Mapping Climate Services for Disaster Risk Management: A Systematic Review and Research Gaps from a Policy Process Perspective

Climate services (CS) are crucial for mitigating and managing the impacts and risks associated with climate-induced disasters. While evidence over the past decade underscores their effectiveness across various domains, particularly agriculture, to maximize their potential, it is crucial to identify emerging priority areas and existing research gaps for future research agendas. As a contribution to this effort, this paper employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to review the state-of-the-art in the field of climate services for disaster risk management. A comprehensive search across five literature databases combined with a snowball search method using ResearchRabbit was conducted and yielded 242 peer-reviewed articles, book sections, and reports over 2013-2023 after the screening process. The analysis revealed flood, drought, and food insecurity as major climate-related disasters addressed in the reviewed literature. Major climate services addressed included early warning systems, (sub)seasonal forecasts and impact-based warnings. Grounded in the policy processes’ theoretical perspective, the main focus identified and discussed three prevailing policy-oriented priority areas: 1) development of climate services, 2) use-adoption-uptake, and 3) evaluation of climate services. In response to the limitations of the prevalent supply-driven and top-down approach to climate services promotion, co-production emerges as a cross-cutting critical aspect of the identified priority areas. Despite the extensive research in the field, more attention is needed, particularly pronounced in the science-policy interface perspective, which in practice bridges scientific knowledge and policy decisions for effective policy processes. This perspective offers a valuable analytical lens as an entry point for further investigation. Hence, future research agendas would generate insightful evidence by scrutinizing this critical aspect given its importance to institutions and climate services capacity, to better understand intricate facets of the development and the integration of climate services into disaster risk management.

Research on the Construction of Pharmacy Organization and the Development of Pharmaceutical Services in China’s Primary Medical and Health Institutions—Based on the Survey of 5 Provinces

Objective To explore the current situation and problems of the pharmacy organization and pharmaceutical services in primary medical and health institutions so as to provide a reference for improving relevant policies.Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to collect questionnaires from primary medical and health institutions in 5 provinces,and 102 questionnaires were distributed.Then Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS 21.0 software were applied for descriptive statistical analysis,chi-square test and multiple response analysis.Results and Conclusion A total of 92 primary medical and health institutions participated in the survey,and 92 valid questionnaires were recovered.The survey shows that 54.1%of the institutions have established more than 8 pharmaceutical administration regulations.63.5%and 31.8%of the institutions have formulated pharmaceutical administration and pharmacotherapy team charters(or management systems).29.7%of institutions have pharmacy personnel in accordance with relevant regulations.The higher proportion of pharmacy services are prescription review and adjustment,medication guidance,collecting and reporting adverse reactions,medication errors and medication hazard information.Primary medical and health institutions still need to further improve their pharmaceutical administration system,organizational structure,pharmacy professional training and clinical pharmacy service.

Quality Medical Services at Doorway——Beijing's community-based medical institutions

For years suffering from hypertension, Mrs. Zhang, now in her 60s, is a frequent visitor to Beijing Dewai Community Hospital in her neighborhood.＂I feel too painstaking to go to a ＇big hospital,＇＂ she says. ＂Buses are always overcrowded and slow, not suitable for people like me. Besides, community-based medical institutions charge less for treatment of the same diseases.＂

The History, Trend, Types, and Mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks

Over time, the world has transformed digitally and there is total dependence on the internet. Many more gadgets are continuously interconnected in the internet ecosystem. This fact has made the Internet a global information source for every being. Despite all this, attacker knowledge by cybercriminals has advanced and resulted in different attack methodologies on the internet and its data stores. This paper will discuss the origin and significance of Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). These kinds of attacks remain the most effective methods used by the bad guys to cause substantial damage in terms of operational, reputational, and financial damage to organizations globally. These kinds of attacks have hindered network performance and availability. The victim’s network is flooded with massive illegal traffic hence, denying genuine traffic from passing through for authorized users. The paper will explore detection mechanisms, and mitigation techniques for this network threat.

Sanitation Practices among Food Handlers in a Military Food Service Institution, Malaysia

This study was conducted over a period of two months to assess the food hygiene practices among food handlers in a military food service institution that have been trained with food safety practices and knowledge. Since limited data was published for the services rendered to governmental agencies such as the military, this study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and motivation of food handlers under this institution that was responsible for the provision of food to the armed forces in Malaysia. Findings from this study offered an insight for food sanitation practices and influence of the authority towards food service institutions under the policy of voluntary HACCP practices.

Construction of Rural Grass-roots Water Conservancy Service System in the Context of Institutional Changes

At present,it is urgent to solve problems of reforming and improving grass-roots water conservancy management mode in rural areas and improving rural water conservancy public service ability. Through analyzing institutional changes of grass-roots water conservancy management in rural areas,this paper discussed current situations and outstanding problems in grass-roots water conservancy services in rural areas of Kunming City. On the basis of current situations and problems,it came up with policy recommendations from reform of management institutions,reform of personnel system,construction of human resources,development of rural water use cooperation organizations,and improvement of fund input mechanism,to build rural grass-roots water conservancy service system.

Thoughts on Science and Technology Service in Agricultural Research Institutes:Taking Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences as an Example

Scientific and technological services are necessary for strengthening agriculture.Under the new situation,agricultural research institutes should give full play to their advantages,strive to innovate scientific and technological services methods,and improve scientific and technological service levels.Combined with the practice of science and technology work of Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,this paper made an in-depth analysis on the present situations and existing problems in the scientific and technological services of agricultural research institutes.Based on the analysis,it came up with recommendations including change ideological concepts,strengthening service awareness,adhering to people-oriented principle,enhancing the team building,improving mechanism construction,stimulating innovative vitality,exploring service methods,and enriching service connotation,so as to improve scientific and technological service works.

Demand and Value of After-School Service in Primary Schools Under the Background of“Double Reduction”Policy

After-school service is an effective arrangement of time and space for students after school hours.Its demand and value are under the strong advocacy and implementation of national policies to establish a“people-oriented”concept while focusing on students’development and pursuing educational equity.

The situation of primary care institutions under the background of new medical reform in China

[目的] 分析新医改背景下我国基层医疗卫生机构的发展现状,探讨存在的问题,为进-步完善基层 卫生事业改革发展提供参考.[方法]利用2008 - 2 0 1 2年中国卫生统计年鉴数据,对基层医疗卫生机构基础设 施、人才配置和卫生服务利用状况进行分析.[结果] 2008 - 2 0 1 2年我国基层医疗卫生机构总数量年平均增速 为 1.55%,其中西部地区的机构数量最少、但年平均增速最快,中部地区的数量比西部多比东部少;在三大基 层医疗卫生机构当中,社区卫生服务中心（ 站）、乡镇卫生院和村卫生室机构数量年平均增长率分别为8 . 4 4 %、 -1.3%和 1.6%; 三大基层机构卫生技术人员数量年平均增长率分别为2 0 . 2 5 %、3% 和 5 . 0 2 % ; 三大基层机构 诊疗人次数年平均增长率分别为2 3 . 6 8 %、3. 96% 和 8. 92 %.截至2 0 1 2年 ,社区卫生服务中心卫生技术人员的 学历以大专为主（占40. 9%）,职称以师级/助理为主 （占32. 8%）; 乡镇卫生院卫生技术人员的学历以中专为 主 （占51. 3%）,职称以士级为主（占40. 2%）.[结论]新医改后我国基层医疗卫生机构发展迅速,但资源分 布仍不均衡;基层卫生技术人员数量不断增加,但学历职称层次仍偏低;基层医疗卫生机构卫生服务利用增 加 ,但患者就医仍缺乏有效引导.

Exploring the Three-dimensional Framework of Knowledge Service in the field of Library and Information Science(LIS)

The evolution of the society and economy has stimulated the development of Knowledge Service(KS), making it an indispensable solution to address future challenges facing libraries and information institutions. However at present, academic research on knowledge service is falling short and its definition is far from clear and complete. As such,this article proposes the Three-dimensional Framework Knowledge Service(TdFKS) for libraries and information institutions based on the knowledge value chain model. By making reliability analysis and mean value analysis of a questionnaire survey result, the article clarifies the structure of the three-dimensional framework and verifies the rationality of the TdFKS.

Thoughts on the Digital Reading Service of University Libraries in the“Internet+”Era

Reading is the main route to impart scientific and cultural knowledge.It is not only related to personal growth,but also closely related to the construction of our society and the prosperity of the nation.University libraries must take on this important responsibility and strengthen the promotion of reading.In the"Internet+"era,university libraries need to focus on how to keep up with the development of the times and provide better digital reading services for teachers and students.The author studies and analyzes the main characteristics of digital reading in university libraries,and proposes the service strategy of digital reading for university libraries in the"Internet+"era,hoping to help with the university libraries playing their roles.

Pre-Service Teachers Attitude towards Teaching Environmental Education (EE) during Practicum in Malaysian Primary Schools

Environmental Education (EE) has been introduced into the Malaysian Curriculum since 1992. Related to that, EE was found to be an important subject that must be known by the teachers, prior to teach EE indirectly in the classroom. Problems occurred while implementing EE in schools such as;less knowledge about EE an extra burden among teachers to teach. At Teachers Training Institute (TTI), EE is a compulsory subject due to complete their training and this study carried out to identify the attitude of teaching EE among pre-service teachers’. The reliability of the items showed 0.830 cronbach’s alpha. One hundred and twenty five respondents among pre-service teachers’ were analyzed and the result shows pre-service teachers’ have positive attitude towards teaching EE in classroom. Analysis of data shown that there are significant differences between male and female pre-service teachers’ in attitude of teaching, with t = 0.036 (p 0.05).

“公共文化服务共同体”:大文化视野下的现代治理新路径——兼论公共文化设施质效测算模型构建

“公共文化服务共同体”建设是公共文化服务治理体系和治理能力现代化进程中的新产物,是具有中国特色的公共文化现代治理新路径。文章探讨在大文化视野下,公共文化设施的新型样态及其评价标准,提出公共文化设施质效测算模型,从公共文化设施的有效服务供给能力、有效资源保障能力、有效吸引能力和公众满意度四个方面进行测算,以期以统一的、简单的、少人工的指标进行实时动态数据分析,全面展现大文化视野下公共文化服务供给现状和实际质效,从而以科学决策促进“公共文化服务共同体”可持续发展,推动公共文化服务高质量发展。

我国养老服务产业优化发展策略研究

我国正处在人口老龄化进程加速发展的关键期,对养老服务产业提出了庞大需求。文章探索养老服务产业发展的优化策略,为政府决策提供现实依据。通过实地调研、访谈等方式调查国内养老服务产业的需求和供给现状,查找养老服务产业发展过程中的难点,结合对美国、澳大利亚、日本和德国等国家养老服务产业的文献分析,总结其成功的经验。基于上述分析研究,提出增加制度供给引导行业有序发展、鼓励参与主体公平竞争、建立多渠道筹资机制、探索长期护理保险制度、完善养老服务服务人才培养体系、建立资格准入制度、搭建人才发展平台等方面提出具体对策。

上海养老服务机构安全监管问题及其对策

目前,上海养老服务机构安全监管存在法律法规不健全、监管机制不完善、监管职能模糊、考核内容单一及市场规范缺乏等问题。可借鉴日本、美国、德国等国养老服务机构安全监管的经验,在从业标准、监管执法效能和风险管理、完善准入和退出机制、明确监管主体、强化养老服务机构安全监管、探索“互联网+监管”等方面,优化上海养老服务机构安全监管机制。

基于SHA 2011的天津基层医疗卫生机构基本公共卫生服务开展情况分析

[目的]强化经常性卫生费用核算数据政策分析,为基本公共卫生服务项目后续开展提供依据。[方法]以天津市2016-2019年基层医疗卫生机构预防服务费用核算结果为基础,分析基层医疗卫生机构基本公共卫生服务项目开展情况和存在问题。[结果]2016-2019年,天津市基层医疗卫生机构预防服务费用呈逐年增长趋势,由2016年的14.25亿元增加至2019年的18.04亿元。预防服务费用主要流向预防接种项目、慢性病管理和老年人健康管理项目;预防服务费用筹资来源仍以政府筹资方案为主,但家庭卫生支出占比呈快速增长趋势,主要是由于二类疫苗接种费用的快速增长所致。[结论]天津市基层医疗卫生机构预防服务费用流向与其基本公共卫生工作重点一致,但基层医疗卫生机构传染病防控投入程度与其职能不匹配。基层医疗卫生机构二类疫苗接种服务家庭卫生支出负担过重。

回顾与启示:中央苏区图书馆事业的成功实践

中央苏区图书馆事业为苏区文化建设作出了重要贡献,对中国图书馆的发展意义重大。文章从组织领导、服务对象、服务体系、馆藏资源、制度建设等方面回顾总结了中央苏区图书馆建设的成功实践,指出坚持党对图书馆事业的领导、服从和服务于党的中心工作、树立“读者至上”的服务理念、传承弘扬苏区精神等,对做好新时代图书馆工作具有重要的启示意义。

强化公共就业服务的关键路径:优化机构设置与职能分配

我国经济进入新发展阶段,实现高质量充分就业对于贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想和提高人民生活品质至关重要,这需要进一步强化公共就业服务。而合理设置公共就业服务机构和分配公共就业支出责任,是提供高效公共就业服务促进高质量充分就业的基础。理论上,公共就业服务职责的政府间分配要坚持三方面的原则:支出责任和财权相匹配,公平与效率兼顾,政府间协调和政府、市场合作。实践中,我国以地方人民政府为主的公共就业行政管理体制和服务机制存在一定的问题,突出表现在三个方面:公共就业服务供给过度依赖基层政府,城市辖区公共就业服务机构分散和功能同设,以及农村地区公共就业服务供给不足。为此,未来的改革要增强省级政府统筹省内公共就业服务的能力,优化市辖区公共就业服务机构设置和功能分配,加强公共就业服务的数字化和智能化建设。

IMLS《2018-2022战略规划》与《2022-2026战略规划》的对比分析及对我国图书馆事业发展的思考

文章采用网络调研法,对美国博物馆和图书馆服务署《2018–2022战略规划》与《2022–2026战略规划》进行内容分析和解读,研究发现,《2022–2026战略规划》在主张终身学习、强化基层参与、科技赋能馆藏建设、全方位优化公共服务提供水平等主要内容上具有显著变化。借鉴其经验,我国在发展图书馆事业的过程中,可从(1)发布贴近图书馆事业发展的预算规划,提高财政经费利用效率;(2)承担图书馆社会教育使命,响应全球终身教育号召;(3)推进馆藏数字化和文化遗产保护,共塑民族记忆;(4)重视数据公开和成果转化,提升服务效能;(5)强化行业内、行业间合作,畅通交流渠道方面寻求进步,以提供更为优质的公共文化服务。