Geological Structure and Historical Development of Pre-Jurrasic Basement of West Siberia Oil- and Gas-Bearing Megabasin Karabash Zone

An additional comprehensive study of the west Siberia Karabash zone basement has been conducted. Core samples from more than 300 wells that opened the rocks of the basement were analyzed by different methods. A new map of the pre-Jurassic basement of Karabash zone of the west part of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO) has been made. For the first time for the West Siberia megabasin U-Pb dating was made for samples from Shaim-Kuznetsovsk meganticlinorium and late to middle Devonian ages were obtained. The Devonian ages was obtained for metamorphic complexes of the region and, in general, for the basement of West Siberia. The complexes considered as Precambrian before that. The obtained results enable significantly to clarify more exact history of pre-Jurassic rock forming for the basement of the west part of West Siberia craton and its structure in the limits of Karabash zone. Thus, obtained data testify that in pre-Jurassic basement of the west part of the West Siberia (Karabash zone), filling grabens basalt effusion began during Permian time (probably at the end of early Permian) at sublatitudinal compression, that is, at collision, possibly immediately after or subsynchronously with the origin of the granite. On the edge of Permian and Triassic (or in early Triassic), sublatitudinal compression changed into stretching, and submeridional grabens came to existence and basalt effusion came up to the maximum.

Changes in the death probability of China’s elderly population and rethinking the definition of old age

A study of the age-specific death probability of China’s elderly population from 1982 to 2010 shows that,during the past 30 years,the death probability of China’s elderly population has decreased over time.This indicates that the health status of and meaning of age for the elderly population has been changing.At the same time,changes in economic,social and environmental factors and the development of science and technology have not only greatly changed the lifestyles and work situation of the elderly population,but also provided them with more opportunities to participate in economic and social activities,thus making today’s elderly people“healthier”and“younger”than those of previous generations.In conclusion,the findings of this paper suggest that it is necessary to rethink the traditional definition of elderly population.In addition,changes in the death probability of the elderly population of China also show significant gender and regional differences domestically,and there are gaps in the death probability of the elderly in China versus in developed countries,indicating that China still has a long way to go to complete a fundamental transformation of death patterns.A full understanding of such changes and differences will allow us to redefine old age and develop a new understanding of the aging society.Such an understanding can also help us to reconstruct the public policy system to meet the needs of a future society in which aging is the normal state of affairs.