Spinal cord injury（SCI）-induced bone loss represents the most severe osteoporosis with no effective treatment.Past animal studies have focused primarily on long bones at the acute stage using adolescent rodents. To ...Spinal cord injury（SCI）-induced bone loss represents the most severe osteoporosis with no effective treatment.Past animal studies have focused primarily on long bones at the acute stage using adolescent rodents. To mimic chronic SCI in human patients, we performed a comprehensive analysis of long-term structural and mechanical changes in axial and appendicular bones in adult rats after SCI. In this experiment, 4-month-old Fischer 344 male rats received a clinically relevant T13 contusion injury. Sixteen weeks later, sublesional femurs, tibiae,and L4 vertebrae, supralesional humeri, and blood were collected from these rats and additional non-surgery rats for micro-computed tomography（m CT）, micro-finite element, histology, and serum biochemical analyses.At trabecular sites, extreme losses of bone structure and mechanical competence were detected in the metaphysis of sublesional long bones after SCI, while the subchondral part of the same bones showed much milder damage. Marked reductions in bone mass and strength were also observed in sublesional L4 vertebrae but not in supralesional humeri. At cortical sites, SCI induced structural and strength damage in both sub- and supralesional long bones. These changes were accompanied by diminished osteoblast number and activity and increased osteoclast number and activity. Taken together, our study revealed site-specific effects of SCI on bone and demonstrated sustained inhibition of bone formation and elevation of bone resorption at the chronic stage of SCI.展开更多
Acute kidney injury is a serious global health problem and determinant of morbidity and mortality. Recent advancements in the fi eld of stem cell research raise hopes for stem cell-based regenerative approaches to tre...Acute kidney injury is a serious global health problem and determinant of morbidity and mortality. Recent advancements in the fi eld of stem cell research raise hopes for stem cell-based regenerative approaches to treat acute kidney diseases. In this review, the authors summarized the latest research advances of the adult resident renal progenitor cells（ARPCs） on kidney repair, the role of ARPCs on tubular regeneration after acute kidney injury, the current understanding of the mechanisms rela ted to ARPC activation and modulation, as well as the challenges that remain to be faced.展开更多
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health(R01DK095803 to LQ, 1K08HD049598 to YZ)Penn Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders P30AR050950(NIAMS/NIH)+1 种基金ASBMR Junior Faculty Osteoporosis Basic Research Award(to LQ)NIH/NIAMS R03-AR065145(to XSL)
文摘Spinal cord injury（SCI）-induced bone loss represents the most severe osteoporosis with no effective treatment.Past animal studies have focused primarily on long bones at the acute stage using adolescent rodents. To mimic chronic SCI in human patients, we performed a comprehensive analysis of long-term structural and mechanical changes in axial and appendicular bones in adult rats after SCI. In this experiment, 4-month-old Fischer 344 male rats received a clinically relevant T13 contusion injury. Sixteen weeks later, sublesional femurs, tibiae,and L4 vertebrae, supralesional humeri, and blood were collected from these rats and additional non-surgery rats for micro-computed tomography（m CT）, micro-finite element, histology, and serum biochemical analyses.At trabecular sites, extreme losses of bone structure and mechanical competence were detected in the metaphysis of sublesional long bones after SCI, while the subchondral part of the same bones showed much milder damage. Marked reductions in bone mass and strength were also observed in sublesional L4 vertebrae but not in supralesional humeri. At cortical sites, SCI induced structural and strength damage in both sub- and supralesional long bones. These changes were accompanied by diminished osteoblast number and activity and increased osteoclast number and activity. Taken together, our study revealed site-specific effects of SCI on bone and demonstrated sustained inhibition of bone formation and elevation of bone resorption at the chronic stage of SCI.
基金supported by the Medicine Project of Nanjing Military Command (No. 2008132002)the Specific Project of Nanjing Military Command (No. ZX07)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81300568)
文摘Acute kidney injury is a serious global health problem and determinant of morbidity and mortality. Recent advancements in the fi eld of stem cell research raise hopes for stem cell-based regenerative approaches to treat acute kidney diseases. In this review, the authors summarized the latest research advances of the adult resident renal progenitor cells（ARPCs） on kidney repair, the role of ARPCs on tubular regeneration after acute kidney injury, the current understanding of the mechanisms rela ted to ARPC activation and modulation, as well as the challenges that remain to be faced.
