4D-Flow MRI在肥厚型心肌病左室流出道血流评估中的价值探索

目的 探索四维血流(four-dimensional flow,4D-Flow)磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)技术在左心室腔内应用的可行性。材料与方法 本研究为前瞻性、横断面研究,纳入2022年8月至2023年1月于我院接受心脏MRI检查的21例肥厚型心肌病患者,采用3.0 T MRI扫描仪进行二维血流(tow-dimensional flow,2D-Flow)及4D-Flow成像,收集患者一周内进行的超声心动图检查结果。采用组内相关系数(inter-class correlation coefficient,ICC)、变异系数(coefficients of variation,COV)及Bland-Altman分析比较2D-Flow、4D-Flow评估左室流出道峰值流速的可重复性及一致性,并通过Pearson相关性分析探究二者与超声心动图测量结果的关系。结果 2D-Flow和4D-Flow观察者内/观察者间的ICC分别为0.999/0.999和0.995/0.992,COV分别为0.5%/0.5%和2.4%/2.6%。4D-Flow与超声心动图的测量结果呈中度相关,相关系数r值为0.574(P=0.006),但一致性较差,ICC为0.375(P=0.013)。2D-Flow与4D-Flow和超声心动图间无显著的一致性及相关性。结论 4D-Flow技术能够可视化心腔内血流模式,对左室流出道峰值流速的测量具有高度可重复性,且与超声心动图的测量结果具有显著的一致性。

基于 Moldflow 的汽车中控台框架翘曲变形分析及优化

以某汽车中控台框架为研究对象,测量试模样品发现其翘曲变形量超过了装配要求。通过Moldflow软件模拟了该塑件实际的注塑过程,翘曲变形量的模拟值与实测平均值的最大误差为5.98%,发现该塑件翘曲变形的主要因素为冷却不均和收缩不均。本文在原物料中添加质量分数为25%的玻璃纤维以及优化工艺参数后,翘曲变形量的模拟值与初始方案相比降低了86.22%。试模验证表明,优化后的翘曲变形量模拟值与实测平均值的最大误差为4.35%,证明了Moldflow软件模拟分析的准确性。试模后各检测点的最大翘曲变形量降到了1.6 mm以下,较优化之前降低了80%以上,为类似大型复杂注塑件的翘曲变形分析及优化提供了思路。

基于Flow Simulation的某发动机涡轮压气机流场与效率分析

涡轮机内部流场对涡轮增压器的性能和效率有着重要影响,采用SolidWorks Flow Simulation模块对某发动机涡轮压气机侧流场和压气效率分析。在六种不同空气体积流量工况下,体积流量为0.29时,压气机效率最高,达到80%左右。模型的建模和流体分析均在SolidWorks环境下,分析效率高,为涡轮增压器设计和优化提供了支撑。

iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症诊断中的应用价值

目的研究iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(LEASO)诊断中的应用价值。方法选择2022年3月至2023年10月期间确诊的106例LEASO患者作为本研究的LEASO组,以一般资料与LEASO组匹配且无动脉病变的80例志愿者作为对照组。两组受试者均进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)并采用iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术检测股骨头区域和踝关节区域达峰时间(TTP)、计算踝关节区域与股骨头区域TTP的差值,测量踝肱指数(ABI)。结果两组研究对象年龄、性别、体质量指数、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、冠心病史、股骨头区域TTP的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);LEASO组踝关节区域TTP及TTP差值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);LEASO组中不同Rutherford分类患者股骨头区域TTP的比较以及左侧病变患者与右侧病变患者股骨头区域TTP、踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),Rutherford分类越高,踝关节区域TTP及TTP差值越低(P<0.05);经Pearson检验,LEASO患者的踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值与ABI呈负相关(P<0.05);经受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析,踝关节区域TTP、TTP差值对LEASO具有诊断效能;经Delong检验,TTP差值诊断的ROC曲线下面积高于踝关节区域TTP(P<0.05)。结论iFlow彩色血流编码成像技术测定踝关节区TTP及TTP差值是诊断LEASO的量化指标。

袋型阻尼密封动力学特性双控制体Bulk Flow模型

为快速准确预测袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力学特性,针对传统单控制体Bulk Flow模型预测精度低、无法预测交叉动力系数的问题,提出了袋型阻尼密封双控制体Bulk Flow模型和动力学特性数值预测方法,并开发了计算程序。首先,依据边界层理论,将袋型密封腔室划分为两个控制体,推导了控制体的连续性、周向动量和能量方程,引入Swamee-Jain和Takahashi方程,计算流体-壁面间和流体-流体间的周向黏性摩擦力;其次,采用牛顿-拉夫森算法和摄动分析法分别求解0阶和1阶控制方程,获得各刚度、阻尼动力特性系数;然后,通过与袋型阻尼密封泄漏量和动力特性系数的实验值、单控制体Bulk Flow模型和非定常计算流体动力学(CFD)数值结果进行比较,验证了模型和方法的准确性和可靠性;最后,研究了转子转速(10 000、15 000、20 000 r/min)和预旋比(0.067、0.724、0.997)对袋型阻尼密封动力学特性的影响。结果表明:所发展的模型和方法具有计算速度快、预测精度高(泄漏量预测误差小于6%,动力特性系数预测误差小于38%)的优点;转子转速和进口预旋的增大均会导致袋型阻尼密封有效阻尼显著减小,穿越频率显著增大,易诱发轴系失稳。

基于Flow-3D的桩林坝不同布置形式对坝基的冲刷侵蚀

桩林坝是一种以桩为基础的竖向格子坝,既有良好的受力条件,又相对节约材料,同时拥有“拦粗排细”的功效,现有桩林坝的研究,多在冲击荷载、拦截固源和调控泥石流性能等方面构建不同布置形式的桩林坝模型。以杨家沟为例,通过野外现场踏勘和数值仿真计算,基于Flow-3D软件开展数值模拟研究,建立不同布置形式(单排桩、双排桩、桩间距、排间距)的桩林坝模型,探讨不同影响因素下桩林坝坝基冲刷侵蚀规律。结果表明:桩林坝的整体设计中桩林不宜过密,桩间距和排间距以2.5 m为宜;单排桩的稳定性较弱,在泥石流冲击下极易发生剪切破坏,且对上游的“固源”作用远不如多排桩,但单排桩的冲刷深度及侵蚀规模均小于多排桩。研究成果对桩林坝的布置形式及冲刷机制提供数据支撑,并为震后泥石流防治工程设计提供参考。

肝硬化患者4D flow MRI血流动力学参数与中医证型的相关性研究

目的探讨肝硬化患者4D flow MRI血流动力学参数与中医证型的相关性。方法将118例肝硬化患者依据中医辨证分为肝气郁结证、湿热蕴结证、肝肾阴虚证、脾肾阳虚证、瘀血阻络证5个证型,所有患者均行门静脉4D flow MRI检查,统计不同证型肝硬化患者分布情况,观察门静脉系统(门静脉主干、脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉)的血流动力学参数,包括血流量、流速、壁剪切力等,比较不同证型患者门静脉血流动力学参数差异。结果肝硬化代偿期以肝气郁结证、湿热蕴结证为主,肝硬化失代偿期以脾肾阳虚、瘀血络阻证为主;A级以肝气郁结证、湿热蕴结证为主,B、C级以瘀血络阻证为主。瘀血络阻证肝硬化患者门静脉主干及脾静脉血流量明显高于肝气郁结证、湿热蕴结证患者(P<0.05);脾肾阳虚证门静脉主干血流量明显高于肝气郁结证肝硬化患者(P<0.05);瘀血络阻证肝硬化患者门静脉主干流速及剪切力较肝气郁结证和湿热蕴结证低。结论肝硬化患者中医辨证分型与门静脉血流动力学参数具有一定相关性,4D flow MRI可为肝硬化的中医辨证提供血流动力学参考。

Numerical and experimental study on the falling film flow characteristics with the effect of co-current gas flow in hydrogen liquefaction process

Liquid hydrogen storage and transportation is an effective method for large-scale transportation and utilization of hydrogen energy. Revealing the flow mechanism of cryogenic working fluid is the key to optimize heat exchanger structure and hydrogen liquefaction process(LH2). The methods of cryogenic visualization experiment, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are conducted to study the falling film flow characteristics with the effect of co-current gas flow in LH2spiral wound heat exchanger.The results show that the flow rate of mixed refrigerant has a great influence on liquid film spreading process, falling film flow pattern and heat transfer performance. The liquid film of LH2mixed refrigerant with column flow pattern can not uniformly and completely cover the tube wall surface. As liquid flow rate increases, the falling film flow pattern evolves into sheet-column flow and sheet flow, and liquid film completely covers the surface of tube wall. With the increase of shear effect of gas-phase mixed refrigerant in the same direction, the liquid film gradually becomes unstable, and the flow pattern eventually evolves into a mist flow.

V Flow技术测量颈动脉壁面剪应力的一致性研究

目的评价血流向量成像(V Flow)技术在测量健康成年人颈动脉壁面剪应力(WSS)中的一致性。方法于2021年2月至2021年3月招募健康成年志愿者20人,由2名不同年资的超声医师使用配备V Flow功能的Mindray Resona 7超声仪和3~9 MHz线阵探头进行双侧颈动脉扫查,分别采集双侧颈总动脉远段、颈总动脉分叉至颈内动脉起始部两段动脉的动态V Flow图像,测量两侧颈总动脉远段的近心端、远心端、分叉处及颈内动脉起始部的前、后壁的WSS,使用组内相关系数(ICC)和Bland-Altman图评估组内一致性及组间一致性。结果双侧颈动脉前、后壁的4个不同节段之间WSS值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高年资超声医师2次测量结果的一致性结果显示,左侧颈总动脉远段的远心端一致性极好(ICC 0.779),右侧颈总动脉远段的近心端(ICC 0.605)、远心端(ICC 0.585)、颈内动脉起始部(ICC 0.457)、左侧颈总动脉分叉处(ICC 0.606)及颈内动脉起始部(ICC 0.702)一致性均较好;不同年资超声医师的测量结果显示,仅右侧颈总动脉分叉处(ICC 0.486)及左侧颈总动脉远段的远心端(ICC 0.576)一致性较好。结论V Flow技术可显示不同位点间颈动脉WSS之间的差异,其组内一致性较好,但在不同年资超声医师间存在一定的差异。

Prediabetes: An overlooked risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in atrial fibrillation patients

BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a well-established risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE).However,the relationship between prediabetes and MACCE in atrial fibrillation(AF)patients has not been extensively studied.Therefore,this study aimed to establish a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF patients.AIM To investigate a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF patients.METHODS We used the National Inpatient Sample(2019)and relevant ICD-10 CM codes to identify hospitalizations with AF and categorized them into groups with and without prediabetes,excluding diabetics.The primary outcome was MACCE(all-cause inpatient mortality,cardiac arrest including ventricular fibrillation,and stroke)in AF-related hospitalizations.RESULTS Of the 2965875 AF-related hospitalizations for MACCE,47505(1.6%)were among patients with prediabetes.The prediabetes cohort was relatively younger(median 75 vs 78 years),and often consisted of males(56.3%vs 51.4%),blacks(9.8%vs 7.9%),Hispanics(7.3%vs 4.3%),and Asians(4.7%vs 1.6%)than the non-prediabetic cohort(P<0.001).The prediabetes group had significantly higher rates of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,smoking,obesity,drug abuse,prior myocardial infarction,peripheral vascular disease,and hyperthyroidism(all P<0.05).The prediabetes cohort was often discharged routinely(51.1%vs 41.1%),but more frequently required home health care(23.6%vs 21.0%)and had higher costs.After adjusting for baseline characteristics or comorbidities,the prediabetes cohort with AF admissions showed a higher rate and significantly higher odds of MACCE compared to the non-prediabetic cohort[18.6%vs 14.7%,odds ratio(OR)1.34,95%confidence interval 1.26-1.42,P<0.001].On subgroup analyses,males had a stronger association(aOR 1.43)compared to females(aOR 1.22),whereas on the race-wise comparison,Hispanics(aOR 1.43)and Asians(aOR 1.36)had a stronger association with MACCE with prediabetes vs whites(aOR 1.33)and blacks(aOR 1.21).CONCLUSION This population-based study found a significant association between prediabetes and MACCE in AF patients.Therefore,there is a need for further research to actively screen and manage prediabetes in AF to prevent MACCE.

Predicting major adverse cardiovascular events after orthotopic liver transplantation using a supervised machine learning model:A cohort study

BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)patients have become older and sicker.The rate of post-LT major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)has increased,and this in turn raises 30-d post-LT mortality.Noninvasive cardiac stress testing loses accuracy when applied to pre-LT cirrhotic patients.AIM To assess the feasibility and accuracy of a machine learning model used to predict post-LT MACE in a regional cohort.METHODS This retrospective cohort study involved 575 LT patients from a Southern Brazilian academic center.We developed a predictive model for post-LT MACE(defined as a composite outcome of stroke,new-onset heart failure,severe arrhythmia,and myocardial infarction)using the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)machine learning model.We addressed missing data(below 20%)for relevant variables using the k-nearest neighbor imputation method,calculating the mean from the ten nearest neighbors for each case.The modeling dataset included 83 features,encompassing patient and laboratory data,cirrhosis complications,and pre-LT cardiac assessments.Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC).We also employed Shapley additive explanations(SHAP)to interpret feature impacts.The dataset was split into training(75%)and testing(25%)sets.Calibration was evaluated using the Brier score.We followed Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis guidelines for reporting.Scikit-learn and SHAP in Python 3 were used for all analyses.The supplementary material includes code for model development and a user-friendly online MACE prediction calculator.RESULTS Of the 537 included patients,23(4.46%)developed in-hospital MACE,with a mean age at transplantation of 52.9 years.The majority,66.1%,were male.The XGBoost model achieved an impressive AUROC of 0.89 during the training stage.This model exhibited accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score values of 0.84,0.85,0.80,and 0.79,respectively.Calibration,as assessed by the Brier score,indicated excellent model calibration with a score of 0.07.Furthermore,SHAP values highlighted the significance of certain variables in predicting postoperative MACE,with negative noninvasive cardiac stress testing,use of nonselective beta-blockers,direct bilirubin levels,blood type O,and dynamic alterations on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy being the most influential factors at the cohort-wide level.These results highlight the predictive capability of our XGBoost model in assessing the risk of post-LT MACE,making it a valuable tool for clinical practice.CONCLUSION Our study successfully assessed the feasibility and accuracy of the XGBoost machine learning model in predicting post-LT MACE,using both cardiovascular and hepatic variables.The model demonstrated impressive performance,aligning with literature findings,and exhibited excellent calibration.Notably,our cautious approach to prevent overfitting and data leakage suggests the stability of results when applied to prospective data,reinforcing the model’s value as a reliable tool for predicting post-LT MACE in clinical practice.

In vivo label-free measurement of blood flow velocity symmetry based on dual line scanning third-harmonic generation microscopy excited at the 1700 nm window

Measurement of bloodflow velocity is key to understanding physiology and pathology in vivo.While most measurements are performed at the middle of the blood vessel,little research has been done on characterizing the instantaneous bloodflow velocity distribution.This is mainly due to the lack of measurement technology with high spatial and temporal resolution.Here,we tackle this problem with our recently developed dual-wavelength line-scan third-harmonic generation(THG)imaging technology.Simultaneous acquisition of dual-wavelength THG line-scanning signals enables measurement of bloodflow velocities at two radially symmetric positions in both venules and arterioles in mouse brain in vivo.Our results clearly show that the instantaneous bloodflow velocity is not symmetric under general conditions.

Evaluating the stability and volumetric flowback rate of proppant packs in hydraulic fractures using the lattice Boltzmann-discrete element coupling method

The stability and mobility of proppant packs in hydraulic fractures during hydrocarbon production are numerically investigated by the lattice Boltzmann-discrete element coupling method(LB-DEM).This study starts with a preliminary proppant settling test,from which a solid volume fraction of 0.575 is calibrated for the proppant pack in the fracture.In the established workflow to investigate proppant flowback,a displacement is applied to the fracture surfaces to compact the generated proppant pack as well as further mimicking proppant embedment under closure stress.When a pressure gradient is applied to drive the fluid-particle flow,a critical aperture-to-diameter ratio of 4 is observed,above which the proppant pack would collapse.The results also show that the volumetric proppant flowback rate increases quadratically with the fracture aperture,while a linear variation between the particle flux and the pressure gradient is exhibited for a fixed fracture aperture.The research outcome contributes towards an improved understanding of proppant flowback in hydraulic fractures,which also supports an optimised proppant size selection for hydraulic fracturing operations.

A semi-analytical model for coupled flow in stress-sensitive multi-scale shale reservoirs with fractal characteristics

A large number of nanopores and complex fracture structures in shale reservoirs results in multi-scale flow of oil. With the development of shale oil reservoirs, the permeability of multi-scale media undergoes changes due to stress sensitivity, which plays a crucial role in controlling pressure propagation and oil flow. This paper proposes a multi-scale coupled flow mathematical model of matrix nanopores, induced fractures, and hydraulic fractures. In this model, the micro-scale effects of shale oil flow in fractal nanopores, fractal induced fracture network, and stress sensitivity of multi-scale media are considered. We solved the model iteratively using Pedrosa transform, semi-analytic Segmented Bessel function, Laplace transform. The results of this model exhibit good agreement with the numerical solution and field production data, confirming the high accuracy of the model. As well, the influence of stress sensitivity on permeability, pressure and production is analyzed. It is shown that the permeability and production decrease significantly when induced fractures are weakly supported. Closed induced fractures can inhibit interporosity flow in the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). It has been shown in sensitivity analysis that hydraulic fractures are beneficial to early production, and induced fractures in SRV are beneficial to middle production. The model can characterize multi-scale flow characteristics of shale oil, providing theoretical guidance for rapid productivity evaluation.

基于Moldflow软件对薄壁件某塑料喷嘴的注塑方案优化研究

喷嘴注塑产品的质量和性能很大程度上由注塑方案和工艺参数所决定,不当的注塑方案和工艺参数会导致充填不足、熔接线过多、翘曲变形量大等问题。为了可以减少生产周期,节约生产成本,利用三维软件UG对喷嘴进行建模,基于模流分析软件Moldflow软件对喷嘴注塑产品进行分析和优化,通过比较点浇口和侧浇口两种方案的分析结果,最终确定该产品点浇口的方案更好。并通过设计正交实验,得到优化后的工艺参数。

Investigation of pore geometry influence on fluid flow in heterogeneous porous media:A pore-scale study

Brazilian pre-salt reservoirs are renowned for their intricate pore networks and vuggy nature,posing significant challenges in modeling and simulating fluid flow within these carbonate reservoirs.Despite possessing excellent petrophysical properties,such as high porosity and permeability,these reservoirs typically exhibit a notably low recovery factor,sometimes falling below 10%.Previous research has indicated that various enhanced oil recovery(EOR)methods,such as water alternating gas(WAG),can substantially augment the recovery factor in pre-salt reservoirs,resulting in improvements of up to 20%.Nevertheless,the fluid flow mechanism within Brazilian carbonate reservoirs,characterized by complex pore geometry,remains unclear.Our study examines the behavior of fluid flow in a similar heterogeneous porous material,utilizing a plug sample obtained from a vugular segment of a Brazilian stromatolite outcrop,known to share analogies with certain pre-salt reservoirs.We conducted single-phase and multi-phase core flooding experiments,complemented by medical-CT scanning,to generate flow streamlines and evaluate the efficiency of water flooding.Subsequently,micro-CT scanning of the core sample was performed,and two cross-sections from horizontal and vertical plates were constructed.These cross-sections were then employed as geometries in a numerical simulator,enabling us to investigate the impact of pore geometry on fluid flow.Analysis of the pore-scale modeling and experimental data unveiled that the presence of dead-end pores and vugs results in a significant portion of the fluid remaining stagnant within these regions.Consequently,the injected fluid exhibits channeling-like behavior,leading to rapid breakthrough and low areal swept efficiency.Additionally,the numerical simulation results demonstrated that,irrespective of the size of the dead-end regions,the pressure variation within the dead-end vugs and pores is negligible.Despite the stromatolite's favorable petrophysical properties,including relatively high porosity and permeability,as well as the presence of interconnected large vugs,the recovery factor during water flooding remained low due to early breakthrough.These findings align with field data obtained from pre-salt reservoirs,providing an explanation for the observed low recovery factor during water flooding in such reservoirs.

An inverse analysis of fluid flow through granular media using differentiable lattice Boltzmann method

This study presents a method for the inverse analysis of fluid flow problems.The focus is put on accurately determining boundary conditions and characterizing the physical properties of granular media,such as permeability,and fluid components,like viscosity.The primary aim is to deduce either constant pressure head or pressure profiles,given the known velocity field at a steady-state flow through a conduit containing obstacles,including walls,spheres,and grains.The lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)combined with automatic differentiation(AD)(AD-LBM)is employed,with the help of the GPU-capable Taichi programming language.A lightweight tape is used to generate gradients for the entire LBM simulation,enabling end-to-end backpropagation.Our AD-LBM approach accurately estimates the boundary conditions for complex flow paths in porous media,leading to observed steady-state velocity fields and deriving macro-scale permeability and fluid viscosity.The method demonstrates significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency,making it a powerful tool for solving inverse fluid flow problems in various applications.

Venous Doppler flow patterns,venous congestion,heart disease and renal dysfunction:A complex liaison

The World Journal of Cardiology published an article written by Kuwahara et al that we take the pleasure to comment on.We focused our attention on venous congestion.In intensive care settings,it is now widely accepted that venous congestion is an important clinical feature worthy of investigation.Evaluating venous Doppler profile abnormalities at multiple sites could suggest adequate treatment and monitor its efficacy.Renal dysfunction could trigger or worsen fluid overload in heart disease,and cardio-renal syndrome is a well-characterized spectrum of disorders describing the complex interactions between heart and kidney diseases.Fluid overload and venous congestion,including renal venous hypertension,are major determinants of acute and chronic renal dysfunction arising in heart disease.Organ congestion from venous hypertension could be involved in the development of organ injury in several clinical situations,such as critical diseases,congestive heart failure,and chronic kidney disease.Ultrasonography and abnormal Doppler flow patterns diagnose clinically significant systemic venous congestion.Cardiologists and nephrologists might use this valuable,noninvasive,bedside diagnostic tool to establish fluid status and guide clinical choices.

基于FLOW3D的集成式水下基盘泥沙冲淤三维数值模拟

泥面下集成式水下基盘是为开采渤海通航区等海域油气资源而提出的新型基盘,其基坑周围局部冲淤是工程实践关注的问题之一。基于不可压缩粘性流体运动的Navier-Stokes方程建立泥面下集成式水下基盘基坑周围三维水动力数学模型,对不同粒径和不同流速情况下的局部冲淤进行了模拟。结果表明:泥沙粒径为0.005 mm时,由于泥沙较难起动,基坑附近局部冲淤较小。粒径分别为0.05 mm和0.1 mm时,在典型流速作用下,基盘附近可分别形成1 m左右和4 m左右的淤积。

基于MoldFlow太阳能储能系统下盖成型模拟及应用

以太阳能储能系统下盖模流分析为例,反复修改流道和浇口截面尺寸与长度以及主流道位置,确定流道尺寸。运用MoldFlow对设计好的流道进行充填分析,以使成型达到流动平衡,并进行冷却、翘曲分析,预测成型缺陷,提出解决措施,为模具设计提供浇注系统和冷却系统方案和注射成型工艺参数,并应用于模具设计和实际生产。