Physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration

A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.

Studies on Triterpenoid Saponins of Seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang

Aim To study the saponin constituents of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang. Methods Compounds were separated and purified by macroreticular resin column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and hydrolysis analysis. Results Six compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extracts. They were identified as escins IVc, IVd, Ia, Ib, isoescins Ia and Ib, respectively. Conclusion The above compounds were obtained from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var.chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang for the first time.

Four Triterpene Oligoglycosides from the seeds of Aesculus Chinensis

A pair of novel geometrically isomeric triterpenoid saponins named escins IVa and IVb, together with known escins Ia and Ib. were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and comparison.

A New Triterpenoid Oligoglycoside Escin IVe from the Seeds ofAesculus Chinensis

A new triterpenoid saponin named escin IV e was isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. Its structure was established as 28-tigloylprotoaescigenin-3 beta-O- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-4)] -beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid.

A Pair of New Geometrically Isomeric Triterpenoid Saponins fromthe Seeds of Aesculus chinensis

Two new triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis by preparative HPLC. On the basis of chemical evidence and spectral data, their structures were established as 21 beta-tigloyl-28-acetylprotoaescigenin 3 beta-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (isoescin IIa, 1) and 21 beta-tigloyl-28-acetylprotoaescigenin 3 beta-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (isoescin IIb, 2), which are a pair of geometrical isomers.

Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis and Their Cytotoxicities

Six new triterpenoid saponins,aesculusosides A-F(1-6),together with 19 known ones,were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis.The new structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with previously reported data.Some of the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 cell line by an MTT assay,and compounds 15,16,19,and 23-25 exhibited inhibitory activities against MCF-7 with IC50 values ranging from 7.1 to 31.3μM.

Two New Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis

Two new triterpenoid saponins, named isoescins IIIa (1) and IIIb (2) were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis and identified by spectroscopic analysis and chemical hydrolysis. Their structures were established as 21 beta-tigloyl-28-acetylbarringtogenol C-3 beta-O-[beta D-galactopyranosyl( 1-->2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->])1-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (1) and 21 beta-angeloyl-28-acetylbarringtogenol C-3 beta-O-[beta-D;galactopyranosyl (1-->2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 -->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (2), which are geometrically isomeric.

A New Flavonol Oligosaccharide from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis

A new flavonol oligosaccharide, quercetin-3-O-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(12)- a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(16)]-b-D-glucopyranoside-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside, named aescuflavoside was isolated from Aesculus chinensis. Its structure was elucidated by spectra FAB-MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC and HMBC techniques.

Three New Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis

Three new triterpenoid saponins, escins IVg (1), IVh (2) and VIb (3) were isolatedfrom the seeds of Aesculus chinensis along with two known saponins, escin IIIa (4) anddesacylescin I (5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemicalhydrolysis.

Three New Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis

Three new triterpenoid saponins, escins IVc (1), IVd (2) and IVf (3) were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. They were. determined as 22 alpha-tigloyl-28-acetylprotoaescigenin-3 beta-O- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid 1, 22 alpha-angeloyl-28-acetylprotoaescigenin-3 beta-O- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)] [beta-D-glucopyrano- syl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid 2 and 28-tigloyl protoaescigenin-3 beta-O- [beta-D-gluco-pyranosyl (12)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)] -beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid 3.

Inhibitory Effects of Some Plant Extracts on 5 Bacterial Strains

[Objective] This study was conducted to develop potential natural plant products for controlling walnut blight pathogen and other bacteria. [Method] Inhibitory effects of extracts obtained from 15 plants with 3 solvents on bacteria were investi- gated by disk diffusion method. [Results] Except the extracts from Magnolia grandi- flora and Typha orientalis, extracts of 13 plant leaves presented inhibitory effects on 5 bacteria strains to certain degrees. Among them, the effect of water extract of Aesculu schinensis on Bacillus sp. XHE8 was the strongest, with inhibition zone di- ameter reaching （31.3＋3.9） mm and the ratio to control above 5.0. Four of the 5 tested strains were sensitive to the extracts of Sambucus chinensis, and 3 of them were inhibited by Ophiopegon japonicas extracts and Reineckia camea extracts, with ratios of treatment to control large than 1.5 in all. Leaf extract of A. chinensis had significant anti-bacteria ability, and could be used as a potential plant source for bactericide. [Conclusion] The results laid a foundation for exploring active com- pounds and elucidating the mechanism in it.