优化QuEChERS法联合UPLC-MS/MS测定马兰草中35种农药的残留

目的建立优化的QuEChERS提取方法结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定马兰草中35种农药残留的方法。方法13批次马兰草样品净化前处理后,采用QuEChERS提取方法,以乙腈作为提取溶剂、经亲水亲油平衡材料(HLB SPE)固相萃取柱净化,选择waters Xbridge C18色谱柱(10 cm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)、0.1%甲酸溶液(含5 mmol/L甲酸铵)-乙腈为流动相,柱温40℃、流速0.3 mL/min,应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)在多反应监测模式(MRM)下扫描,采用基质标准曲线法对马兰草中35种目标农药进行定量分析。结果所检35种农药在0.77~155.38μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9938;方法加标回收率为71.3%~108.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%~6.7%,检测限范围为0.77~7.77μg/L,1批样品中检出甲拌磷。结论本研究建立的方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高及可靠性强等特点,适用于马兰草中多种农药残留的检测。

Analysis of the Conditional Correlations from Different Genetic Systems Between the Protein Content and the Appearance Quality Traits of Indica Rice

A factorial mating design in two environments was conducted using 7 cytoplasmic male sterile lines （A） and 5 restorer lines （R） along with their F1 （A × R） and F2 populations. The unconditional and conditional analyses of genetic models and the corresponding statistic methods, including endospermic, cytoplasmic, and maternal plant genetic systems, were used to analyze the genetic relationships between protein content （PC） and the appearance quality traits of indica rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The results from unconditional analysis indicated that PC was significantly correlated with the appearance quality traits of rice, except for the brown rice thickness （BRT）. Only the genetic covariance between PC and the brown rice width （BRW） was positively correlative, whereas all the other pairwise traits were negatively correlative. The results from conditional analysis revealed that the weight of brown rice （WBR） or the amylose content （AC） could significantly affect the relationships between PC and the appearance quality traits of indica rice. The conditional analysis showed that WBR might negatively affect the relationships between PC and the brown rice length （BRL）, BRW, or BRT through the geuotype x environmental （GE） interaction effects, but positively affected the relationships between PC and the ratio of brown rice length to width （RLW） or the ratio of brown rice length to thickness （RLT）. The amylase content could positively affect the relationships between PC and BRL, RLW, RLT through the cytoplasmic effects and maternal additive effects, but negatively affected the relationships between PC and BRW.

水分胁迫对芒果(Mangifera indica L.)幼叶细胞活性氧伤害的影响

对芒果进行水分干旱胁迫处理 .结果表明 ,水分胁迫使芒果幼叶的相对含水量 RWC( relative water content)和叶水势 ΨT 下降 .芒果幼叶的超氧离子 O- 2.产生速率随水分胁迫处理强度加大而增加 .丙二醛 MDA( malondialdehyde)含量的变化趋势与 O- 2.产生速率的变化趋势相似 ,超氧歧化酶 SOD( superoxide dismutace) ,过氧化物酶 POD( peroxidase)和过氧化氢酶 CAT( catalase)的活性水平也与 O- 2.的变化相一致 ,细胞相对质膜透性加大 .说明芒果幼叶的水分胁迫损伤 ,是由 O- 2.引发的膜脂过氧化 ,致使 MDA含量增加 。

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵罗望子(Tamarindus indica L.)饮料的研制

以营养丰富的野生果树资源———罗望子为原料,利用浸提法制取原果汁,并对原汁进行预处理,得到适合嗜酸乳杆菌生长繁殖的罗望子果汁,通过发酵制得新型的果汁发酵饮料———罗望子活性乳酸菌饮料,并对其制作工艺进行了探讨。该活性乳酸菌制品营养丰富、芳香浓郁、口感怡人,饮料中嗜酸乳杆菌含量达1.0×108个/mL。

Salt Stress Effect on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Three New Varieties of Lagerstroemia indica

The effects of different concentrations of NaCI （0, 0.10%, 0.25%, 0.40%, 0.55%, 0.70%） on the growth and physiological characteristics of three new varieties of Lagerstroemia indica were studied by pot experiment in the plastic greenhouses. The results showed that under different NaCI concentrations, the relative height in- crement and the relative diameter increment of L. indica were restrained obviously; the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and GSH decreased with in- crease of NaCI concentration; and the content of MDA increased with increase of NaCI concentration. Through the determination and comparison of physiological in- dexes, and analysis of correlativity, NaCI tolerance of the three new L. indica vari- eties ranked as L. indica ＇Pink Velour＇〉L. indica ＇Dynamite＇〉L. indica ＇Red Rock- et＇. This is consistent with the results of the morphological characteristics after Na- CI stress.

Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Chalkiness and Endosperm Transparency Detected in Three Recombinant Inbred Line Populations of Indica Rice

Quantitative trait loci（QTL） for percentage of chalky grain,degree of chalkiness,and endosperm transparency were detected using 3 recombinant inbred line populations derived from crosses between parental lines of commercial three-line hybrids of indica rice.Two of the populations showed great variations on heading date,and the other had a short range of heading date variation.A total of 40 QTLs were detected and fell into 15 regions of 10 chromosomes,of which 5 regions were detected for 1 or more same traits over different populations,2 were detected for different traits in different populations,3 were detected for 2 or all the 3 traits in a single population,and 5 were detected for a single trait in a single population.Most of these QTLs have been reported previously,but a region located on the long arm of chromosome 10 showing significant effects in all the 3 populations has not been reported before.It was shown that a number of gene cloned,including the Wx and Alk for the physiochemical property of rice grain,and GW2,GS3 and GW5 for grain weight and grain size,could have played important roles for the genetic control of grain chalkiness in rice,but there are many more QTLs exerting stable effects for rice chalkiness over different genetic backgrounds.It is worth paying more attentions to these regions which harbor QTL such as the qPCG5.2/qDC5.2/qET5.2 and qPCG10/qDC10/qET10 detected in our study.Our results also showed that the use of segregating populations having high-uniform heading date could greatly increase the efficiency of the identification of QTL responsible for traits that are subjected to great environmental influence.

开发和利用我国中草药作为储粮保护剂的研究——2.苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)和使君子(Quisqualis indica L.)对绿豆象和赤拟谷盗的毒杀作用

本文报导了苦楝(Melia azedarach L.)及使君子(Quisqualis indica L.)对绿豆象幼虫、成虫和赤拟谷盗各虫态的毒杀作用。利用喷雾、点滴和拌粮等不同方法处理试虫,结果表明,使君子粉的不同溶剂提取物对绿豆象幼虫、成虫和赤拟谷盗各虫态均无明显毒杀作用。苦楝粉95％乙醇提取物对两种试虫亦无明显毒杀作用。而苦楝油的毒杀效果则比较明显,并对其进行了室内毒力测定。

A new coumarin from Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A.Mey

A new coumarin was obtained from the stems and roots of Wikstroemia indica （L.） C. A. Mey. Its structure was elucidated as methyl 3-（2-hydroxy-4-（7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yloxy） phenyl） propanoate by spectroscopic methods.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS法分析栾樨叶的化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)对栾樨叶的化学成分进行定性分析。栾樨叶提取液经Waters UPLC BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,正、负离子模式下采集得到基峰色谱图。通过质谱数据库、化合物质谱裂解规律,并结合相关文献及对照品的保留时间与质谱信息,从栾樨叶中共鉴别出52个化学成分,包括2个香豆素类,15个黄酮类,16个苯丙素类,5个生物碱类,5个脂肪酸类,3个有机酸类,3个氨基酸类,1个酚酸类和2个其他类化合物,其中23个成分为栾樨叶中首次报道,11个化合物经对照品验证。该方法准确、可靠、高效,适用于栾樨叶化学成分的快速鉴定,可为栾樨叶的药效机制研究及临床应用提供依据。

Effects of chilling tolerance induced by spermidine pretreatment on antioxidative activity,endogenous hormones and ultrastructure of indica-japonica hybrid rice seedlings

Spermidine（Spd） is known to be involved in the regulation of plant responses to chilling stress and counteract the adverse effect of stress conditions.Antioxidant activities,endogenous hormones and ultrastructure change under chilling stress were investigated in indica-japonica hybrid rice seedlings.12-d-old seedlings were subjected to exogenous Spd（1 mmol L^（-1）） and then a chilling stress（6℃,4 d） was induced,followed by a subsequent recovery（25℃,4 d）.Results showed that malondialdehyde（MDA） and proline content were enhanced significantly,whereas shoot fresh and dry weights decreased during chilling stress and after recovery;chlorophyll content of chilling-stressed seedlings increased slightly but declined after recovery;additionally,total soluble sugar,sucrose,fructose and starch contents increased significantly during chilling stress,and only soluble sugar and fructose contents were observed in increase after recovery;chilling stress-induced increases in superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） activities,but declined after recovery,and the level of ascorbate peroxidase was lower during chilling stress and after recovery;however,endogenous indole-3-acetic acid（IAA）,zeatin riboside（ZR）,gibberellic acid（GA_3）,and abscisic acid（ABA） levels were induced decreased compared with Spd pretreatment.The microscopic analysis revealed that chilling stress-induced destruction of the chloroplast envelope during chilling stress and increased the number of plastoglobuli along with aberrations in thylakoid membranes after recovery.In contrast,exogenous Spd protected rice seedlings from chilling-induced injuries in terms of lower malondialdehyde,proline and carbohydrates accumulation coupled with increased endogenous hormones metabolism.After recovery,Spd pretreatment chilling-exposed seedlings showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and normal physiological function of chloroplasts.These results suggest that Spd could promote effectively chilling tolerance which might be largely attributable to the integrity of cell structure and normal metabolism of endogenous hormones in indica-japonica hybrid rice seedlings.

Unripe Fruit Extracts of <i>Mangifera indica L.</i>Protect against AGEs Formation, Melanogenesis and UVA-Induced Cell Damage

In this study, we explored the effects of unripe fruit extracts of Mangifera indica L. on the anti-aging activity in skin cells. Mangifera indica L. is a popular economical and medicinal plant with numerous health-beneficial properties. The aqueous extracts of unripe fruit of Mangifera indica L. were obtained and subjected to HPLC and NMR analyses for the identification of bioactive compounds. The anti-glycation effect of Mango unripe fruit extracts was monitored by in vitro model system of AGEs (Advanced glycation end products) formation. Mango unripe fruit extracts significantly inhibited the AGEs formation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, Mango unripe fruit extracts possessed a comparable efficiency to commercialized Kojic acids in the inhibition of melanogenesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells. The UVA-induced cell damages can be prevented and repaired by Mango unripe fruit extracts in skin fibroblast CCD-966SK. Compared to the untreated control, Mango unripe fruit extracts significantly increased the cell viability while being applied before (36%) or after (43%) UVA irradiation. These results verified the potential application of Mango unripe fruit extracts in the skin protection and recovery from UVA irradiation, as well as the suppression of AGEs formation and melanogenesis.

Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of C4H Gene of Mangifera indica L.

Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase( C4H) is a key enzyme in phenylpropanoid pathway in plants. Its activity and abundance directly affect the biosynthesis of flavonoids and aromatic compounds. In this study,degenerate primers were designed according to previously reported C4 H gene sequences to clone C4H cDNA sequence with 3'and 5'RACE-PCR from mango( Mangifera indica L). The full-length cD NA of M. indica C4H is 1 680 bp long. Its open reading frame( ORF)is 1 518 bp,encoding a protein of 505 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 58. 08 kDa. The isoelectric point of the predicted protein is 9. 52. Functional prediction showed that this gene is mainly located in mitochondria. In addition,the tertiary structure of the protein was built using SWISS-MODEL,and the results showed that the protein has three possible conformations. Phylogenetic analysis based on C4H protein sequences revealed that M. indica has a close genetic relationship with olive( Canarium album) and cocoa( Theobroma cacao). By analyzing the expression level of C4H gene in three colored mango cultivars,we found that that the expression level of C4 H gene in Guifei( with red peel) was the highest,and that in Guiqi( with green peel) was the lowest. The results provide a theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and C4H's impact on the color of mango fruit.

Efficient Regeneration System for Genetic Transformation of Mulberry (<i>Morus indica</i>L. Cultivar S-36) Using <i>in Vitro</i>Derived Shoot Meristems

Shoot meristems used for the study were exercised from the in vitro regenerated shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L of BAP for multiplication. The sensitivity of the in vitro regenerated was studied using shoot meristems of 0.5 cm. Shoot meristems were cultured on medium containing 10-100 mg/l kanamycin to determine the concentration that was lethal for multiple shoot induction and root induction. The response of shoot multiplication decreased (66.2%-6.2%) as the concentration of kanamycin increased (10.0-70.0 mg/L) with complete inhibition of shoot proliferation at 100 mg/L kanamycin. The rooting phase was very sensitive to kanamycin compared to shoot multiplication. The percentage of shoots that rooted decreased (53.8%-4.8%) with increase in the concentration of kanamycin (10.0-70.0 mg/l) on IBA and 2,4-D supplemented medium. For transformation studies, the shoot tips that were infected with Agrobacterium strain were placed on selection medium containing MS medium with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 100 mg/L kanamycin and scored for the putative transformed shoots. An average of 62.2% of shoot tips developed shoot buds from the base and the shoots reached a length of 0.5-1.0 cm at the end of 30 days of culture on the selective medium in comparison to control which showed no response. An average of 66.7% of the regenerated plants showed GUS expression on selection medium where 43.2% and 65% of GUS expression was recorded in the leaves and callus. Leaves and callus induced from the controls did not show GUS activity. Stable integration of nptII gene with the genomic DNA from these transformed plants was confirmed through PCR analysis. Our result presents an efficient regeneration system using in vitro derived shoot meristems for Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer.

Occurrence Regularity of Fruit Physiological Disease Spongy Tissue in Zihua Mango(Mangifera indica L.)

[ Objective ] The aim was to study the occurrence regularity of fruit physiological disease spongy tissue in Zihua mango （Mangifera indica L. ）. [ Meth. od] Main features of disease symptoms of Zihua mango fruit spongy tissue were investigated from 2002 to 2005 ,and the correlation between the incidence of Zihua mango fruit spongy tissue and its external factors （ fruit maturity, fruit size and fruit yield per plant） was analyzed comprehensively. [Result] The main features of disease symptoms appeared depressed cavity in the middle or lower part of fruit, forming spongy-like cavity. Immature fruits basically had no incidence. The dis- ease began to appear before 10 d of maturity. The disease incidence rate had extremely positive correlation with fruit weight, fruit vertical diameter or cross diame- ter. [ Conclusion] The research provides reference for field diagnoses, identification, preharvest and postharvest uninjurous test of fruit physiological disease suonaw tissue.

Antimicrobial Activities of Seed Extracts of Mango (<i>Mangifera indica</i>L.)

Mangifera indica L. is a species of mango in the Anacardiaceae family. It is found in the wild in tropical regions and cultivated varieties have been introduced to other warm regions of the world. This present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of mango seed against 25 representatives gram positive, gram negative, acid fast bacteria and fungi. Mango fruit seed were extracted by Soxhlet using methanol and ethanol as solvents. The extracts were tested against the microorganisms using disc diffusion method at different concentrations: 5 mg/mL, 3.75 mg/mL, 3.125 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.875 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL). In vitro antibacterial activities of methanol and ethanol extracts of mango bulb showed inhibitions to tested organisms with variable inhibition zones. Except one organism (Rhodococcus equi), no resistance among the tested strains was shown. The mean zone of inhibition produced ranged between 5 mmand18 mmwith18 mm/Mycobacterium smegmatis showed the highest zone of inhibition. In most test strains comparable zones of inhibitions were noted for both methanol and ethanol extract. Candida albicans and Aspergilllus niger were both inhibited by the extracts. The methanol and ethanol extracts of mango seed showed good inhibitory effects against almost all tested strains. The inhibition zones produced by mango extract were less than those produced by standard positive control drug. This could be due to low diffusion rate of mango extract in agarose medium, a thing needed to be further investigated. The products are potential new antimicrobial therapy in the ethnopharmacology domain.

Antibacterial Effect of Herba paederiae and Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch.-Bip Combined with Antibiotics

[ Objective] TO observe the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Herba paederiae and Kalimeds indica （ L. ） Sch.-Bip and their antibacterial effect when being used with commonly used antibiotics. [ Method ] Staphylococcus aureus CMCC29178 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 reference strains were used for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） and fractional inhibitory concentration （FIC） index using the broth microdilution method. [ Result] The aqueous extracts of Herba paederiae and Kalimeris indica （ L. ） Sch. -Bip had certain antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Eschedchia coli. Synergistic effects or additive effects at different degrees were observed when they were applied with the commonly used antibiotics. [ Conclusion] Water extraction can be widely used to primarily screen medicinal plants with antibacterial activity.

The Effect of Electrolyte on Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using Natural Dye from Mango (<i>M. indica</i>L.) Leaf as Sensitizer

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) were fabricated with mango leaf dye extracts as natural dye sensitizers at pH value of 5.20 and temperature of 18.1°C. Methanol was used as dye-extracting solvent. DSSCs from dye extract of M. indica L. with KMnO4 electrolyte had the highest photocurrent density of 1.3 mA/cm2 and fill factor FF of 0.46 for the sun at its peak. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) had a photocurrent density of 1.3 mA/cm2 and FF of 0.8 at sundown. Potassium Iodide (KI), Potassium Bromide (KBr) and Mercury Chloride (HgCl2) electrolytes had 0.2 mA/cm2, 0.08 mA/cm2 and 0.02 mA/cm2 photocurrent densities respectively. The fill factors of 0.09, 0.03 and 0.003 respectively for sun overhead while 0.08 mA/cm2, 0.01 mA/cm2 and 0.01 mA/cm2 were the values of photocurrent densities respectively at sundown. The fill factors were 0.02, 0.0006 and 0.003 respectively at sundown. The maximum power Pmax of the DSSCs were 0.5 mW/cm2, 0.10 mW/cm2, 0.01 mW/cm2 and 0.012 mW/cm2 respectively at 1300 h at 1630 h 0.9 mW/cm2, 0.14 mW/cm2, 0.005 mW/cm2 and 0.0015 mW/cm2 respectively.

苦荬菜早熟(Lactuca indica L.)品种选育初报

苦荚菜(Lactuca indica L.)为菊科蒿苣属一年生青刈饲料作物。1977年由河北省引入我区种植,表现高产、品质优良、适口性好。在呼市地区一年可刈制3～4次,亩产鲜草万斤左右。蛋旦质含量与苜蓿相近,脂肪含量却较高,纤维素含量低,是猪、禽优良的青饲料。在呼市地区青饲期从六月下旬开始一直可延续至十月中下旬、所以深受群众欢迎。但是,苦荬菜在开始引入内蒙种植时,不能结实。其主要原因是:与引种地相比。

Plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplast of indica rice Qiugui’ai 11 (Oryza sativa L.)

In the recent decade,plant regeneration fromprotoplast has been obtained through embryo-genic cell suspension cultures of rice.Howev-er,not only the establishment of embryogeniccell suspension cultures of rice was difficult,but also the protoplasts became less and lessregenerable and the genetic change was gradu-ally accumulated during the prolonged culture.Since 1976(Deka.),extensive efforts have

Distinguishing male sterile and fertile cytoplasms in indica rice(Oryza sativa L.) by OPA 12

The majority of off-type plants in in-dica hybrid rice were CMS and itsmaintainer lines.Discrimination ofmaintainer and CMS could only beconducted at heading stage.If main-tainer and CMS line could be distin-guished earlier,it would be useful toavoid yield losses caused by usingcontaminated seeds.In this study,three pairs of A and B,Minghui 63,and Fand Fplants of Zhenshan97A/Minghui 63 were used to find