Enhanced ionic conductivity in a novel composite electrolyte based on Gd-doped SnO_(2) nanotubes for ultra-long-life all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

All-solid-state electrolytes are exceedingly attractive because of the outstanding inherent safety and energy density compared to liquid electrolytes.Whereas,it is still formidable to simultaneously design solid electrolytes with favorable electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility and high ionic conductivity in a simple and scalable manner.Hence,the oxygen-vacancy-rich Gd-doped SnO_(2) nanotubes(GDS NTs)are innovatively prepared and applied to the electrolyte of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries for the first time.The addition of GDS NTs can validly construct long-range co ntinuous ion transport networks in the poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based system and greatly improve the mechanical properties of the electrolyte.Compared to the PEO-based electrolyte,the composite electrolyte displays a higher lithium ion conductivity of 2.41×10^(-4) S cm^(-1) at 30℃,a higher lithium ion transference number up to 0.62 and a wider electrochemical window of 5 V at 50℃.In addition,the composite electrolyte manifests outstanding compatibility with high-voltage LiNi_(0.8)Mn_(0.1)Co_(0.1)O_(2)(NMC811)cathode,LiFePO4 cathode and lithium metal anode.The assembled Li/Li symmetric battery exhibits stable Li plating/stripping cycling performance,which can cycle steadily for 1500 h at a capacity of 0.3 mA h cm^(-2).And Li/LiFePO4 battery still maintains a high capacity of 131.54 mA h g^(-1) at 0.5C after 800 cycles,which has a superior capacity retention rate of 93.2%.The obtained novel composite electrolyte has promising application prospects in the field of all-solid-state lithium metal cells.

Development and Characterization of Aluminium-Based Metal Matrix Composites

Aluminum based metal matrix composites were fabricated using stir casting where silicon carbide and alumina were the reinforcements. Different types of properties (physical-density, mechanical-tensile, hardness, chemical-corrosion etc.) were measured and compared with base metals/alloys. The properties were significantly varied. The highest density was obtained for pure aluminium with 5% Al2O3 whereas the lowest was obtained for AA-4032 alloy. The highest hardness was obtained for AA-4032 with 5% Al2O3 whereas the lowest was obtained for pure Al with 5% Al2O3. The highest strength was obtained for AA-6061 with 5% coarse SiC whereas the lowest was obtained for pure Al. The highest impact strength was obtained for AA-4032 with 5% Al2O3 whereas the lowest was obtained for AA-6061. The corrosion resistance of all composites was lower than that of the base materials.

Wear resistance of surface metal matrix composite produced by gas tungsten arc melt injection of Cr3C2 -NiCr particles into low carbon steel

Cr3 C2-NiCr particles were injected into the melted surface of Q235 low carbon steel to make a surface metal matrix composite （MMC） layer by gas tungsten are melt injection （GTAMI） process. Hardness of the surface MMC layer was tested. Wear resistance of the surface MMC was investigated with a ball-on-disk dry sliding setup. Microstrnetures of the surface MMC layer and morphology of the worn surfaces were investigated with scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results showed that the hardness of the MMC was as high as 1 960. 7 HV. Wear loss of the upper part of the MMC layer is onlyO. 8% of that of the substrate under the dry sliding condition given. Wear loss of the bottom part is 2. 5 % of that of the substrate.

金属氧化物对Ag-Ti_(3)SiC_(2)复合材料润湿性的影响研究

采用热压烧结法制备Ag-Ti_(3)SiC_(2)-MeO复合材料。体积分数为Ag-20%Ti_(3)SiC_(2)-10%MeO(La_(2)O_(3)、Bi_(2)O_(3)、CeO_(2)和In_(2)O_(3))的致密度分别为92.3%、99.44%、89.56%和91.4%。体积分数为Ag-20%Ti_(3)SiC_(2)-5%MeO(La_(2)O_(3)、Bi_(2)O_(3)、CeO_(2)和In_(2)O_(3))致密度分别为96.82%、98.87%、92.79%和95.55%。增加MeO有助于提高Ag-Ti_(3)SiC_(2)-MeO复合材料的润湿性,Ag-20%Ti_(3)SiC_(2)-5%MeO(La_(2)O_(3)、Bi_(2)O_(3)、CeO_(2)和In_(2)O_(3))的接触角分别为60.4°、60.5°、66°和51°。

Influence of Reinforcement Type on Microstructure, Hardness, and Tensile Properties of an Aluminum Alloy Metal Matrix Composite

This paper presents the results of the comparative study of as cast microstructures and mechanical properties viz yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, percentage elongation, hardness, percentage porosity and fracture characteristic of 5 wt% SiC and Al2O3 particulate reinforced Al-4% Cu-2.5% Mg matrix composites. These composite materials were prepared through stir casting process. Quantitative metallographic techniques were utilized to determine the average grain size of particles. The microstructures and tensile fracture characteristic of the representative samples of the composites were examined using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The experimental results demonstrate a fairly uniform distribution of 50.8 μm Al2O3 and 49.2 μm SiC spherical particles with some clustering in few areas. At the interfaces of Al2O3 and the matrix, MgO and MgAl2O4 were observed. Similarly, Al4C3 was formed at the interfaces between SiC and the matrix. The mechanical property test results revealed that, for the same weight percentage of reinforcement, Al-4% Cu-2.5% Mg/5 wt% SiC composite exhibit a 15.8%, 16.4%, 4.97% and 10.8% higher yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and hardness, respectively. On the other hand, even if some porosity was observed in the Al2O3 reinforced composite, the percentage elongation (ductility) was 31% higher than that of SiC rein-forced composite. The tensile specimen of SiC reinforced composite failed in a brittle fashion without neck formation, whereas the Al2O3 reinforced composite failed in a ductile fashion with noticeable neck formation.

Aging behavior of AlNp/2024Al composites fabricated by squeeze casting

2024 aluminum matrix composites reinforced with different size AlN particles (0.5, 4 and 10μm) were fabricated by the squeeze-casting technology. The aging behavior and microstructure of AlNp/2024Al composites were investigated by Brinell hardness measurement and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the precipitation sequence of AlNp/2024Al composites is similar to that of the matrix alloy aged at 160 and 190℃, but the age hardening rate of composites is improved, and the AlN particles with large size promote the precipitation process more obviously, in comparison with smaller AlN particles. With increasing temperature, the precipitation processes are accelerated, and the time to reach the peak hardness is shortened. The acceleration of the formation of GP region and phase S' in the composites is attributed to the interfaces (between particles and the matrix) and the high density of dislocations introduced by addition of AlN particles.

反应合成Ag/SnO_2复合材料挤压过程有限元模拟

通过热力模拟压缩试验研究Ag/SnO2复合材料在不同变形条件下的流变应力行为,并根据试验数据确定再结晶动力学方程及再结晶晶粒尺寸方程中的材料参数,经过有限元模拟得出反应合成法制备的Ag/SnO2复合材料在挤压过程中的晶粒尺寸演变情况及最终晶粒尺寸。与实际挤压后试样的电镜照片进行对比,模拟结果与实验吻合,揭示了挤压过程晶粒尺寸变化的机制和变化特征。

HARDNESS PROPERTY AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF Al_2O_(3P)/ Zn-Al COMPOSITE

The hardness values and the wear resistance of Al2O3P/ Zn-Al composite, prepared by means of rheological casting technology,are investigated separately in this work. The results show that the addition of Al2O3P increases the hardness values of the matrix at both room and high temperature and improves the wear resistance of the material.The hardness values and the wear resistance of the composite rise with the increase of the particle volume fraction or the decrease of the particle size.The raising of test temperature results in a rapid descending of its hardness values.However, the addition of Al2O3P improves the property of high temperature resistance of Zn-Al alloys significantly.Moreover,the effect of quenching, tempering or cycling heat treatment on the hardness values of the composite is also studied.

预处理对TiB_(2)增强铝基复合材料电弧增材影响

以TiB_(2)/6056铝基复合材料丝材为焊材,采用冷金属过渡焊接技术,研究TiB_(2)增强铝基复合材料丝材的电弧增材,重点分析预热处理对增材层成形及接头质量的影响。结果表明:当焊接电流为140 A、送丝速度为8 m/min、焊接速度为5 mm/s、基板预热温度为200℃时制备的增材层与基板未预热制备的增材层相比,外观成形更好,气孔数目降低,气孔尺寸减小,晶粒更细小,TiB_(2)颗粒分散更好,且增材层硬度与拉伸性能均得到了提高。

Microstructure and properties of Ag/SnO2 functional material manufactured by selective laser melting

Ag/SnO2,as a promising and environment-friendly electrical contact material,is widely applied in low-voltage apparatus.But the properties of Ag/SnO2 composites is difficult to improve due to the poor distribution phases and difficult component design.In this work,the Ag/SnO2 composites are prepared by selective laser melting.To get better performance,Ag/SnO2 composites with different energy density were studied.The microstructure was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope.In addition,reinforced SnO2 phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope.The results indicated that the microstructure,relative density and hardness of are influenced by energy density,while Ag/SnO2 composites with homogeneous microstructure,high relative density,higher hardness and lower electrical resistivity can be obtained by proper energy density(E?68 J/mm^3).

Optimization of process parameters for in situ casting of Al/TiB_2 composites through response surface methodology

The mathematical models were developed to predict the ultimate tensile strength （UTS） and hardness of Al/TiB2 MMCs fabricated by in situ reaction process. The process parameters include temperature, reaction time and mass fraction of TiB2. The in-situ casting was carried out based on three-factor five-level central composite rotatable design using response surface methodology （RSM）. The validation of the model was carried out using ANOVA. The mathematical models developed for the mechanical properties were predicted at 95% confidence limit.

Taguchi approach to influence of processing parameters on erosive wear behaviour of Al7034-T6 composites

Taguchi technique was used to predict the influence of processing parameters on the erosive wear behavior Al7034-T6composite reinforced with SiC and Al2O3particles in different mass fractions.These hybrid metal matrix composites(HMMCs)werefabricated by using a simple technique called stir casting technique.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to study thesurface morphology of the composite and its evolution according to processing time.The design of experiment(DOE)based onTaguchi’s L16orthogonal array was used to identify various erosion trials.The most influencing parameter affecting the wear rate wasidentified.The results indicate that erosion wear rate of this hybrid composite is greatly influenced more by filler content and impactvelocity respectively compared to other factors.This also shows the significant wear resistance with the increase in the filler contentsof SiC and Al2O3particles,respectively.

Relationship between dispersibility of ZrO2 nanoparticles in Ni-ZrO2 electroplated nanocomposite coatings and mechanical properties of nanocomposite coatings

Ni-ZrO2 nanocomposite coatings with monodispersed ZrO2 nanoparticles were prepared from the composite plating bath containing dispersant under DC electrodeposition condition. It is found that the morphology, orientation and hardness of the composite coating with monodispersed ZrO2 nanoparticles have lots of difference from the composite coating with agglomerated ZrO2 nanoparticles and pure nickel coating. Especially, the result of hardness shows that only a very low volume fraction (less than 1%) of monodispered ZrO2 nanoparticles in Ni-ZrO2 composite coatings will result in higher hardness of the coating. The hardness of Ni-ZrO2 nanocomposite coatings with monodispersed and agglomerated ZrO2 nanoparticles are HV 529 and HV 393, respectively. The hardness value of the former composite coatings is over 1.3 times higher than that of the later. All these composite coatings are 2 - 3 times higher than that of pure nickel plating (HV 207) prepared under the same conditions.

Theoretical Analysis on Tensile Strength of ZA22/Al_2O_3 Short Fiber Composite Added with Ce

The tensile strength of squeeze casting ZA22/Al 2O 3 short fiber composite was measured with autograph AG 10TA universal testing machines made in Japan. The experimental results were analysed with the rule of mixture(ROM) model modified by Friend. The theoretical analysis agree well with the experimental results. Under the test condition of this study, the strengthening critical fiber volume fraction predicted is 34 5%. Because fiber volume fraction in the composite is under this value, the tensile strength of the composite is lower than that of ZA22 alloy matrix.

Evaluation of Wear and Corrosion Properties of AA6061/TiB₂Composites Produced by FSP Technique

Aluminum alloys are used frequently in aerospace and ship building industry. Due to poor wear and corrosion resistance, conventional aluminum alloys are replaced by metal matrix composites (MMC). Aluminum alloy matrix reinforced with ceramic particles (TiB2) has importance in industry where components slide each other. The main task is to produce MMCs with low cost effective way to meet the requirement. In this study, an attempt is made to produce AA6061/TiB2 MMCs with different volume fractions of ceramic particles using friction stir processing technique. The dry sliding wear behavior of composites was investigated using pin on disc method. The lowest wear resistance has obtained for 8% composite. The corrosion of composites was analyzed by salt spray method. It was found that wear and corrosion resistance was increased with increase of reinforcement which was higher for 8% composite.

Age hardening process modeling and optimization of aluminum alloy A356/Cow horn particulate composite for brake drum application using RSM,ANN and simulated annealing

Most conventional ceramic based aluminum metal matrix composites(MMCs) are either heavy,costly or combination of both. In order to reduce cost and weight,while at the same time maintaining quality,cow horn particles(CHp) was used with aluminum alloy A356 to produce MMC for brake drum application and other engineering uses. The aim of this research is to model the age hardening process of the produced composite using response surface methodology(RSM) and artificial neural network(ANN),and to use the developed ANN as fitness function for a simulated annealing optimization algorithm(SA-NN system) for optimization of age hardening process parameters. The results show that ANN modeled the age hardening data excellently and better than RSM with a correlation coefficient of experimental response with ANN predictions being 0.9921 as against 0.9583 for the RSM. The SA-NN system optimized process parameters were in very close agreement with the experimental values with the maximum relative error of 1.2%,minimum of 0.35% and average of 0.71%.

Mechanical Behaviour Modelling of an Mg-Stabilized Zirconia Reinforced TRIP-Matrix-Composite under Cold Working Conditions

In the present work, a new method to predict the stress-strain curves for three-phase materials has been developed. It was applied using the example of an Mg-stabilized zirconia reinforced TRIP-matrix-composite. The content of the ceramic phase was varied between 5% and 20%, whereas the particle size of the ceramic was selected to be 30 to 50 μm. The method is a further development of mixture rule for multiphase materials with more than two microstructure components. The prediction results were compared with the original method of mixture rule and with the IsoE-method. It is shown that the new method significantly improves the convergence compared to the standard method for mixture rule, even though it does not reach the accuracy of IsoE-method. Furthermore, there is an improvement of predicted convergence for large values of the total stress. Finally, a working map was designed for a quick graphical definition of the objective functions.

大塑性变形Ag-20Cu复合丝材各相变形特征

采用包覆法制备了Ag-20Cu(体积分数,%,下同)复合材料初始锭坯,热挤压成复合线材,再通过冷拉拔大变形制得Ag-20Cu复合丝。分别测量了不同真应变η下复合丝材的力学性能;通过扫描电镜测量不同真应变η下Ag和Cu两相尺寸变化,观察了其断裂形貌。通过上述实验研究了变形过程中Ag-20Cu复合材料的各相变形特征。研究结果表明:变形过程中,由于复合材料各组成相的力学性能不同,Ag和Cu两相发生协调变形,且不同变形阶段两相的协调变形方式不同;由于各相在变形过程中存在不同程度的加工硬化和回复,不同的变形阶段,复合材料的性能变化趋势不同,各相对复合材料性能的影响也不相同。

大塑性变形Ag-20wt%Cu复合材料的电学性能

通过大塑性变形方法制备了Ag-20Cu复合材料,研究了其不同应变条件下的微观组织结构和电学性能,讨论了应变程度对电学性能的影响。在现有理论的基础上,推导出了真实应变η与电学性能的关系。研究结果表明:实验值与理论预测值有较好的一致性。最后讨论了该理论公式的实用性和实际意义。

Investigation on surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue property of milling in-situ TiB_2/7050Al metal matrix composites

For higher efficiency and precision manufacturing,more and more attentions are focused on the surface roughness and residual stress of machined parts to obtain a good fatigue life.At present,the in-situ TiB_2/7050 Al metal matrix composites are widely researched due to its attractive properties such as low density,good wear resistance and improved strength.It is of great significance to investigate the machined surface roughness,residual stress and fatigue life for higher efficiency and precision manufacturing of this new kind material.In this study,the surface roughness including two-dimensional and three-dimensional roughness,residual stress and fatigue life of milling in-situ TiB_2/7050 Al metal matrix composites were analyzed.It was found from comparative investigation that the three-dimensional surface roughness would be more appropriate to represent the machined surface profile of milling particle reinforced metal matrix composites.The cutting temperature played a great role on the residual stress.However,the effect of increasing cutting force could slow down the transformation from compressive stress to tensile stress under 270°C.An exponential relationship between three-dimensional roughness and fatigue life was established and the main fracture mechanism was brittle fracture with observation of obvious shellfish veins,river pattern veins and wave shaped veins in fracture surface.