光催化灭活是公认的控制病原微生物最具前景手段之一。本文以尿素和硫代巴比妥酸为起始原料,通过热聚合反应制备S掺杂g-C_(3)N_(4)(SCN),随后采用光还原法将Ag纳米粒负载于SCN表面获得新颖的可见光响应型Ag/SCN抗菌材料。对所制备纳米...光催化灭活是公认的控制病原微生物最具前景手段之一。本文以尿素和硫代巴比妥酸为起始原料,通过热聚合反应制备S掺杂g-C_(3)N_(4)(SCN),随后采用光还原法将Ag纳米粒负载于SCN表面获得新颖的可见光响应型Ag/SCN抗菌材料。对所制备纳米材料进行XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS及UV-Vis DRS表征,并深入探讨其在可见光下灭活大肠杆菌(E.coli)的性能和机制。结果表明,Ag纳米粒均匀且牢固地负载在SCN表面,纳米材料表现出显著增强的可见光响应能力。当负载量为6%时,Ag/SCN-6呈现出最佳的光催化灭菌活性,60 min内能够将6.2 lg CFU·mL^(-1)的E.coli全部灭活。自由基捕获实验结果表明,超氧自由基(·O-2)是灭活过程中最主要活性物种,它协同光生空穴(h+)和羟基自由基(·OH)主导了光催化抗菌的进程。展开更多
With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterati...With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.展开更多
The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions a...The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Aging is a natural lifelong process ending in death. Many older people are living in poverty. Older people are generally considered dependent on others as they grow older. The purpose of this article is to explore the...Aging is a natural lifelong process ending in death. Many older people are living in poverty. Older people are generally considered dependent on others as they grow older. The purpose of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship activities of Nepalese older adults. Data for this study were collected from the project Help Age International (HAI) implemented in Nepal. Qualitative data observations and interviews were used to collect data. The findings of this study show the formation of the Older People’s Association (OPA) has supported many older people to participate outside the home in various social activities. Moreover, regular deposits through OPAs offer little help. OPAs support older people in their need of financial support to implement minor entrepreneurship. Older people who received support were pleased and were actively involved in their activities and also regularly deposited money in them. Subsequently, older people’s participation in social activities has increased and also helped to lower elderly abuse, loneliness, and depression. Local governments should promote such activities which will help with healthy aging.展开更多
Synthesizing atomically precise Ag nanoclusters(NCs),which is essential for the general development of NCs,is quite challenging.In this study,we report the synthesis of high-purity atomically precise Ag NCs via a kine...Synthesizing atomically precise Ag nanoclusters(NCs),which is essential for the general development of NCs,is quite challenging.In this study,we report the synthesis of high-purity atomically precise Ag NCs via a kinetically controlled strategy.The Ag NCs were prepared using a mild reducing agent via a one-pot method.The as-prepared Ag NCs were confirmed to be Ag_(49)(D-pen)_(24)(D-pen:D-penicillamine)on the basis of their matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric and thermogravimetric characteristics.The interfacial structures of the Ag NCs were illustrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The Ag NCs were supported on activated carbon(AC)to form Ag NCs/AC,which displayed excellent activity for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol with a kinetic reaction rate constant k of 0.21 min^(-1).Such a high k value indicates that the composite could outperform several previously reported catalysts.Moreover,the catalytic activity of Ag NCs/AC remained nearly constant after six times of recycle,which suggests its excellent stability.展开更多
Aging is linked to the deterioration of many physical and cognitive abilities and is the leading risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. The growing aging population is a significant healthcare problem globally that res...Aging is linked to the deterioration of many physical and cognitive abilities and is the leading risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. The growing aging population is a significant healthcare problem globally that researchers must investigate to better understand the underlying aging processes. Advances in microarrays and sequencing techniques have resulted in deeper analyses of diverse essential genomes(e.g., mouse, human, and rat) and their corresponding cell types, their organ-specific transcriptomes, and the tissue involved in aging. Traditional gene controllers such as DNA-and RNA-binding proteins significantly influence such programs, causing the need to sort out long non-coding RNAs, a new class of powerful gene regulatory elements. However, their functional significance in the aging process and senescence has yet to be investigated and identified. Several recent researchers have associated the initiation and development of senescence and aging in mammals with several well-reported and novel long non-coding RNAs. In this review article, we identified and analyzed the evolving functions of long non-coding RNAs in cellular processes, including cellular senescence, aging, and age-related pathogenesis, which are the major hallmarks of long non-coding RNAs in aging.展开更多
The impact of cyclodextrins(CDs)on wine quality and stability remains largely unknown.This study systematically assessed the protective effect of the post-fermentation addition of CDs on color stability of red wine fr...The impact of cyclodextrins(CDs)on wine quality and stability remains largely unknown.This study systematically assessed the protective effect of the post-fermentation addition of CDs on color stability of red wine from the viewpoints of color characteristics,copigmentation and phenolic profiles.The grey relational analysis(GRA)and principal component analysis(PCA)methods were employed to dissect the key effective determinants related to color quality.The addition of CDs induced a significant hyperchromic effect of 8.19-25.40%,a significant bathochromic effect and an enhancement of the color intensity.Furthermore,the evolution of anthocyanin forms and the content of monomeric anthocyanins revealed that β-CD is a superior favorable cofactor during wine aging,but for long-term aging,2-HP-β-CD and 2-HP-γ-CD are more beneficial in promoting the formation of polymerized anthocyanins and color stability.This work provides an important reference for the use of CDs to enhance the color quality and stability of red wines.展开更多
Plaques of amyloid-β(Aβ)and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,some older adult people with AD pathological hallmarks can retain cognitive function....Plaques of amyloid-β(Aβ)and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,some older adult people with AD pathological hallmarks can retain cognitive function.Unraveling the factors that lead to this cognitive resilience to AD offers promising prospects for identifying new therapeutic targets.Our hypothesis focuses on the contribution of resilience to changes in excitatory synapses at the structural and molecular levels,which may underlie healthy cognitive performance in aged AD animals.Utilizing the Morris Water Maze test,we selected resilient(asymptomatic)and cognitively impaired aged Tg2576 mice.While the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed similar levels of Aβ42 in both experimental groups,western blot analysis revealed differences in tau pathology in the pre-synaptic supernatant fraction.To further investigate the density of synapses in the hippocampus of 16-18 month-old Tg2576 mice,we employed stereological and electron microscopic methods.Our findings indicated a decrease in the density of excitatory synapses in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 in cognitively impaired Tg2576 mice compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls.Intriguingly,through quantitative immunoelectron microscopy in the hippocampus of impaired and resilient Tg2576 transgenic AD mice,we uncovered differences in the subcellular localization of glutamate receptors.Specifically,the density of GluA1,GluA2/3,and mGlu5 in spines and dendritic shafts of CA1 pyramidal cells in impaired Tg2576 mice was significantly reduced compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls.Notably,the density of GluA2/3 in resilient Tg2576 mice was significantly increased in spines but not in dendritic shafts compared with impaired Tg2576 and non-transgenic mice.These subcellular findings strongly support the hypothesis that dendritic spine plasticity and synaptic machinery in the hippocampus play crucial roles in the mechanisms of cognitive resilience in Tg2576 mice.展开更多
We develope a method to synthesize Pb S nanoclusters（NCs） using guanine-containing oligodeoxynucleotides（ODNs）as templates. The NCs on the ODNs are ultra small（ranging from ～ 0.5 nm to 2.1 nm） and luminescent i...We develope a method to synthesize Pb S nanoclusters（NCs） using guanine-containing oligodeoxynucleotides（ODNs）as templates. The NCs on the ODNs are ultra small（ranging from ～ 0.5 nm to 2.1 nm） and luminescent in the visible region. They are characterized by photoluminescence（PL） spectra, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and X-ray powder diffraction（XRD）. The ODN–NC complexes can be used as customer-designed fluorophores which do not have the problem of multiple conjugations. The same method enables us to fabricate Pb S quantum dot molecules and connect them into nanowires, expanding their potential applications in molecule electronics and quantum computing.展开更多
Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have ...Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Silver nanoclusters（NCs） embedded in soda-lime glass was synthesized by the electric fieldassisted diffusion（EFAD） and successive annealing. The samples were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, photol...Silver nanoclusters（NCs） embedded in soda-lime glass was synthesized by the electric fieldassisted diffusion（EFAD） and successive annealing. The samples were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, and lifetime measurements. The experimental results show that the growth of silver clusters is favored by the annealing temperature and dwell time. The as-diffused and annealed glass samples show photoluminescence around 550 nm under UV excitation, which can be associated with the presence of L-center and Ag3~＋ cluster. And the increasing of the annealing temperature and dwell time results in an appearance of the SPR peak and the decreasing of the luminescence intensities because the Ag3~＋ clusters grow up into the Ag nanoparticles.展开更多
Hollow Ag2S spheres have been prepared via hydrolyze reaction of Ag2S2O3, which formed from the reaction of AgNO3 with Na2S2O3, in cyclohexane/water/polyglycol emulsion system. It was found that the component of the r...Hollow Ag2S spheres have been prepared via hydrolyze reaction of Ag2S2O3, which formed from the reaction of AgNO3 with Na2S2O3, in cyclohexane/water/polyglycol emulsion system. It was found that the component of the reaction system has a significant influence on the formation of hollow Ag2S spheres. The possible formation mechanism of the hollow Ag2S spheres in the emusion system was also discussed.展开更多
文摘光催化灭活是公认的控制病原微生物最具前景手段之一。本文以尿素和硫代巴比妥酸为起始原料,通过热聚合反应制备S掺杂g-C_(3)N_(4)(SCN),随后采用光还原法将Ag纳米粒负载于SCN表面获得新颖的可见光响应型Ag/SCN抗菌材料。对所制备纳米材料进行XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS及UV-Vis DRS表征,并深入探讨其在可见光下灭活大肠杆菌(E.coli)的性能和机制。结果表明,Ag纳米粒均匀且牢固地负载在SCN表面,纳米材料表现出显著增强的可见光响应能力。当负载量为6%时,Ag/SCN-6呈现出最佳的光催化灭菌活性,60 min内能够将6.2 lg CFU·mL^(-1)的E.coli全部灭活。自由基捕获实验结果表明,超氧自由基(·O-2)是灭活过程中最主要活性物种,它协同光生空穴(h+)和羟基自由基(·OH)主导了光催化抗菌的进程。
基金supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Foundation,No.22HHXBSS00047(to PL)Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Tianjin,No.2022BKY173(to LZ)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,No.20201194(to PL).
文摘With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.
文摘The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.
文摘Aging is a natural lifelong process ending in death. Many older people are living in poverty. Older people are generally considered dependent on others as they grow older. The purpose of this article is to explore the entrepreneurship activities of Nepalese older adults. Data for this study were collected from the project Help Age International (HAI) implemented in Nepal. Qualitative data observations and interviews were used to collect data. The findings of this study show the formation of the Older People’s Association (OPA) has supported many older people to participate outside the home in various social activities. Moreover, regular deposits through OPAs offer little help. OPAs support older people in their need of financial support to implement minor entrepreneurship. Older people who received support were pleased and were actively involved in their activities and also regularly deposited money in them. Subsequently, older people’s participation in social activities has increased and also helped to lower elderly abuse, loneliness, and depression. Local governments should promote such activities which will help with healthy aging.
基金financially supported by the Huaibei Normal University Doctoral Research Start-up Funding(No.15601012)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Provincial Department of Education(No.KJ2019A0598)+1 种基金the Excellent Young Talents Fund Program of Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province,China(No.gxyq2019168)the Team of Superior Discipline of Chemistry(No.GFXK202108).
文摘Synthesizing atomically precise Ag nanoclusters(NCs),which is essential for the general development of NCs,is quite challenging.In this study,we report the synthesis of high-purity atomically precise Ag NCs via a kinetically controlled strategy.The Ag NCs were prepared using a mild reducing agent via a one-pot method.The as-prepared Ag NCs were confirmed to be Ag_(49)(D-pen)_(24)(D-pen:D-penicillamine)on the basis of their matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric and thermogravimetric characteristics.The interfacial structures of the Ag NCs were illustrated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The Ag NCs were supported on activated carbon(AC)to form Ag NCs/AC,which displayed excellent activity for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol with a kinetic reaction rate constant k of 0.21 min^(-1).Such a high k value indicates that the composite could outperform several previously reported catalysts.Moreover,the catalytic activity of Ag NCs/AC remained nearly constant after six times of recycle,which suggests its excellent stability.
文摘Aging is linked to the deterioration of many physical and cognitive abilities and is the leading risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. The growing aging population is a significant healthcare problem globally that researchers must investigate to better understand the underlying aging processes. Advances in microarrays and sequencing techniques have resulted in deeper analyses of diverse essential genomes(e.g., mouse, human, and rat) and their corresponding cell types, their organ-specific transcriptomes, and the tissue involved in aging. Traditional gene controllers such as DNA-and RNA-binding proteins significantly influence such programs, causing the need to sort out long non-coding RNAs, a new class of powerful gene regulatory elements. However, their functional significance in the aging process and senescence has yet to be investigated and identified. Several recent researchers have associated the initiation and development of senescence and aging in mammals with several well-reported and novel long non-coding RNAs. In this review article, we identified and analyzed the evolving functions of long non-coding RNAs in cellular processes, including cellular senescence, aging, and age-related pathogenesis, which are the major hallmarks of long non-coding RNAs in aging.
基金supported by the Regional Collaborative Innovation Project in Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China(2022E02011)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD1002500)the Key Project of Research and Development Plan in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China(2018BBF02001)。
文摘The impact of cyclodextrins(CDs)on wine quality and stability remains largely unknown.This study systematically assessed the protective effect of the post-fermentation addition of CDs on color stability of red wine from the viewpoints of color characteristics,copigmentation and phenolic profiles.The grey relational analysis(GRA)and principal component analysis(PCA)methods were employed to dissect the key effective determinants related to color quality.The addition of CDs induced a significant hyperchromic effect of 8.19-25.40%,a significant bathochromic effect and an enhancement of the color intensity.Furthermore,the evolution of anthocyanin forms and the content of monomeric anthocyanins revealed that β-CD is a superior favorable cofactor during wine aging,but for long-term aging,2-HP-β-CD and 2-HP-γ-CD are more beneficial in promoting the formation of polymerized anthocyanins and color stability.This work provides an important reference for the use of CDs to enhance the color quality and stability of red wines.
基金supported by grant PID2021-125875OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by"ERDF A way of making Europe"(to RL)supported by a grant from Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (SBPLY/21/180501/000064)+3 种基金Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (2023-GRIN-34187)(to RL).Grant PID201 9-104921RB-I00/MCI/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (to AGO)the Foundation for Applied Medical Research,the University of Navarra (Pamplona,Spain)for financial supporthe Asociación de Amigos of the University of Navarra for the grant (to SB)Margarita Salas fellowship from Ministerio de Universidades and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (to AMB)
文摘Plaques of amyloid-β(Aβ)and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).However,some older adult people with AD pathological hallmarks can retain cognitive function.Unraveling the factors that lead to this cognitive resilience to AD offers promising prospects for identifying new therapeutic targets.Our hypothesis focuses on the contribution of resilience to changes in excitatory synapses at the structural and molecular levels,which may underlie healthy cognitive performance in aged AD animals.Utilizing the Morris Water Maze test,we selected resilient(asymptomatic)and cognitively impaired aged Tg2576 mice.While the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed similar levels of Aβ42 in both experimental groups,western blot analysis revealed differences in tau pathology in the pre-synaptic supernatant fraction.To further investigate the density of synapses in the hippocampus of 16-18 month-old Tg2576 mice,we employed stereological and electron microscopic methods.Our findings indicated a decrease in the density of excitatory synapses in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 in cognitively impaired Tg2576 mice compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls.Intriguingly,through quantitative immunoelectron microscopy in the hippocampus of impaired and resilient Tg2576 transgenic AD mice,we uncovered differences in the subcellular localization of glutamate receptors.Specifically,the density of GluA1,GluA2/3,and mGlu5 in spines and dendritic shafts of CA1 pyramidal cells in impaired Tg2576 mice was significantly reduced compared with age-matched resilient Tg2576 and non-transgenic controls.Notably,the density of GluA2/3 in resilient Tg2576 mice was significantly increased in spines but not in dendritic shafts compared with impaired Tg2576 and non-transgenic mice.These subcellular findings strongly support the hypothesis that dendritic spine plasticity and synaptic machinery in the hippocampus play crucial roles in the mechanisms of cognitive resilience in Tg2576 mice.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11104328,10904164,and 11004234)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.kjcx3.syw.n8)
文摘We develope a method to synthesize Pb S nanoclusters（NCs） using guanine-containing oligodeoxynucleotides（ODNs）as templates. The NCs on the ODNs are ultra small（ranging from ～ 0.5 nm to 2.1 nm） and luminescent in the visible region. They are characterized by photoluminescence（PL） spectra, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and X-ray powder diffraction（XRD）. The ODN–NC complexes can be used as customer-designed fluorophores which do not have the problem of multiple conjugations. The same method enables us to fabricate Pb S quantum dot molecules and connect them into nanowires, expanding their potential applications in molecule electronics and quantum computing.
文摘Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
基金Funded by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(12nm0504700)
文摘Silver nanoclusters（NCs） embedded in soda-lime glass was synthesized by the electric fieldassisted diffusion（EFAD） and successive annealing. The samples were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, and lifetime measurements. The experimental results show that the growth of silver clusters is favored by the annealing temperature and dwell time. The as-diffused and annealed glass samples show photoluminescence around 550 nm under UV excitation, which can be associated with the presence of L-center and Ag3~＋ cluster. And the increasing of the annealing temperature and dwell time results in an appearance of the SPR peak and the decreasing of the luminescence intensities because the Ag3~＋ clusters grow up into the Ag nanoparticles.
文摘Hollow Ag2S spheres have been prepared via hydrolyze reaction of Ag2S2O3, which formed from the reaction of AgNO3 with Na2S2O3, in cyclohexane/water/polyglycol emulsion system. It was found that the component of the reaction system has a significant influence on the formation of hollow Ag2S spheres. The possible formation mechanism of the hollow Ag2S spheres in the emusion system was also discussed.
