Protecting the Rights of Disabled Persons——From the Perspective of Protecting Their Right to Development with Affirmative Action as the Core

Establishing and protecting the right to development of disabled persons is not only the important part of Xi Jinping’s thought on human rights, but also a reflection of Marxism’s idea of human rights and a requirement of the rule of law in China. It is necessary to promote the protection of the right to development of disabled persons in terms of affirmative action. The Chinese government’s affirmative action requires structural characteristics, including providing the institutional basis for the affirmative action by constructing legal and non-legal institutions, providing an environment conducive for the affirmative action by shaping a more aware social ecology and providing valid guarantees for affirmative action by increasing the responsibility of local governments.

Arab Women in Israeli Politics： Aspirations for Fundamental Equality or Preservation of Gender Inequality？

This paper focuses on reviewing the factors that operate to reduce gender inequality in political representation among Arab women in Israel. A theoretical debate about the changes in the status of Arab women as they are reflected in political representation patterns is conducted in the context of the political reality in the last decade in Israel and the ＂Arab Spring＂ events. The paper also focuses on clarifying the significance of the changes in political representation patterns as future trends of reducing gender inequality, within the acknowledged social patterns, which do not subvert the gender order in Arab society in Israel or in the frame of fundamental social change.

Uyghur Turkic Women and Cultural Expectations： Moslem Society in Change

Profound cultural changes are transforming the Moslem world of Central Asia, partly as a response to dramatic events in the Middle East and partly to the great economic development in the region. These changes in the Moslem world especially affect the lives of women, since the cultural norms involving the protection of women are an important facet of Moslem life. The goal of this investigation is to show the importance of the ethnographic contribution to anthropological and sociological theory in investigating the new aspects of life in Central Asia. The first concept is the cultural identity of the Uyghur population of China. The second concept is that of Uyghur women, namely, the varied range of women from their role in a conservative, and patriarchal family structure to that of independent actors in a contemporary urban society. We understand that young Uyghur women face a more different set of choices than those of women in other Moslem cultures or in the rest of China. If they identify with their culture as Uyghur and Moslem, their culture restricts their opportunities as Chinese citizens. As students at Minorities University of China （MUC） in 13eijing, the relative freedom of Beijing influences them a great deal. Education and employment are the vehicles for integration into the larger Chinese group. Institutions, such as schools of ethnic studies, and the college competitive exam （the gaokao）, provide opportunities as well as obstacles for Uyghur women as part of the dynamic change in the Moslem world.