The supergiant Shuangjianzishan(SJZ) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is in the southern segment of the Great Hinggan Range(SGHR), northeast China. Previous studies suggest the ore-forming material and fluid originated from the magma...The supergiant Shuangjianzishan(SJZ) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is in the southern segment of the Great Hinggan Range(SGHR), northeast China. Previous studies suggest the ore-forming material and fluid originated from the magmatic system, and the mineralization age was consistent with the diagenetic age. However,the relationship between granitic magmatism and mineralization is still unclear in the SJZ. In this study, CH-O-He-Ar and in-situ S-Pb isotope analyses were conducted to determine the sources of ore-forming fluids and metals, which were combined with geochemistry data of SJZ granitoids from previous studies to constrain the relationship between the magmatism and the mineralization. The C-H-O-He-Ar-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggested the SJZ ore-forming material and fluids were derived from a magmatic source, which has mixed a small amount of mantle-derived materials. In addition, the disseminated sulfide from the syenogranite has comparable S-Pb isotopic composition with the sulfide minerals from ore veins,suggesting that the generation of the SJZ ore-forming fluids has a close relationship with the syenogranite magmatism. Combining with the geochemical characters of the syenogranite, the authors proposed that the mantle-derived fingerprint of the SJZ ore-forming fluid might be caused by the parent magma of the syenogranite, which was derived from partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, and underwent the residual melts segregated from a crystal mush in the shallow magma reservoir. The extraction of the syenogranite parent magma further concentrated the fertilized fluids, which was crucial to mineralization of the SJZ Ag-Pb-Zn deposit.展开更多
The Shuangjianzishan deposit in Inner Mongolia is a typical Ag-Pb-Zn deposit of the southern Great Xing’an Range.Proven reserves of Ag,Pb,and Zn in this deposit have reached the scale of super-large deposits,with fav...The Shuangjianzishan deposit in Inner Mongolia is a typical Ag-Pb-Zn deposit of the southern Great Xing’an Range.Proven reserves of Ag,Pb,and Zn in this deposit have reached the scale of super-large deposits,with favorable metallogenic conditions,strong prospecting signs,and high metallogenic potential.This paper reports a study involving integrated geophysical methods,including controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric,gravity,magnetic,and shallow-seismic-reflection methods,to determine the spatial distribution of ore-controlling structures and subsurface intrusive rock for a depth range of<2000 m in the Shuangjianzishan ore district.The objective of this study is to construct a metallogenic model of the ore district and provide a scientific basis for the exploration of similar deposits in the deep and surrounding regions.We used three-dimensional inversion for controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data based on the limited memory quasi-Newton algorithm,and three-dimensional physical-property inversion for the gravity and magnetic data to obtain information about the subsurface distribution of ore-controlling structures and intrusive rocks.Under seismic reflection results,regional geology,petrophysical properties,and borehole information,the geophysical investigation shows that the Dashizhai group,which contains the main ore-bearing strata in the ore district,is distributed within a depth range of<1239 m,and is thick in the Xinglongshan ore block and the eastern part of the Shuangjianzishan ore block.The mineralization is spatially associated with a fault system characterized by NE-,NW-,and N-trending faults.The magnetic and electrical models identify large,deep bodies of intrusive rock that are inferred to have been involved in mineralization,with local shallow emplacement of some intrusions.Combining the subsurface spatial distributions of ore-bearing strata,ore-controlling faults,and intrusive rock,we propose two different metallogenic models for the Shuangjianzishan ore district,which provide a scientific basis for further prospecting in the deep regions of the ore district and surrounding areas.展开更多
On the basis of mineral paragenesis and the chemistry and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions,the physicochemical parameters were calculated for the formation of the Dalingkou Ag-Pb-Zu deposit in Zhejiang....On the basis of mineral paragenesis and the chemistry and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions,the physicochemical parameters were calculated for the formation of the Dalingkou Ag-Pb-Zu deposit in Zhejiang.From the early to the late stage of mineralization the ore-forming temperature veriation was found to be 298.5 ℃→267.0℃→217.6℃→167.3℃,with a corresponding pH change of 3.0-5.8→6.1→6.7→5.0→7.3.The pressure changed from 403.8to 128.5atm,and logfS2-9.9→-11.2→<-15;logfO2<-44→-45.6--42.6→>-44.2;and logf CO2 around -1.55.In conjunction with geological observations.the deposit is considered to be of meso-epithermal origin,i.e.,it was formed after continental volcanic-subvolcanic activity.The major factors affecting ore precipitation are the decreasing temperature and the increasing pH of ore-forming solutions.展开更多
Although vein-type silver-lead-zinc ore deposits have been extensively studied,the factors controlling their formation are still poorly understood and their genesis is a matter of ongoing debate.In this contribution,I...Although vein-type silver-lead-zinc ore deposits have been extensively studied,the factors controlling their formation are still poorly understood and their genesis is a matter of ongoing debate.In this contribution,I present new mineralogical data and the results of thermodynamic modeling that constrain the conditions of metal transport and deposition for the Aerhada epithermal Pb-Zn-Ag deposit(reserves of>1,000 t Ag@58 g/t and 1.0 Mt Pb+Zn@5.2%)in NE China.Three primary paragenetic stages have been identified,the second of which(Stage II)is the main base metal and silver mineralization.Freibergite,argentite,pyrargyrite,and canfieldite are the main Ag-bearing minerals and are spatially associated with an alteration assemblage of quartz-muscovite±chlorite±epidote.Dissolution textures and evidence of compositional heterogeneity for freibergite suggest that its decomposition may have redistributed the Ag and contributed in part to the high Ag grade ores in the deposit.Thermodynamic calculations indicate that there was extensive silver ore deposition from a strongly reducing(e.g.,∆log fO_(2)(HM)of<-8.6 to-2.4)and nearly neutral to weakly alkaline(e.g.,pH of 5.5 to 6.8)aqueous fluid at temperatures between 220℃ and 170℃.These calculations reveal that a reduction in fO_(2)and decreasing temperature,both as a result of fluid-rock interactions,were the key factors leading to silver and base metal mineral deposition.Further path modeling showed that the sole evolution of a magmatic-derived fluid is capable of forming the large Ag-Pb-Zn veins via fluid-rock interactions,which is contrary to the conclusions of some other studies that the mixture of an externally derived fluid is required to explain their formation.The genetic model for Ag-Pb-Zn ore formation developed in this study is applicable to other polymetallic vein-type deposits in comparable geological settings elsewhere.展开更多
基金supported financially by the China Geological Survey project [DD20160123 (DD-16-049, D1522), DD20160050, DD20190370]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (310827171122)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41672068)。
文摘The supergiant Shuangjianzishan(SJZ) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is in the southern segment of the Great Hinggan Range(SGHR), northeast China. Previous studies suggest the ore-forming material and fluid originated from the magmatic system, and the mineralization age was consistent with the diagenetic age. However,the relationship between granitic magmatism and mineralization is still unclear in the SJZ. In this study, CH-O-He-Ar and in-situ S-Pb isotope analyses were conducted to determine the sources of ore-forming fluids and metals, which were combined with geochemistry data of SJZ granitoids from previous studies to constrain the relationship between the magmatism and the mineralization. The C-H-O-He-Ar-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggested the SJZ ore-forming material and fluids were derived from a magmatic source, which has mixed a small amount of mantle-derived materials. In addition, the disseminated sulfide from the syenogranite has comparable S-Pb isotopic composition with the sulfide minerals from ore veins,suggesting that the generation of the SJZ ore-forming fluids has a close relationship with the syenogranite magmatism. Combining with the geochemical characters of the syenogranite, the authors proposed that the mantle-derived fingerprint of the SJZ ore-forming fluid might be caused by the parent magma of the syenogranite, which was derived from partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, and underwent the residual melts segregated from a crystal mush in the shallow magma reservoir. The extraction of the syenogranite parent magma further concentrated the fertilized fluids, which was crucial to mineralization of the SJZ Ag-Pb-Zn deposit.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0601305)the China Geological Survey(DD20160125,DD20160207,DD20190010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41504076)。
文摘The Shuangjianzishan deposit in Inner Mongolia is a typical Ag-Pb-Zn deposit of the southern Great Xing’an Range.Proven reserves of Ag,Pb,and Zn in this deposit have reached the scale of super-large deposits,with favorable metallogenic conditions,strong prospecting signs,and high metallogenic potential.This paper reports a study involving integrated geophysical methods,including controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric,gravity,magnetic,and shallow-seismic-reflection methods,to determine the spatial distribution of ore-controlling structures and subsurface intrusive rock for a depth range of<2000 m in the Shuangjianzishan ore district.The objective of this study is to construct a metallogenic model of the ore district and provide a scientific basis for the exploration of similar deposits in the deep and surrounding regions.We used three-dimensional inversion for controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric data based on the limited memory quasi-Newton algorithm,and three-dimensional physical-property inversion for the gravity and magnetic data to obtain information about the subsurface distribution of ore-controlling structures and intrusive rocks.Under seismic reflection results,regional geology,petrophysical properties,and borehole information,the geophysical investigation shows that the Dashizhai group,which contains the main ore-bearing strata in the ore district,is distributed within a depth range of<1239 m,and is thick in the Xinglongshan ore block and the eastern part of the Shuangjianzishan ore block.The mineralization is spatially associated with a fault system characterized by NE-,NW-,and N-trending faults.The magnetic and electrical models identify large,deep bodies of intrusive rock that are inferred to have been involved in mineralization,with local shallow emplacement of some intrusions.Combining the subsurface spatial distributions of ore-bearing strata,ore-controlling faults,and intrusive rock,we propose two different metallogenic models for the Shuangjianzishan ore district,which provide a scientific basis for further prospecting in the deep regions of the ore district and surrounding areas.
文摘On the basis of mineral paragenesis and the chemistry and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions,the physicochemical parameters were calculated for the formation of the Dalingkou Ag-Pb-Zu deposit in Zhejiang.From the early to the late stage of mineralization the ore-forming temperature veriation was found to be 298.5 ℃→267.0℃→217.6℃→167.3℃,with a corresponding pH change of 3.0-5.8→6.1→6.7→5.0→7.3.The pressure changed from 403.8to 128.5atm,and logfS2-9.9→-11.2→<-15;logfO2<-44→-45.6--42.6→>-44.2;and logf CO2 around -1.55.In conjunction with geological observations.the deposit is considered to be of meso-epithermal origin,i.e.,it was formed after continental volcanic-subvolcanic activity.The major factors affecting ore precipitation are the decreasing temperature and the increasing pH of ore-forming solutions.
基金This research was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122012 and 41973038)。
文摘Although vein-type silver-lead-zinc ore deposits have been extensively studied,the factors controlling their formation are still poorly understood and their genesis is a matter of ongoing debate.In this contribution,I present new mineralogical data and the results of thermodynamic modeling that constrain the conditions of metal transport and deposition for the Aerhada epithermal Pb-Zn-Ag deposit(reserves of>1,000 t Ag@58 g/t and 1.0 Mt Pb+Zn@5.2%)in NE China.Three primary paragenetic stages have been identified,the second of which(Stage II)is the main base metal and silver mineralization.Freibergite,argentite,pyrargyrite,and canfieldite are the main Ag-bearing minerals and are spatially associated with an alteration assemblage of quartz-muscovite±chlorite±epidote.Dissolution textures and evidence of compositional heterogeneity for freibergite suggest that its decomposition may have redistributed the Ag and contributed in part to the high Ag grade ores in the deposit.Thermodynamic calculations indicate that there was extensive silver ore deposition from a strongly reducing(e.g.,∆log fO_(2)(HM)of<-8.6 to-2.4)and nearly neutral to weakly alkaline(e.g.,pH of 5.5 to 6.8)aqueous fluid at temperatures between 220℃ and 170℃.These calculations reveal that a reduction in fO_(2)and decreasing temperature,both as a result of fluid-rock interactions,were the key factors leading to silver and base metal mineral deposition.Further path modeling showed that the sole evolution of a magmatic-derived fluid is capable of forming the large Ag-Pb-Zn veins via fluid-rock interactions,which is contrary to the conclusions of some other studies that the mixture of an externally derived fluid is required to explain their formation.The genetic model for Ag-Pb-Zn ore formation developed in this study is applicable to other polymetallic vein-type deposits in comparable geological settings elsewhere.
