Impact of media violence on aggressive attitude for adolescents

The goal of this study was mainly to examine the impact of media violence on aggressive attitude among Chinese adolescents by using a modified STROOP task. 74 adolescents participated in this study, 37 were assigned to violent movie group and 37 were assigned to non-violent movie group. The results showed significant Movie Type and Trait Aggressiveness interaction, and adolescents with high aggressiveness (HA) had a significantly higher aggressive attitude than adolescents with mild aggressiveness (MA) and low aggressiveness (LA) after watching violent movies. Furthermore, the relation between significant Movie Type and Gender interaction was also found, and boys showed a significantly higher aggressive attitude than girls after watching violent movies. This implied that violent movies could effectively affect aggressive attitude for adolescents in China.

Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence, Core Self-Evaluations, and Psychological Adaptation of Chinese Adolescents

This study aimed to investigate the link between the exposure to intimate partner violence(IPV),core self-evaluations(CSE),and psychological adaptation of Chinese adolescents,through analysis of the results from the Survey of Children’s Exposure to Domestic Violence Scale,Core Self-Evaluations Scale,and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,involving a total of 597 Chinese middle school students.It is indicated that the exposure to IPV is positively correlated with lower levels of psychological adaptation and CSE,and CSE is positively correlated with higher levels of psychological adaptation.Mediation analysis revealed that CSE partially mediated the association between the exposure to IPV and psychological adaptation.These results suggest that educators and parents should help adolescents tackle their emotional and behavioral problems by reducing the risk of IPV exposure and increasing their CSE.

Situations of Domestic Violence against Children and Adolescents in a Northeastern Brazilian Capital

Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of children and adolescents who are victims of domestic violence. Method: This is a cross sectional and descriptive study, following a quantitative approach, conducted from September to December 2013, at the SOS CHILD service, in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The research protocol was approved by CEP/UFRN under CAAE 0166.0.051.000-11. Results: In the analysis of 69 children, the results were presented from three points of view: 1) the victim—female (56.5%), aged one to 11 years old (66.7%) and lived with one of the parents (43.5%);2) the abuser—female (60.9%) in the 14 - 23 years old and 34 - 43 years old, with the same percentage (24.6%), history of alcohol use and abuse (42.0%), the mother was the one who attacked the most (34.7%);3) types of violence, among the physical ones, the most frequent were slaps (43.2%) and punches (18.9%);the prevalence, among the psychological violence, were curses (35.4%) and abuse (27.8%);negligence, omission of care (73.5%), deprivation of care for personal appearance (18.4%);among sexual violence: sexual caresses (57.1%) and forced sex (42.9%). Conclusion: Children and adolescents placed in an unfavorable social-economic context, under the care of mothers with a history of use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs, are more vulnerable to intra-domiciliary violence.

The Relationship Between Exposure to Televised Violence and Malaysian Adolescents＇ Aggressive Behaviours＂ A Structural Equation Modelling Analysis

Previous studies on the relationship between exPosure to televised violence and viewers＇ aggressive behaviours have produced mixed results. Some studies have found significant effect sizes while others have found low and non-significant effect sizes. Television effects scholars have postulated that these mixed results are caused by the inconsistencies of research methodology employed and the inability to control major mediating variables in the studies. The present study is designed with the objectives to overcome these shortcomings. The respondents for this study were 514 students aged between 13 and 18 from 10 schools in the State of Perak, Malaysia. Exploratory data analyses provided evidence that the employed instruments achieved sound psychometric properties. Hypotheses testing suggested that exposure to the Contents of Television Violence （TVCN） did not have a direct relationship with adolescents＇ aggressive behaviours; instead, Contextual Features of Television Violence （TVCX） totally mediated this relationship. Some other mediating variables then mediated totally and some mediated partially the relationship between TVCX and adolescents＇ aggressive behaviours. To conclude, this study provides valuable information for parents, the television industry, and the policy makers in recognizing pro-violent and anti-violent features of television violence programmes for Malaysian school-going adolescents. It also provides a new perspective for future studies of television violence in Malaysia.

Exposures to violence and trauma among children and adolescents

Children and adolescents (youth) may be exposed to various forms of violence and trauma in a number of ways. Research and clinical studies have revealed that youth may be significantly impacted by isolated, single or repetitive exposures to violence and trauma. Further, these exposures may ultimately impact the overall psycho-social-emotional, and mental health, as well as, the mental health care of this population of youth who self-report, who are at-risk and who may or may not be at risk for exposure to violence and trauma in their lives. Thus, consequently, health care providers (HCP’s) who do not view or understand that exposures to violence and trauma among youth, as well as, exposures to adverse environments or situations may pose as a serious or potential psychosocial-emotional and mental health care con- sequence for this population of youth may in- advertently impede or delay timely access to appropriate health care for this population. Hence, as a consequence of this delay in timely access to appropriate psycho-social-emotional and mental health care services for this population of youth, may significantly compromise their overall psycho-social-emotional and mental health care status. This article reviews the impact of exposures to violence and trauma among youth, with a focus on current empirical findings noted in the literature regarding victimized and traumatized children and adolescents, and the implications of these findings in promoting the healing and restoration for this population of youth for HCP’s. In addition, a brief discussion of an empirical evidence-based psycho-social-emotional intervention/project referred to as The Safer Tomorrows: Injury Prevention and Violence Reduction Project? which has been designed for children and adolescents who may or may not be at-risk for exposures to violence and trauma is presented. The importance of early identification, screening, assessment and treatment among victimized and traumatized children and adolescents are also addressed.

Social and Behavioural Determinants for Occurrence of Repeat Pregnancy among Adolescents in Suna East-Migori County, Kenya

Introduction: A repeat pregnancy at adolescent age often comes with much stress and complications. It feeds into a cycle of psychological trauma and socio-economic deprivation that compromises the life of the young mother and her child. Majority of girls might be having one child, but many more might be pregnant or having more than one child at adolescent age. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional analytic mixed-method study with semi-structured questionnaires administered to 381 adolescents drawn from 10 health facilities. Two FGD and 5 key informant interviews were also conducted within the study area. Quantitative data was analysed using t-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical data. Qualitative data was themed to describe the population’s attitudes, patterns and opinions related to the study objectives. Results: Ethnicity significantly influenced occurrence of repeat pregnancy with adolescent girls from Luo ethnic group being 50% less likely to have repeat pregnancy. Adolescents who used condoms only sometimes were twice likely to report repeat pregnancy (OR: 1.7;95% CI: 1.1 - 2.7;p = 0.01), while those whose mothers had a child while under 18 years had 50% chance of having a repeat pregnancy. Similarly, those who had more than two sexual partners had higher odds of repeat pregnancy (OR: 2.5;95% CI: 1.1 - 5.6;p = 0.02). Conclusion: The study sought to investigate the association between social environment and behaviour of adolescent girls to occurrence of repeat pregnancy. It was based on Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory (SCT) that explains how human behaviour is a reciprocal interaction between the person, behaviour and the social environment. The study noted that as much as adolescent pregnancy is generally considered a social, economic and behavioural phenomenon, there was little influence by individuals around an adolescent, adolescent past-experience, future expectation, social surrounding and reinforcements in life of a teenager. However, a few factors such as ethnicity, level of support and condom use significantly influenced occurrence of repeat pregnancy among adolescents.

Drug Addictions and Sexual Violence in Childhood and Adolescence： Analyzing Life Stories

The sexual abuse suffered in childhood and adolescence, in addition to damage to physical and psychological health of the victim, is considered as an important risk factor for alcohol and drugs addiction, development of psychopathology and psychosocial damage in adulthood. In addition to the pain and humiliation that are submitted by the abuse, children and adolescents also experience shame and guilt which require them toadopt coping strategies to endure those feelings. The use of psychoactive substances is a recognized way of dealing with the pains of living. This work, which is of narrative style, analyses and discusses, through five case reports, chemical dependency as a result of sexual abuse suffered in childhood and/or adolescence. The eight subjects in this study are male and have suffered sexual violence in this age period of life. Their ages range from 23 years to 39 years, and all are admitted to a therapeutic community in a city in the interior of Sao Paulo state, in Brazil, for treatment of chemical dependency, being met by the Department of Psychology. The reasons for the choice of the participants for treatment modality for patients are： difficult to stop using drugs, even unwilling to take it, they have easy access to it; the feeling of losing control over their lives; by successive losses as a result of drug use, and for fear that their lives had a tragic ending. With the exception of two participants, the others do not classify that as a child suffered sexual violence. However, all attribute that facilitated their entry into the world of drugs. Seven participants experienced such violence in childhood （between 7 years and 9 years） and adolescence （age 14）. The attackers were people closed to the victims--in the case of two victims, their families, with the exception of one participant who was raped by a stranger. Six participants declared themselves as homosexual. Another participant does not claim to be homosexual, but presents difficulties in terms of sexuality. Two participants are H1V positive. The start of psychoactive substances use occurred during adolescence （12 years to 17 years）. The participants see drugs as an anesthetic to the pain of the soul, a way to get pleasure, but they get charged expensively, as it increases the feeling of emptiness, guilt, helplessness, worthlessness and hopelessness. Although participants have sought help to deal with addiction it is noted that throughout the life course the issue of sexual violence was not treated. It was noted that the patients have a double stigma in society： the issue of drugs addiction and the orientation of sexual desire, because the majority of participants are homosexual. The results reinforce the need for effective action geared to accommodate the victims of sexual violence and effective preventive measures to prevent children and adolescents from being abused.

KAP Survey of Turkish University Students on Sexuality,reproductive Health,Drug Addiction and Violence

Objective To investigate the attitudes, behaviours and reflections of the university students, on sexuality, reproductive health, violence, smoking, alcohol and drug use, and to find out their expectations from a youth health service. Methods A total of 5 300 students （1 880 girls, 3 420 boys）from various Jaculties of Kyrykkale University were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Students completed the self-administered questionnaire as one of the researchers was present at the classroom. Research monitors five categories of priority health-risk behaviours among youth and young adults. Results Mean age of 3 420 male （64.5%） and 1 880female （35.5%） students were 20.3 years. Among all 4 380 （82,9%） students [1 350 girls （71.8%）, 3 030 boys （88.5%）] had some kinds of information about sexuality, however this dropped to 2 730 students （51.5%） within the context of adequacy. Friends were the major source （34%） for the first information on sexuality. Using a condom was the mostly heard method of contraception （46.9%） and interestingly 1.1% of the students had no knowledge on any of the protection methods. Among all 25.3% of the students （33.0% boys, 11.4% girls） had some kind of sexual intercourse, and within this group 58.8% experienced his/her first sexual relationship at 18 years of age and over; 53.9% were protected in all intercourses. Using a condom was the main way of protection for boys （63.7%） and pills were for the girls （73.9%）. None of the female students mentioned having an abortion but 8% had friends who had undergone abortion. Tobacco use was 35.1% among the group, and 8. 7% of the male and 3.6% of the female students were using drugs. Although 67. 4% students claimed they never witnessed violence between their parents, 43.2% witnessed violence among their siblings, 67.0% beween friends, 72.6% in the streets and 64.2% in the school. About 30.0% of the students reported having weight problems, and 14.7% admitted visiting a doctor for that problem. If there would be a service providedfor the adolescents in the university, 67% of the students would attend in case of a problem. Past experiences were important for us and we saw that among all 8% of the participants had some kind of sexual problem, within this group 50.7% felt uncomfortable during the visit and only 60.4% were satisfied with the care of the physician. Conclusion Our study results show the current situation of adolescents in Kyrykkale University and will be used to improve policies and programs to reduce priority healthrisk behaviours among youth of our and surrounding provinces and establish a youth friendly service in Kyrykkale University within this purposes.

Do Pregnant Teens Have Higher Risk of Intimate Partner Violence than Pregnant Adult Women in Mexico?

Objective: The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and identify factors linked to it in pregnant Mexican adult and adolescent women. Methods: Data were gathered by the National Survey of Violence against Women (2006), applied to women between the ages 15-49, users of Mexican public health institutions. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the significant factors associated with IPV against pregnant women. Results: Both adolescent and adult study participating women showed a 24% prevalence of current IPV (during the previous 12 months). The study’s multivariate model for adult women revealed the following as main predictors for IPV: a woman’s agreement with traditional gender roles (OR = 4.35, CI95% = 2.20 - 8.60), and women with a history of childhood sexual abuse (OR = 2.76, CI95% = 1.68 - 4.55). The main predictor of IPV in pregnant adolescents was their partners’ frequency of alcohol consumption: often/usually (OR = 6.49, CI95% = 2.18 - 19.33). Conclusion: To this date, Mexico has not been able to guarantee universal screening methods for IPV as a part of prenatal care protocols. The phenomenon of IPV towards pregnant women neither has been followed-up by further research nor has been identified as a public health problem in spite of the seriousness of its implications for women and their offspring.

An Overview of The Relation Between Screen Violence and Children's Antisocial Behavior

Violent scenes are increasingly shown in today's mass media. TV and films, as one of the most influential mass media, are also containing a large amount of violence. While children and adolescents today have easier access to TV and films, they are more and more exposed the screen violence. This paper is going to give an overview of the relation between screen violence and children 's antisocial behaviors and is going to focus on the negative impact screen violence brought to children and adolescents. There are experiments and scientific findings indicates that exposure to screen violence may attribute to children's and adolescents' short-term as well as long- term aggressive behaviors. Thus, it would be necessary for parents, policy-makers and mass media to be more responsible for the content shown on screen.

Violence-related behaviors among adolescents and its association with cognitive emotion regulation strategies

Background:Adolescent violence is now regarded as a major public health concern.Despite growing interest in psychographic risk factors for violent behavior,few studies have explored the role of strategies to regulate cognitive emotion in adolescents.This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of adolescent violence behaviors and to identify the relationship between specific strategies to regulate cognitive emotion and forms of violent behavior.Methods:We cross-sectionally surveyed 3315 students in grades 7 to 10 using anonymous,self-reporting questionnaires to examine strategies to regulate cognitive emotion and violence-related behaviors in young adolescents.A logistic regression model was used to identify the relationship between specific violent behaviors and strategies to regulate cognitive emotion.Results:The most commonly reported type of violent behavior was verbal attack(48.6%),while 7.1%of students were involved in fi ghts and 2.4%had been injured in fights.Boys were involved in all forms of violent behavior studied,and did so significantly more often than girls(P<0.05).Logistic regression revealed that six cognitive emotion strategies(self-blame,rumination,planning,reappraisal,catastrophisizing,and blaming others)were associated with violent behaviors,of which catastrophisizing was the most significant factor of all violent behaviors examined that were infl uenced by this strategy.Conclusions:Violence-related behaviors,especially verbal attacks,were common among adolescents.Several cognitive emotion regulation strategies were positively associated with specific violent behaviors,but catastrophisizing was strongly related to all forms of violent behavior.Thus,programs targeting adolescent violence must address this and other maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

Characteristics and Obstetrical Outcomes of Post-Rape Pregnancies among Adolescent Girls in Post Conflict Context in Eastern DR Congo

Introduction: In conflicts such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, sexual violence is systematically perpetrated against children and adolescent girls. Unwanted pregnancy is one of the complications with a myriad of consequences for the victim, the newborn, and society. This study aims to draw up characteristics and obstetrical outcomes of post-rape pregnancies of victims under 18 years old treated at Panzi General Referral Hospital (PGRH) in Eastern DR Congo. Methods: A single-centre prospective descriptive study was conducted at PGRH over two years (June 2020 to June 2022). This study included 140 adolescent girls who became pregnant post sexual assault. They were followed from confirmation of pregnancy to delivery. Sociodemographic, psycho-affective and clinical parameters were recorded and analyzed using XLSTAT 2014 software. Results: 76.4% came from rural areas, with a median age of 16 [13-17]. Pregnancy was continued in 50.7% and terminated in 20%. The victims were casual acquaintances of the perpetrators in 33.6% and unknown in 26.4%. 57.9% attended regular antenatal consultations. 74.3% had an individual birth plan/preparation for labor, with the primary route of delivery being vaginal (69.3%). The frequency of caesarean sections was 30.7%. Some psychological symptoms were identified during labor in 52.9% like agitation (10.7%) and hypersensitivity (8.6%). Conclusion: Pregnancy post rape is a public health problem affecting adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age. These pregnancies require closer follow-up with multi-disciplinary shared care, including psychology, obstetrics, and community input, to improve mother and newborn antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum outcomes. In addition, long-term psychological sequelae of these pregnancies can be mitigated through supportive care in this high-risk period.

暴力暴露与青少年自杀意念的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

采用暴力暴露问卷、青少年自杀意念量表、自尊量表对4498名被试进行调查,以探讨暴力暴露对青少年自杀意念的影响及自尊在二者关系中的作用机制和性别的调节作用.结果显示:暴力暴露显著正向预测青少年自杀意念;自尊在暴力暴露与青少年自杀意念之间起部分中介作用;性别调节了自尊中介作用的后半段路径,即相较于女生,男生的自尊水平对自杀意念的负向预测作用更强.由此可知,目睹或亲历暴力暴露会导致青少年自杀意念产生的可能性增加,因此可以通过提升自尊水平来减少暴力暴露对自杀意念的消极影响,这一点在男生群体中作用更加显著.

约会暴力的内涵、生理基础及干预

约会暴力是以身体强迫、心理施压和危险行为来验证恋爱关系的暴力形式,对青少年造成严重伤害。约会暴力的生理基础涉及遗传、激素水平(如皮质醇、睾酮)、脑损伤及执行功能缺陷等方面。干预时,需着重改变受害者的认知,引导同伴及旁观者行为,同时加强家庭支持。未来研究应深入探索自我认知与受害的关联、类固醇的作用机制,并结合人格病理学和进化理论,对约会暴力进行全面分析。

校园暴力视角下初中生暴力暴露的特点与启发——以赣南地区为例

从校园暴力视角探讨赣南地区初中生的暴力暴露现状及特点。采用简单随机整群抽样法,选取江西省赣南地区的三所中学共2423名初中生,通过暴力暴露问卷评估青少年的暴力暴露水平,分析其在不同性别、生源地、家庭、年级等变量方面的分布及差异情况。调查发现,在暴力暴露得分方面,不同性别、年级、父母受教育程度及家庭类型的初中生之间存在显著差异(p<0.05);在生源地、是否独生子女上差异不显著(p>0.05);不同年级、性别、生源地的初中生在接触暴力暴露的途径方面存在显著差异(p<0.05)。这为净化校园环境、预防校园暴力提供了实证依据和实践启发。

观看电视暴力对青少年攻击行为的影响

目的 :探讨观看电视暴力对青少年攻击行为的影响。方法 :采用问卷对 2 5 9名初中生进行了观看暴力镜头的频次、对暴力的认同态度、观看暴力镜头的情绪反应、攻击行为倾向等五个方面的调查和分析。结果 :青少年观看暴力镜头频次和兴奋水平程度越高 ,情绪宣泄越少 ,表现出攻击行为倾向越多 ;男生的攻击行为比女生多 ;青少年的攻击行为随年级升高而降低 ;工读学校学生比普通学校学生表现出更多的攻击行为。结论 :过多地观看电视暴力可能导致青少年攻击行为倾向增加 ,且攻击行为与观看电视暴力引起的情绪反应有关。

13例青年家庭内暴力患者的临床特点及治疗

本文对１３例住院青年家庭内暴力患者的临床特点做了观察和治疗。发现多数患者有较长的幼年寄养史。少年期无品行不良史。１２例在校时学习成绩优秀。父母文化层次较高，多数父亲性格软弱或相对软弱。发病诱因多为自立性生活事件。患者具有任性、自我中心的性格特征，但未达到人格障碍的程度。家庭心理治疗合并镇静剂对半数患者有效。文章讨论了该类患者的发病原因。

系统家庭治疗干预青少年家庭内暴力行为的开放试验

目的：初步检验系统家庭治疗对青少年家庭内暴力行为的疗效及对其家庭环境的影响。方法：2009年1月至2013年1月，选取在西安市精神卫生中心就诊的以家庭内暴力行为为主要问题的青少年79例，其中男41例，女38例；年龄10～18岁，平均（16±2）岁，平均受教育年限为（8．2±2．7）年，平均家庭年收入为（2．5±1．3）万元。采用系统家庭治疗5次，每两周1次，每次1．5h。在治疗前后施测外显攻击量表（MOAS）、家庭功能评定量表（FAD）、Olson婚姻质量问卷（ENRICH）和家庭环境量表（FES），分析系统家庭治疗的MOAS减分率及和家庭功能、婚姻质量、家庭环境的关系。结果：治疗后，青少年的MOAS总分及体力攻击、财产攻击、言语攻击因子分均低于治疗前[如，MOAS总分（5．7±1．4）VS．（8．9±1．5），均P〈0．05]；青少年的FAD总分及情感介入、角色、问题解决因子分均低于治疗前[如，FAD总分（1．8±0．4）VS．（2．7±0．5）]，而ENRICH总分及婚姻满意度、解决冲突方式、角色平等性与亲友的关系因子分均高于治疗前[如，ENRICH总分（387．5±35．4）VS．（331．3±33．5），均P〈0．05]；青少年的FES矛盾性分量表分低于治疗前[（2．2±0．8）VS．（6．5±2．2）]，而情感表达分量表分高于治疗前[（6．5±2．3）VS．（3．6±1．2），均P〈0．05]。结论：系统家庭治疗对改善青少年家庭环境、减少青少年家庭内的暴力行为有协助作用。

媒体与青少年暴力

青少年是各种媒体的重要消费者,不少国家和地区的研究都发现,除了上学和睡觉,青少年花在媒体上的时间比其他任何活动都多。然而,现代媒体充满了暴力,大量的实证研究已用科学数据确凿地证明,媒体暴力极大影响了青少年的暴力行为、暴力思想和情感。在此基础上,进一步分析了媒体暴力影响青少年的机制与中介因素,并从媒体使用和监管等角度阐述了减少和预防媒体暴力对青少年影响的应对措施。