Exploration of Child-friendly Urban Park Design Strategies Based on Child Behavioral Psychology

By studying the behavioral psychology and needs of children,this paper analyzes the essence of child-friendly parks from the perspective of children,and discusses the design principles and key points of child-friendly parks,so as to provide a practical basis for the construction of child-friendly cities.

Evaluation of Urban Park Design Criterias in the Case of Taraqi Park,Herat,Afghanistan

The objective of this study is to define park design standards,determine the user expectations of the parks and evaluate the defined standards in the case of Taraqi Park in Herat city.On-site detection,observation and questionnaire survey methods were utilized in the study.The conformity of the park area with international standards were evaluated while general satisfaction towards the park was tried to be determined by virtue of surveys made with the users of the park.The results revealed that the current status of the park was poor,design and management of the park needs urgent improvements.Taraqi Park is the most visited park of the city in which the overall design of the park,facilities,management and maintenance systems are observed inadequate according to standards,rules and regulations of urban parks.

Urban Park Landscape Design from the Perspective of Public Health

In face of the huge impact of COVID-19 on the society,the rising concerns on public health have brought the unprecedented opportunities to the upgrading of urban landscapes.The public concerns on health issues have shifted from the physical and mental health to the macro aspect of social health.To satisfy urban residents’ needs on healthy life is the top priority in urban public landscape designs,and also a necessary requirement of future landscape designs.Urban park is an important public activity space,and the urgent task is to explore how to build a healthy urban park and promote public health with urban parks.

Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in Urban Parks in Guangzhou City

Thermal comfort evaluations for Yuexiu Park,Lushan Park,and Baiyun Lake Park in Guangzhou were conducted using field meteorological data collection,visitor questionnaires,and literature reviews.It analyzed the impact of green coverage,water body layout,and facility configuration on thermal comfort.The results showed that good green and water body design effectively lowered the temperature in the park and improved the thermal comfort of visitors,but the insufficient facility configuration in some open areas affected the experience.The visitor’s experience is closely related to the natural environment and facility layout of the park.Therefore,in the future,park design should pay more attention to the rational configuration of shading,ventilation,and cooling facilities to improve thermal comfort,and encourage citizens to participate in the construction and management of parks to improve ecological quality and user experience.This study provides a reference for the improvement of thermal comfort in urban parks in Guangzhou and aims to promote the sustainable and human-oriented development of urban park design.

Design Methods of Ecological Urban Park

On the basis of summarizing design methods of ecological urban park,it was proposed that preparatory control work should be enhanced,reasonable zoning of use functions and spatial structures established,overall consideration given to traffi c system and vertical design,and landscaping system created based on ecological view. In addition,it was also signifi cant for designers and management departments taking proper planning and designs to create new urban open spaces,improve supporting facilities,enhance public participation mechanism,and keep pace with the sustainable development of the city.

Factors,processes,and models of soundmark identification in urban parks

The concept of a soundmark refers to a distinctive sound source that identifies a particular area based on its environmental acoustic characteristics.This study investigated the factors and processes of soundmark identification in urban parks.After interviewing participants in 14 different urban parks in China,six categories that affect soundmark identification were identified,“sound source”,“context”,“sound perception”,“individual features”,“response”and“comprehension”.First,the core category is context.As for context,in amusement parks,activity parks,and nature parks,respectively,the theme,function,and scene affect the soundmark identification.For sound perception,soundmark identification is affected by the occurrence of birdsongs and the duration of water sounds in nature parks.Soundmark identification is affected by contrast,duration,and audio-visuals in amusement parks and activity parks.Furthermore,a soundmark identification model specifically for urban parks has been established.The model contains two identified processes:responsive soundmarks and comprehensive soundmarks.For responsive soundmark identification processes,sound source,context,sound perception,and response are essential factors.For comprehensive soundmark identification processes,sound source,context,individual features,and comprehension are essential factors.The soundmarks cannot be identified if the response or comprehension is missed during the process.Ultimately,the park’s cultural features promote the identification of comprehensive soundmarks.In addition,soundmarks can be effectively transformed by changing the context of urban parks or the characteristics of sound perception.

A visualized soundscape prediction model for design processes in urban parks

Existing soundscape prediction model application conditions and calculation processes are very complex,and difficult to combine with design processes.Therefore,in this study,a visual soundscape prediction model is constructed for sound pressure level(SPL)prediction,sound source prediction,and soundscape evaluation prediction by inputting the elements of urban design under the meshing method(grid 50 m)into a machine learning Gaussian mixture model(GMM).Taking three typical urban parks as examples,the soundwalk method is used to collect subjective perception information on-site to verify prediction accuracy.The results show that by applying geographic information data,including the minimum distance values from predicted points to roads,entrances and exits,and internal nodes,the SPL can be predicted.When the accuracy rate is stable within a 3 dBA error range,the prediction accuracy rate is 67.7%.The visual perception information added is used to quickly predict the sound source type,and the output is the visualized distribution of the natural,human,and mechanical sound perception with a 77.4%accuracy rate.Finally,combining geographic,visual and sound data to predict soundscape evaluation,the model's output are good,medium,and poor categories for each descriptor of the soundscape evaluation,and the prediction results are visualized in three colours with a 74.2%accuracy rate.The convenient soundscape prediction model proposed in this paper can be applied to design practice.By adjusting park design elements,the distribution results can be compared,and an optimal design scheme from the soundscape perspective can be obtained.Combined with the model output,this study compares the model simulation results after adjusting the design elements and the original,and proposes targeted optimisation strategies for urban park soundscape.

Design of Urban Parent-Child Interaction Landscape Spaces:A Case Study of Wuhan Overseas Chinese Town(OCT) Park

From the perspective of the design of parent-child interaction landscapes,this paper took Wuhan Overseas Chinese Town (OCT) Park for example,explored children’s physiology,psychology and emotions as well as external factors,translated them into building landscape spaces,children’s emotion spaces,children’s exploration spaces,children’s social spaces,so as to facilitate parent-child interactions in these spaces,thereby to enhance the family-care education and parent-child emotional exchanges,and provide references for the construction of parent-child interaction spaces.

Landscape Planning and Design of Urban Forest Park Trails: A Case Study of Yaohu Country Forest Park in Nanchang City

Urban forest parks are open parks based on natural countryside, which can be used for outdoor sports, leisure and recreation, popular science education and other activities. The trail is a pedestrian road connecting various landscape points in the park. It not only has directional and traffic functions, but also is the most effective means for the organization of the whole park. Taking Yaohu Country Forest Park in Nanchang City as an example, this study analyzed and discussed the design of trails and landscapes.

Planning of Urban Public Disaster-prevention Green Spaces: A Case Study of Living Water Park in Chengdu City

Based on disaster-prevention functions of urban public green spaces, necessity and significance of emergency shelters in a city were analyzed. Taking Living Water Park in Chengdu for example, planning of urban public disaster-prevention green spaces was analyzed to further explore planning of urban disaster-prevention green space system and refugee spaces, and provide instructions for the planning and construction of urban disaster-prevention green spaces in China.

Planning and Design of Suzhou Sanjiaozui Wetland Park

Suzhou Sanjiaozui Wetland Park takes the protection of wetland eco-environment system as the core content,highlights regional characteristics of wetland landscapes,and designs leisure,entertainment,science popularization and education projects according to the functional orientations and actual conditions.The design ensures the effective protection and reasonable utilization of wetland resources.

全民健身背景下城市社区公园环境设计研究——以无锡市V-PARK公园设计方案为例

全民健身背景下,社区公园作为与居民生活密切相关的城市绿地,承担了周边居民健身锻炼、休闲游憩、自然体验、科普教育等众多功能,能够促进人们良好的健身习惯和健康的生活方式的形成,对普及大众体育、推动“健康中国2030”战略的实施有着重要作用。该文分析了全民健身背景下城市社区公园的设计现状,阐述优点,指出缺点,提出解决问题的四点设计策略:“系统的场地规划”“特色的环境营造”“科学的生态保护”“全面的细节考量”,并以“V-PARK公园”设计为例论证设计策略的可行性,以期为未来社区公园建设提供参考。

SCENIC HUDSON'S LONG DOCK PARK CULTIVATING RESILIENCE:TRANSFORMING A POST-INDUSTRIAL BROWNFIELD INTO A FUNCTIONAL ECOSYSTEM

Scenic Hudson’s Long Dock Park is a resilient living work of art and a vibrant community asset for the Hudson River Valley.A 23-acre peninsula on the east side of the Hudson at Beacon,New York,the site includes the Peter J.Sharp Park and the Klara Sauer Hudson River Trail.Two decades in the making,beginning in 1997,it took a decade to plan and remediate,and,by its completion in early 2017,it will have taken just as long to build and recover.In 1997,nonprofit Scenic Hudson,the largest environmental and land preservation group focused on the Hudson River Valley,started assembling the different ownership parcels of the Long Dock site.From 1999 to 2003,they engaged the Beacon community through a series of community meetings and workshops to articulate its vision for its waterfront and cleanup of the site began.From 2003 to 2007,the design team developed the architectural and site program for the project,restoration measures,and its physical expression with the client.Working with the City and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation(NYSDEC),the project completed the State Environmental Quality Review Act(SEQR)process,filing a Draft Environmental Impact Statement(DEIS)and received approval of the final EIS ensuring that there was significant environmental,social,or economic value.The NYSDEC and the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers(USACE)were also directly involved in oversight of the brownfield remediation and work within the Hudson River and site wetlands.With the SEQR process complete and approval of a mitigation plan from the USACE,the team worked with the City of Beacon to complete the site plan application process for construction.Our mandate was clear from the start-build resilience,but realize it incrementally.The project’s first phase,opened in 2009,included additional remediation and removal of contaminated soils,removal of invasive species,stabilization of the south shoreline,a test plot for different materials,a wetland boardwalk and interior pathways,installation of native plantings,and site-specific artwork.By 2014,the landscape’s multiple character zones were complete:the established meadow,the connective network of trails and boardwalks,the working site infrastructure of wetlands with swales and seeps,the dynamic intertidal zone,and earthen buttresses.A new pavilion for kayak storage and rentals and an arts and environmental education center in the historic Red Barn were significant additions for the program and community engagement of the park(refer to Figure 1).Over the past summer of 2016,portions of the site originally designed as a LEED platinum eco-hotel and conference center are now being remediated and reconceived as a new civic plaza,amphitheater,overlook west deck,boardwalk at Quiet Harbor,and a shade structure with an area for food trucks.Long Dock Park will continue to adjust and adapt to changing circumstances of ecology,climate change,flooding and sea level rise,and culture.Our original goals of renewing and revealing the historic waterfront,increasing public access to the river,restoring degraded environmental conditions,and demonstrating exemplary,environmentally sensitive development-these are complete.And the park was one of the first pilot projects for the Sustainable-SITES certification program and subsequently received SITES’s highest rating of a SITES project at the time.Even as we considered program,spatial organization,and aesthetics,our work also sought to create in Long Dock a functional and sustainable ecosystem.The park’s design needed to initiate natural processes for the degraded post-industrial brownfield to function and sustain ecosystem services that had not existed before.The design of healthy soils,the integration of hydrology,and the establishment of native plant communities form the true story of the site’s transformation from postindustrial ruin into a significant waterfront park.

“城市触媒+模块化”理念下历史街区更新改造研究——以西安莲湖公园历史街区为例

历史街区人居环境的提升关乎居民幸福生活,是城市更新改造的重点内容之一。针对西安莲湖公园历史街区居住环境恶化问题,文章提出采用“城市触媒+模块化”的设计方法开展更新改造设计。基于最小干预原则,选取街区若干触媒点作为历史街区更新改造设计重点;采用模块化设计方法以适应历史街区复杂的施工环境,利用可拼装的设备模块和居住模块降低建设成本,改善既有民居建筑品质。结果表明,相较于传统民居建筑,集成水、电、空调系统的设备模块具有节能、节水、结构坚固等优势,定制化的居住模块灵活性与适应性更强。文章提出的“城市触媒+模块化”方法为历史街区更新改造设计提供了新思路。

园、城、人相融的国家公园总体城市设计研究——以开化县国家公园城市为例

国家公园城市是国家公园、城市与人共生的可持续的新型城市模式,在世界范围内成熟案例较少。梳理国家公园城市理念,探索中国特色的国家公园城市设计方法,研究首先辨析国家公园、公园城市与国家公园城市三个概念,总结世界各国国家公园体制及城市建设的特点与实践挑战。然后,探讨中国国家公园城市发展的优势与难点,提出中国特色的园、城、人相融方式,“蔓城”设计理念与模式,以及“人民城市人民建”的国家公园城市建设方式。在此基础上,以浙江开化县国家公园城市设计为例,探索上述理论与设计方法在总体和重点城市设计尺度下的建设实践,强调生态保护为先,藤蔓弹性生长和注重公众参与。

城市湿地公园消落带景观生态重建模式探讨——以南昌市马兰圩湿地公园为例

消落带区域因季节性淹没与裸露,水流反复冲刷,加之人类活动频繁,是城市生态系统的生态敏感区和脆弱区。前人相关研究多聚焦于三峡库区或大江大河的消落带土壤、植被、生境与污染物等方面,较少关注城市湿地公园的消落带,尤其是其生态重建与生态恢复方面。以南昌市马兰圩湿地公园消落带为例,系统分析了其消落带的现状及存在的问题,并基于此提出了湿地公园消落带的生态重建原则与模式,以最大限度地恢复这一区域的生态、环境和经济功能,从而为城市湿地公园的消落带生态恢复与重建提供参考。

城市公园蚊虫防控景观设计

城市公园是优质人居环境和生态斑块的重要组成部分,然而茂密的植被和阴湿的环境也使城市公园成为蚊虫孳生的主要场所,蚊虫滋扰已成为影响人们游憩康养舒适感的最主要因素之一,还存在潜在的传染病传播风险。文章根据蚊虫防控的相关研究和现实案例,解析城市公园蚊虫防治的基本原理和主要手段,分别从公园水生环境与陆生植物群落设计、驱虫捕虫植物、蚊虫天敌的栖息地营造、蚊虫诱捕装置以及管理维护等方面提出基于环境防治和生物防控相结合的城市公园景观设计方法和措施,为建设无蚊型城市公园、促进园林康养、创建宜居城市环境提供理论依据和实践参考。

城区铁路沿线公园声景评价及设计策略——以京秦铁路北京中心城区段为例

铁路沿线城市空间通常被贴上遭受铁路运营车辆噪声污染大的标签而品质受损,实际上北京城区铁路沿线存在非常多的城市公园,这些公园的声景如何?文中以京秦铁路北京中心城区段沿线的公园为研究对象,通过定点测量结合随机问卷调查的方式,对其声环境进行实证研究,并分析影响其声景评价结果的因素。调查结果显示,大通滨河公园及郭家村绿地公园环境声压级超过规定的噪声限值,其声环境协调度和安静度也为负面评价。通过主客观数据分析,发现对于位于城市快速路和城市主干道附近的城市公园,城市交通噪声为影响公园声景主客观评价的主导声源。在安静的环境中,列车暴露噪声的好感度评价更加低。站场作业声、列车行驶声和汽车行驶声好感度评价的强度会受到其他因素不同程度上的影响,但其评价均为负面评价。人工声和生活声经常被认为是主导声,自然声感知频率较低。受访者行为会对声景满意度和协调度评价产生影响:安静休憩类的群体对于声环境的要求较其他类型的游客要求更高;而带孩子玩的群体对声环境的要求相对较低。并结合北京市城区京秦铁路沿线公园研究结论,提出铁路城区段沿线公园设计策略。

立体绿化在创建国家园林城市的构建模式研究——以达州市中心城区为例

为推动绿色发展,建设美丽达州,达州市启动创建国家森林城市工作。两年之后,再次提出中心城区创建国家园林城市、国家森林城市的目标,围绕达州中心城区创建国家园林城市,构建城市立体绿化体系策略研究。上海、深圳厦门等沿海城市的立体绿化起步早,形成了较为完整的支撑体系,上海经过世博会,使之立体绿化走在了世界的前列,立体绿化属低碳绿化,是城市建设节能、低碳、生态的好办法,是花钱少、见效快、效果好,受欢迎的未来城市建设的发展之路,符合资源节约型、环境友好型城市建设的发展方向。将立体绿化与传统文化元素融合,提出了具有实践参考的设计原则与设计方法,使现代城市绿化充分发挥自身文化价值,赋予城市绿化的文化功能,提升达州城市形象,增强文化认同感,为城市绿色发展方式的转变,城市可持续发展建设实施提供一定的理论支撑。构建城市景观人文与自然相协调的原则,突出城市特色,既显山露水,又延续历史文脉。项目设计实施有助于改变当前居民小区景观同质化、形式化的设计问题,同时也赋予城市空间立体绿化的文化表达功能,提升达州的城市品牌形象,为城市增添更丰富的绿色空间和文化交流场所。

考虑地域建筑特色偏好的城市主题公园景观规划设计

城市主题公园作为传承和促进城市文化发展的载体,其规划设计非常重要。基于当前城市主题公园景观规划设计中存在的不足,文章在考虑地域建筑特色偏好的基础上提出城市主题公园景观规划设计方法,并进行仿真实验。实验结果表明:该方法提取城市建筑屋顶轮廓较为精准,规划设计城市主题公园驳岸视线、指标以及防洪涝灾害效果均较好,具备较强的城市主题公园景观规划设计能力。