such two aspects as the management system and the working mechanism.

Assessing performance of cross-administrative environment governance based on PSR model:An empirical analysis of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

As an effective environment governance tool,environment governance performance evaluation is an important content and method to promote the modernization of environment governance system and governance ability.The environmental pollution of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has typical cross-administrative characteristics.Based on the analysis of the major environmental pollution problems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,according to the international environment governance PSR model,a performance evaluation system that applies to the environment governance of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is established.Meanwhile,the principal component analysis method is applied to conduct an empirical analysis of the environmental governance panel data for the 13 major cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2016.The results show that most of the cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region attach great importance to reduction of emission and pollutants,continuously alleviating the stress of environmental governance.However,the overall improvement of the environment governance performance in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has presented a polarization imbalance.There is a clear tendency for subjective biases in the implementation of environment governance and a lack of comprehensive and systematic governance.According to the environment governance performance evaluation result of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the cross-administrative regional environment governance should improve the environment governance performance evaluation system as soon as possible,strengthen the consistency of the environment governance objectives,and implement comprehensive and systematic governance for the regional environment.

Regional difference and dynamic mechanism of locality of the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone based on geotagged photos from Panoramio

Cross-regional locality research reflects the influences of natural environment and the human activities due to the abundant land types and the multiple landscape combinations in related regions. The Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone is a typical large-scale region but few studies were conducted. This research contributed to the understanding of cross-regional locality of the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone from different scales, including national, sectional, and provincial administrative units by utilizing geotagged photos（GTPs） obtained from the Panoramio website. The major results were as follows：（1） the locality elements of the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone included 52 free nodes classified into 8 types of scene attributes;（2） there were huge differences between locality elements of different regions, and there was a negative correlation between the similarity degree of elements of different provinces and their spatial distances;（3） the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone could be divided into the northern, central and southern sections, whose localities had differences in element constitution, association structure and the strength of elements, system stability and the anti-interference capability; and（4） the evolution of the localities of the northern and central sections was mainly influenced by human activities, while the locality of southern section retained more natural features. On a theoretical level, this research aimed to establish the research methodology of locality from the perspective of open data on the web with strong operability and replicability. On a practical level, this research could enrich the structuring recognition of the locality of the Chinese farming-pastoral ecotone and the comprehension of its dynamic mechanism. The results provide a reference for locality differentiation protection and the development of a cross-regional scale.

以行政协同治理推动区域协同发展——成渝地区双城经济圈协同推进机关事务标准化工作范例

随着区域协同发展政策战略地位的不断提高,区域协同研究正如火如荼,但现阶段学界尚有待阐明区域协同瓶颈之因并提出解决之法及相应的区域协同新机制。本研究试图聚焦于此,在理论层面梳理区域协同瓶颈产生机制与区域协同新机制,并对成渝地区双城经济圈协同推进机关事务标准化工作进行案例分析与问卷调查,在实证层面检验本研究的两个理论框架。案例分析发现,以机关事务为例,成渝地区双城经济圈存在治理尺度差异,这与中央政策调控共同构成协同的内外动机,驱动成渝地区深化合作意愿,卷入区域协同;与此同时,地方保护主义现象在两地机关事务标准化协同工作中亦有所披露,并阻碍了成渝地区双城经济圈建设的协同发展。问卷调查数据进一步验证案例分析结果:推进协同地区加强行政治理协同、推进治理尺度统一具有紧要性,成渝地区双城经济圈建设推进标准化执行助推区域协同发展,标准化的行政治理协同增强了成渝地区双城经济圈协同互信意识,在一定程度上消解行政壁垒和地方保护主义;此外,当前成渝地区双城经济圈建设干部协同卷入的奖惩机制不完善,行政治理协同还需大力推进,两地协同仍有较强的地方本位意识。基于此,本研究认为,地方保护现象是长久以来中国实行区域分治所衍生的治理产物,消弭地方保护主义、强化区域一体化思维成为协同瓶颈破局之必然要求,而基于行政尺度视角出发的行政协同治理则可能通过为地区卷入协同建构与区域空间相适配的治理尺度,从而成为区域协同必然的路径选择。并且,协同是基于时间矢量上不断发展变换的过程,地方政府应当通过牢牢把握不同阶段中区域协同“动机—路径—目的”三核心元素以寻求合理的区域协同合作。

回归以来澳门高校人才政策的调适与启示

高校是高层次人才集聚和培养的重要平台。回归以来,中国澳门高等教育实现了有序快速发展,高校人才队伍总量持续增加,集聚效应开始显现,这主要得益于澳门特别行政区政府通过教育政策和人才政策的双重政策调适,正面引导和优化配置高校人才发展,实现了中国澳门高等教育从自由发展到目标牵引的转型,中国澳门人才政策从封闭保守向自信开放的转型。内地高校人才队伍建设中,可提供具有竞争力的薪资水平及适度的福利待遇,切实提升高校人才治理水平,严格控制人才认定标准和程序,强化企业的社会公共责任;高水平人才高地建设中可进一步增强高校高层次人才引进力度和提高人才获得感和幸福感。

民国时期城市水上政区的建置过程

水域行政管理是近代中国,尤其是民国时期行政管理的重要组成部分,不过民国时期城市水上政区的建置却是一个比较曲折复杂的过程。清末民初时期,城市尚未成为独立的行政区,主要通过设置水上警察机构进行城市水域管理;1921—1943年是城市型政区创立阶段,往往以水上警区充当水上政区;1943年新版《市组织法》颁布后,城市型政区初步完善,有不少城市正式设置了水上区、水上保和水上甲等三类水上政区,其中又以仅设置水上保与水上甲的城市居多,只有重庆、广州等个别城市设置有“区—保—甲”三级水上政区。水上政区普遍层级偏少、偏低的原因,一是因为水上人口规模相对有限,没必要设置较多层级的水上政区;二是与各地市政府普遍财政紧张,需要尽可能精简行政机构等情况密切相关。

全过程视域下的撤县(市)设区府际博弈与调适——基于Z市S区行政区划调整30年的纵向追踪

撤县(市)设区不是一蹴而就的,伴随其间的府际博弈,深刻影响着调整的进程与成效。虽然已有研究比较丰富,但主要集中于事前的动因分析或事后的绩效评估,尚未有研究系统归纳贯穿撤县(市)设区不同阶段的府际博弈逻辑及其深刻影响。基于已有研究和经验事实,以历史追踪而非点状的视角观察撤县(市)设区进程,从组织逻辑下居于主导地位的上级权威、激励逻辑下事实存在的下级弱自主性、目标逻辑下必须兼顾的稳定与发展三个层面,构建了一个理解撤县(市)设区府际博弈与调适的分析框架。在此基础上,通过对Z市S区30年相关行政区划调整过程的纵向追踪,发现各级政府遵循不同的博弈逻辑进行策略选择,进而形成了不同程度上的服从、合作甚至对抗模式,深刻影响着区域融合发展进程,也间接表明撤县(市)设区并不能直接推动新设区与主城区的融合发展。上述工作不仅初步打开了贯穿撤县(市)设区全过程的府际博弈“黑箱”,也拓展了基于过程视角的府际关系研究的适用场景与解释限度。

试论北宋熙宁年间东南诸路的增设新县现象

王安石变法期间,北方的河北、河东、永兴军等路为节省地方行政成本,裁撤了大量县,而东南各路却没有出现这种情况。后来陈瓘指称王安石对北方和南方采取双重标准,即主张在北方大量撤县的同时,却在南方析置新县。经过考察可知,王安石变法期间,东南各路的新设县数量很少。而自五代宋初以来,东南各路却多有新设县。北宋在东南各路增设新县,一方面是平定南方各政权后,在新纳土地上调整行政区;另一方面是由于人口增长,经济发展,地方事务增多所致。王安石的判断实际反映了当时东南经济迅速发展,人口和地方事务急剧增加的时代背景。

区域行政整合、市场扩张与企业高质量发展

打破地方保护和降低市场分割是加快统一大市场建设、推动高质量发展的内在要求。基于中国1998—2013年撤县设区改革,采用多时点双重差分法考察区域行政整合是否有利于企业发展质量提升及其作用机制。研究结果表明,区域行政整合对企业全要素生产率具有正向促进作用,有效提升了企业发展质量;机制检验表明,区域行政整合通过扩大企业市场规模和改善企业管理效率进而促进了企业发展质量提升;并且这种促进作用主要通过民营企业、非出口企业和小规模企业来实现;相较于县,县级市的整合效果更为明显;进一步研究证明,区域行政整合也有助于区域整体发展质量的改善。

贝叶斯优化模糊聚类地级行政区声环境

声环境功能区划是噪声污染管理的重要手段。当前声环境功能区划研究大多是基于某个特定的地级行政区来进行的,难以反映各地级行政区声环境的异同。该文基于134个地级行政区的人口、面积、各声环境功能区面积和及面积占比,进行地级行政区声环境表征和归一化处理。以轮廓系数作为聚类有效性评价指标,基于贝叶斯优化模糊聚类方法对地级行政区声环境表征进行聚类分析。通过与谱聚类、K-medoids聚类、高斯混合模型聚类的聚类性能对比,验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明,我国地级行政区声环境分为9类,城市规模和用地情况发生显著变化导致其声环境表征和归类发生变化后应重新评估当前噪声污染管理政策,并借鉴同类的地级行政区的噪声污染管理政策做出必要的调整。

检察环境公益诉讼实践现存问题及其对策——以S省D县检察院为样本

《民事诉讼法》和《行政诉讼法》的出台建立了我国现行的检察环境公益诉讼制度。以S省D县检察院开展的检察环境公益诉讼为出发点,从微观角度分析其在司法实践中存在的证据线索获取困难、诉讼管辖混乱、环境污染造成的损失难以确定、惩罚性赔偿金难以管理等问题。为解决这些问题,更好建设检察环境公益诉讼制度,未来应当加强检察院与行政机关、公民的联动衔接,多途径收集线索;探索建立检察院内部跨区域合作机制,减少在异地管辖、集中管辖背景下程序衔接不畅的问题;引入专业组织和专家辅助人对环境污染定损,并提供相应修复建议;明晰公益诉讼案涉赔偿金的使用和管理制度,由省级以上检察院建立环境损害赔偿基金会。

“一国两制”香港地区实践对“一国两制”台湾方案的镜鉴

“一国两制”香港地区实践留下很多宝贵经验和深刻启示。“一国两制”台湾方案显然不能照搬香港模式,但其设计可充分借鉴“一国两制”香港地区实践的经验,杜绝出现制度设计的某些不足及制度设计之初未预计到但在实践中出现的问题和矛盾。“一国两制”台湾方案应健全国防、司法、国民教育、国家安全等中央事权法律;消除两岸融合发展遇到的制度冲突;确立中央全面管治权和特别行政区高度自治权有机结合的链接;强化对国家权力的认识,将国家主权、政权内涵融入国民教育中;清除外部势力的非法存在,压缩外部势力干预的空间;注重对特别行政区政府施政能力的监督。同时,探索“一国两制”台湾方案必须坚持开放性和战略性思维,以人民的利益、国家的利益和中华民族伟大复兴为依归。

中国省域尺度环境可持续性时空变化研究

以6个环境维度可持续发展目标(SDGs)为一级指标、27个中国本土化指标为二级指标,构建环境维度可持续发展指数(ESDI)指标体系,研究2016—2020年中国国家及省域层面环境可持续性的时空变化。结果表明,国家层面上,中国ESDI呈总体上升趋势,区域层面ESDI展示出稳定的增长趋势,且呈现出明显的地域分布特征,由东部向中部、西部逐步递减。各项环境维度SDGs之间存在差异,SDG13(气候行动)在2016—2019年无明显变化趋势,而在2020年显著增长,而SDG7(经济适用的清洁能源)、SDG12(负责任消费和生产)在2016—2019年呈线性增长,但在2020年下降。SDG6(清洁饮水和卫生设施)、SDG11(可持续城市和社区)在2016—2020年度呈现增长趋势,SDG11省际差异最小,SDG6省际差异逐年缩小。区域层面时空变化分析显示东部地区在多数指标上得分较高,而西部和东北地区在多个指标上表现较差。

中国科技“放管服”改革效果测度及时空演变特征研究

基于放权、管理、服务维度构建评价指标体系,测度中国科技“放管服”改革效果,并利用核密度函数、Dagum基尼系数及其分解、收敛模型、区域Moran′s I指数,分析中国科技放管服改革的时空演变特征。结果表明:中国科技放管服改革总体效果持续提升,在区域层面呈现梯度效应;科技放管服改革效果总体差异显著缩小,且差异主要来源于区域间;全国与三大区域科技放管服改革效果均具有σ收敛特征,支持β收敛机制;科技放管服改革效果还表现出高—低或者低—高空间集聚特征。最后,提出应从完善顶层设计、健全多层次市场调节体系、推行智慧化科技服务模式等方面入手,赋能科技放管服改革。

数据要素价值化赋能全国统一大市场建设——理论机制与实证检验

选取2010—2021年中国31个省级面板数据,实证检验数据要素价值化与全国统一大市场建设之间的因果关系及作用机制。研究结果表明,数据要素价值化可以显著促进全国统一大市场建设,在经过一系列稳健性检验后该结论仍然成立。机制检验发现,数据要素价值化可通过强化地区经济联系、打破地方行政垄断推动全国统一大市场建设。异质性分析发现,在沿海地区与高水平市场化地区中,数据要素价值化对全国统一大市场建设的赋能效应更显著。

地方省份一流科技期刊服务科技创新的分析探讨

在培育世界一流科技期刊背景下,聚焦科技期刊与区域科技创新,通过网络调研、文献调研与统计分析等方法,呈现中国一流科技期刊地区分布,分析一流科技期刊与科技创新要素间的作用,探讨科技期刊服务科技创新情况,并以湖南省为例分析地方省份实施一流科技期刊支持政策助力科技创新的成效与问题。研究表明:一流科技期刊区域分布不平衡,科技期刊与区域创新要素间有显著相关性,地方省份在加强一流科技期刊建设服务科技创新过程中还存在优势学科话语权还不够、一流科技期刊规模较小,服务产业效应还不显著、科技成果的产出还不够,科技创新要素联动还不够、期刊政策支持力度还不够等问题与不足。基于数据统计及案例分析,从强化科技政策支持力度、壮大一流科技期刊规模、促进优质科技成果产出3个方面提出了建议,以期为地方省份加强科技期刊建设助力科技创新发展提供一定参考。

高等教育高质量发展与国家区域发展战略

我国区域发展战略的实施,形成了行政区实体性治理与功能区虚体性治理相结合的国家空间治理框架,推动了高等教育治理空间尺度的重构。在以高等教育对口支援、高校异地办学、大学城建设为代表的高等教育跨行政区实践探索中,高等教育的发展不断突破行政区划边界,在空间治理的维度上构建了一种新的秩序,形成了行政区与功能区并存的高等教育治理格局,治理主体及其相互关系也随之发生改变。未来,高等教育高质量发展如何更好地融入国家区域发展战略,提升高等教育服务国家和区域经济社会发展的能力和水平,需要进一步打破领域和空间的边界,构建高等教育跨行政区治理格局。治理主体的关系优化是高等教育跨行政区治理的基础,政府应利用国家区域发展的政策契机,以项目制为依托探索纵向分权与横向合作相结合的府际关系优化路径,为高校跨行政区实践提供外部综合环境保障,行业企业通过与高校组建跨区域创新联合体实现产学研的深度融合。

正本清源:区域协同立法的基本要义与性质辨正

“区域协同立法”已经成为一个法律术语,但是仍然面临各种“顾名思义”的误解。专业术语是建构话语体系的基石,只有在现实语境中其意义才能被确定和规范性分析。“区域协调发展”既是对我国区域战略发展实践经验的继承,也是解决区域性问题与纠纷的现实要求。“区域协调发展的需要”是“区域协同立法”的基本“语境”,“区域协同立法”的“意义”内生于区域协调发展问题和解决问题的实践探索之中,涵括了其规范性要义与基本性质,而核心要义是认识其性质的前提和基础。区域协同立法是由中央自上而下和基层社会自下而上互动逐渐反映到立法领域的制度需求,本质上属于地方立法工作上的协同,是包容差异性的协作,是立法方式上的调适和填补,而不是独立于中央立法和地方立法的“中间层立法”,也不是不同行政区立法权合并行使的“共同立法”“联合立法”“统一立法”,更不是“法域协同”。“区域协同立法”可以界定为:基于共同的区域性问题,根据区域协调发展的需要,由至少两个分别来自该区域不同行政区且享有平等立法权的主体主导并与各类利益相关主体互相沟通协调、求同存异、互相监督而开展的跨行政区划的地方立法协作。