Lane-changing behavior is an important component of traffic simulation. A lane-changing action is normally confined to a decision-making process of the task, and the action itself is sometimes assumed as an instantane...Lane-changing behavior is an important component of traffic simulation. A lane-changing action is normally confined to a decision-making process of the task, and the action itself is sometimes assumed as an instantaneous event. Besides, the lane-changing behavior is based mostly on observable positions and speeds of other vehicles, rather than on vehicles＇ intentions. In practice, changing one lane requires about 5-6 s to complete. Existing lanechanging models do not comprehensively consider drivers＇ response to work zone lanechanging signs （or other related messages, if any）. Furthermore, drivers＇ socio-demographics are normally not taken into account. With regard to this, fuzzy logic-based lane-changing models that consider drivers＇ socio-demographics were developed to improve the realism of lane-changing maneuvers in work zones. Drivers＇ Smart Advisory System （DSAS） messages were provided as one of the scenarios. Drivers＇ responses, including reactions to work zone signs and DSAS messages, and actions to change lane, were investigated. Drivers＇ socio-demographic factors were primary independent variables, while Lane-Changing Response Time （LCRT） and Distance （LCRD） were defined as output variables. The model validation process yielded acceptable error ranges. To illustrate how these models can be used in traffic simulation, the LCRT and LCRD in work zones were estimated for five geo-locations with different socio-demographic specifications. Results show that the DSAS is able to instruct all drivers to prepare and change lanes earlier, thereby shortening the duration of changing lanes. Educational background and age are essential variables, whereas the impacts of gender on the output variables are indistinctive.展开更多
STOP signs are often physically blocked by obstacles at the corner, forming a safety threat. To enhance the safety at an un-signalized intersection like a STOP sign intersection, a radio frequency identification （RFI...STOP signs are often physically blocked by obstacles at the corner, forming a safety threat. To enhance the safety at an un-signalized intersection like a STOP sign intersection, a radio frequency identification （RFID） based drivers smart advisory system （DSAS） was developed, which provides drivers with an earlier warning message when they are approaching an un- signalized intersection, tn this research, a pilot field test was conducted with the DSAS alarm on an approach towards a STOP sign intersection in a residential area in Houston, Texas. The designed test route covers all turning movements, including left turn, through movement, and right turn. GPS units recorded test drivers＇ driving behaviors. A self-devel- oped MATLAB program and statistically significant difference t-test were applied to analyze the impacts of the DSAS messages on drivers＇ driving performance, in terms of approaching speed profile, acceleration/deceleration rates, braking distance, and possible extra vehicle emissions induced by the introduction of the DSAS message. Drivers＇ preference on the DSAS was investigated by a designed survey questionnaire among test drivers. Results showed that the DSAS alarm was able to induce drivers to drive significantly slower to approach a STOP sign intersection, perform smaller fluctuation in acceleration/deceleration rates, and be more aware of a coming STOP sign indicated by decelerating earlier. All test drivers preferred to follow the DSAS alarm on roads for a safety concern. Further, the DSAS alarm caused the reduction in emission rates through movement. For a general observation, more road tests with more participants and different test routes were recommended.展开更多
On the invitation of Prof.Jun KE (T.Ko),editor in chief of Acta Metallurgica Sinica (Chinese Edition and English Letters),the following worldknown scholars accepted as a member of International Advisory Committee of t...On the invitation of Prof.Jun KE (T.Ko),editor in chief of Acta Metallurgica Sinica (Chinese Edition and English Letters),the following worldknown scholars accepted as a member of International Advisory Committee of the journal.展开更多
On the invitation of Prof. Jun KE (T. Ko), editor in chief of Acta Metallurgica Sinica (Chinese Edition and English Letters), the following worldknown scholars accepted as a member of International Advisory Committee ...On the invitation of Prof. Jun KE (T. Ko), editor in chief of Acta Metallurgica Sinica (Chinese Edition and English Letters), the following worldknown scholars accepted as a member of International Advisory Committee of the journal.展开更多
On the invitation of Prof. Jun KE (T. Ko), editor in chief of Acta Metallurgica Sinica (Chinese Edition and English Letters), the following worldknown scholars accepted as a member of International Advisory Committee ...On the invitation of Prof. Jun KE (T. Ko), editor in chief of Acta Metallurgica Sinica (Chinese Edition and English Letters), the following worldknown scholars accepted as a member of International Advisory Committee of the journal.展开更多
Community engagement is increasingly promoted to strengthen the ethics of medical research in low-income countries. One strategy is to use community advisory boards (CABs): semi-independent groups that can potentially...Community engagement is increasingly promoted to strengthen the ethics of medical research in low-income countries. One strategy is to use community advisory boards (CABs): semi-independent groups that can potentially safeguard the rights of study participants and help improve research. However, there is little published on the experience of operating and sustaining CABs. The Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) has been conducting research and providing healthcare in a population of refugees, migrant workers, and displaced people on the Thai-Myanmar border for over 25 years. In 2009 SMRU facilitated the establishment of the Tak Province Community Ethics Advisory Board (T-CAB) in an effort to formally engage with the local communities both to obtain advice and to establish a participatory framework within which studies and the provision of health care can take place. In this paper, we draw on our experience of community engagement in this unique setting, and on our interactions with the past and present CAB members to critically reflect upon the CAB’s goals, structure and operations with a focus on the practicalities, what worked, what did not, and on its future directions.展开更多
Prof .Z.I .Alferov Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute 26 ,Polytechnicheskaya st .St .Petersburg 194021 Russian Federation Prof .M.F.Li ECE Department National University of Singapore 10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore
On Jan. 19-20, the EAN International Advisory Council Meeting 2005, which was sponsored by the Article Numbering Centre of China (ANCC), was held in Beijing.
基金supported in part by the Tier 1 University Transportation Center TranLIVE# DTRT12GUTC17/KLK900-SB-003the National Science Foundation(NSF)under grants#1137732
文摘Lane-changing behavior is an important component of traffic simulation. A lane-changing action is normally confined to a decision-making process of the task, and the action itself is sometimes assumed as an instantaneous event. Besides, the lane-changing behavior is based mostly on observable positions and speeds of other vehicles, rather than on vehicles＇ intentions. In practice, changing one lane requires about 5-6 s to complete. Existing lanechanging models do not comprehensively consider drivers＇ response to work zone lanechanging signs （or other related messages, if any）. Furthermore, drivers＇ socio-demographics are normally not taken into account. With regard to this, fuzzy logic-based lane-changing models that consider drivers＇ socio-demographics were developed to improve the realism of lane-changing maneuvers in work zones. Drivers＇ Smart Advisory System （DSAS） messages were provided as one of the scenarios. Drivers＇ responses, including reactions to work zone signs and DSAS messages, and actions to change lane, were investigated. Drivers＇ socio-demographic factors were primary independent variables, while Lane-Changing Response Time （LCRT） and Distance （LCRD） were defined as output variables. The model validation process yielded acceptable error ranges. To illustrate how these models can be used in traffic simulation, the LCRT and LCRD in work zones were estimated for five geo-locations with different socio-demographic specifications. Results show that the DSAS is able to instruct all drivers to prepare and change lanes earlier, thereby shortening the duration of changing lanes. Educational background and age are essential variables, whereas the impacts of gender on the output variables are indistinctive.
基金supported in part by the United States Tier 1 University Transportation Center Tran LIVE #DTRT12GUTC17/KLK900-SB-003the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants #1137732
文摘STOP signs are often physically blocked by obstacles at the corner, forming a safety threat. To enhance the safety at an un-signalized intersection like a STOP sign intersection, a radio frequency identification （RFID） based drivers smart advisory system （DSAS） was developed, which provides drivers with an earlier warning message when they are approaching an un- signalized intersection, tn this research, a pilot field test was conducted with the DSAS alarm on an approach towards a STOP sign intersection in a residential area in Houston, Texas. The designed test route covers all turning movements, including left turn, through movement, and right turn. GPS units recorded test drivers＇ driving behaviors. A self-devel- oped MATLAB program and statistically significant difference t-test were applied to analyze the impacts of the DSAS messages on drivers＇ driving performance, in terms of approaching speed profile, acceleration/deceleration rates, braking distance, and possible extra vehicle emissions induced by the introduction of the DSAS message. Drivers＇ preference on the DSAS was investigated by a designed survey questionnaire among test drivers. Results showed that the DSAS alarm was able to induce drivers to drive significantly slower to approach a STOP sign intersection, perform smaller fluctuation in acceleration/deceleration rates, and be more aware of a coming STOP sign indicated by decelerating earlier. All test drivers preferred to follow the DSAS alarm on roads for a safety concern. Further, the DSAS alarm caused the reduction in emission rates through movement. For a general observation, more road tests with more participants and different test routes were recommended.
文摘On the invitation of Prof.Jun KE (T.Ko),editor in chief of Acta Metallurgica Sinica (Chinese Edition and English Letters),the following worldknown scholars accepted as a member of International Advisory Committee of the journal.
文摘On the invitation of Prof. Jun KE (T. Ko), editor in chief of Acta Metallurgica Sinica (Chinese Edition and English Letters), the following worldknown scholars accepted as a member of International Advisory Committee of the journal.
文摘On the invitation of Prof. Jun KE (T. Ko), editor in chief of Acta Metallurgica Sinica (Chinese Edition and English Letters), the following worldknown scholars accepted as a member of International Advisory Committee of the journal.
文摘Community engagement is increasingly promoted to strengthen the ethics of medical research in low-income countries. One strategy is to use community advisory boards (CABs): semi-independent groups that can potentially safeguard the rights of study participants and help improve research. However, there is little published on the experience of operating and sustaining CABs. The Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) has been conducting research and providing healthcare in a population of refugees, migrant workers, and displaced people on the Thai-Myanmar border for over 25 years. In 2009 SMRU facilitated the establishment of the Tak Province Community Ethics Advisory Board (T-CAB) in an effort to formally engage with the local communities both to obtain advice and to establish a participatory framework within which studies and the provision of health care can take place. In this paper, we draw on our experience of community engagement in this unique setting, and on our interactions with the past and present CAB members to critically reflect upon the CAB’s goals, structure and operations with a focus on the practicalities, what worked, what did not, and on its future directions.
文摘Prof .Z.I .Alferov Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute 26 ,Polytechnicheskaya st .St .Petersburg 194021 Russian Federation Prof .M.F.Li ECE Department National University of Singapore 10 Kent Ridge Crescent Singapore
文摘On Jan. 19-20, the EAN International Advisory Council Meeting 2005, which was sponsored by the Article Numbering Centre of China (ANCC), was held in Beijing.
