Many environmental chemicals and pesticides have been found to alter neuroendocrine communication in exposed biological objects. The environmental loads have primary and secondary effects that can alter the homeostati...Many environmental chemicals and pesticides have been found to alter neuroendocrine communication in exposed biological objects. The environmental loads have primary and secondary effects that can alter the homeostatic regulation potential. Since it is difficult to avoid human exposition, a potentially important area of research to develop in vivo and in vitro experimental models. In this context, the primary aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of chlorobenzenes on adrenocorticotrophic hormone（ACTH） release. In our experimental study, male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/b.w.（body weight） kg of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene（Cl B） mix via gastric tube for 30, 60 or 90 days. At the endpoints of the experiment blood samples were taken and animals were decapitated. Primary,monolayer adenohypophysis cell cultures were prepared by enzymatic and mechanical digestion. The ACTH hormone content in serum and supernatant media was measured by immuno-chemiluminescence assay. The Mg2＋-dependent ATPase activity was determined by modified method of Martin and Dotty. Significant differences were detected in the hormone release between the control and treated groups. The hormone release was enhanced characteristically in exposed groups depending upon the dose and duration of exposure. The Mg2＋-ATPase activity enhanced after chronic and subtoxic Cl B exposition. Light microscopy revealed that the adenohypophysis seemed to be more abundant. Results indicate that Wistar rats exposed to subtoxic Cl B have direct and indirect effects on hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal axis.展开更多
A long-held belief is that pituitary hormones bind to their cognate receptors in classical target glands to actuate their manifold functions.However,a number of studies have shown that multiple types of pituitary horm...A long-held belief is that pituitary hormones bind to their cognate receptors in classical target glands to actuate their manifold functions.However,a number of studies have shown that multiple types of pituitary hormone receptors are widely expressed in non-classical target organs.Each pituitary gland-derived hormone exhibits a wide range of nonconventional biological effects in these non-classical target organs.Herein,the extra biological functions of pituitary hormones,thyroid-stimulating hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,adrenocorticotrophic hormone,and prolactin when they act on non-classical organs were summarized,defined by the novel concept of an“atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis.”This novel proposal explains the pathomechanisms of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism,obesity,hypertension,fatty liver,and atherosclerosis while offering a more comprehensive and systematic insights into the coordinated regulation of environmental factors,genetic factors,and neuroendocrine hormones on human biological functions.The continued exploration of the physiology of the“atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis”could enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.展开更多
基金supported by TáMOP - 4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV - 2012-0047supported by the European Union and the State of Hungary+1 种基金co-financed by the European Social Fund in the framework of TáMOP 4.2.4.A/2-11-1-2012-0001 ‘ National Excellence Program ’supported by TáMOP - 4.1.1.C-12/1/KONV - 2012-0012
文摘Many environmental chemicals and pesticides have been found to alter neuroendocrine communication in exposed biological objects. The environmental loads have primary and secondary effects that can alter the homeostatic regulation potential. Since it is difficult to avoid human exposition, a potentially important area of research to develop in vivo and in vitro experimental models. In this context, the primary aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of chlorobenzenes on adrenocorticotrophic hormone（ACTH） release. In our experimental study, male Wistar rats were exposed to 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/b.w.（body weight） kg of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and hexachlorobenzene（Cl B） mix via gastric tube for 30, 60 or 90 days. At the endpoints of the experiment blood samples were taken and animals were decapitated. Primary,monolayer adenohypophysis cell cultures were prepared by enzymatic and mechanical digestion. The ACTH hormone content in serum and supernatant media was measured by immuno-chemiluminescence assay. The Mg2＋-dependent ATPase activity was determined by modified method of Martin and Dotty. Significant differences were detected in the hormone release between the control and treated groups. The hormone release was enhanced characteristically in exposed groups depending upon the dose and duration of exposure. The Mg2＋-ATPase activity enhanced after chronic and subtoxic Cl B exposition. Light microscopy revealed that the adenohypophysis seemed to be more abundant. Results indicate that Wistar rats exposed to subtoxic Cl B have direct and indirect effects on hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal axis.
文摘A long-held belief is that pituitary hormones bind to their cognate receptors in classical target glands to actuate their manifold functions.However,a number of studies have shown that multiple types of pituitary hormone receptors are widely expressed in non-classical target organs.Each pituitary gland-derived hormone exhibits a wide range of nonconventional biological effects in these non-classical target organs.Herein,the extra biological functions of pituitary hormones,thyroid-stimulating hormone,follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,adrenocorticotrophic hormone,and prolactin when they act on non-classical organs were summarized,defined by the novel concept of an“atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis.”This novel proposal explains the pathomechanisms of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism,obesity,hypertension,fatty liver,and atherosclerosis while offering a more comprehensive and systematic insights into the coordinated regulation of environmental factors,genetic factors,and neuroendocrine hormones on human biological functions.The continued exploration of the physiology of the“atypical pituitary hormone–target tissue axis”could enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.
