In this paper,we review and analyze intrusion detection systems for Agriculture 4.0 cyber security.Specifically,we present cyber security threats and evaluation metrics used in the performance evaluation of an intrusi...In this paper,we review and analyze intrusion detection systems for Agriculture 4.0 cyber security.Specifically,we present cyber security threats and evaluation metrics used in the performance evaluation of an intrusion detection system for Agriculture 4.0.Then,we evaluate intrusion detection systems according to emerging technologies,including,Cloud computing,Fog/Edge computing,Network virtualization,Autonomous tractors,Drones,Internet of Things,Industrial agriculture,and Smart Grids.Based on the machine learning technique used,we provide a comprehensive classification of intrusion detection systems in each emerging technology.Furthermore,we present public datasets,and the implementation frameworks applied in the performance evaluation of intrusion detection systems for Agriculture 4.0.Finally,we outline challenges and future research directions in cyber security intrusion detection for Agriculture 4.0.展开更多
By comparing China's import of major imported agriculture textile material( cotton and wool),the characteristics of import are concluded. On this basis,a restricted version of source differentiated almost ideal de...By comparing China's import of major imported agriculture textile material( cotton and wool),the characteristics of import are concluded. On this basis,a restricted version of source differentiated almost ideal demand system( RSDAIDS) is used to estimate the income and price elasticity of major imported agriculture textile material from the major sources based on the data from 1992 to 2015. The results are shown as follows.( 1) Although the dependency on imported cotton is lower than wool, the fluctuation of cotton import is much more drastic; China's demand for cotton is relatively price elastic with higher expenditure elasticity compared with wool; besides,the existence of complementarity is proved between imported cotton and wool.( 2) According to the import elasticity of cotton,demand for cotton imported from India shows priority over cotton from other sources; demand for cotton imported from America is the most price-sensitive one; substitution among cotton from different sources is weak.( 3) According to the import elasticity of wool,wool imported from Uruguay has bright market prospects. In addition,wool imported from Australia has irreplaceable advantage than that from New Zealand.展开更多
Farming is cultivating the soil,producing crops,and keeping livestock.The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in a country’s economic growth.This research proposes a two-stage machine learning framework for agri...Farming is cultivating the soil,producing crops,and keeping livestock.The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in a country’s economic growth.This research proposes a two-stage machine learning framework for agriculture to improve efficiency and increase crop yield.In the first stage,machine learning algorithms generate data for extensive and far-flung agricultural areas and forecast crops.The recommended crops are based on various factors such as weather conditions,soil analysis,and the amount of fertilizers and pesticides required.In the second stage,a transfer learningbased model for plant seedlings,pests,and plant leaf disease datasets is used to detect weeds,pesticides,and diseases in the crop.The proposed model achieved an average accuracy of 95%,97%,and 98% in plant seedlings,pests,and plant leaf disease detection,respectively.The system can help farmers pinpoint the precise measures required at the right time to increase yields.展开更多
目的评估注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的生存质量。方法采用横断面病例对照研究设计。病例组为73例ADHD儿童(ADHD组),正常对照组(对照组)为与ADHD组性别、年龄匹配的98例正常儿童。使用儿科生存质量测定量表(pediatric quality of life i...目的评估注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的生存质量。方法采用横断面病例对照研究设计。病例组为73例ADHD儿童(ADHD组),正常对照组(对照组)为与ADHD组性别、年龄匹配的98例正常儿童。使用儿科生存质量测定量表(pediatric quality of life inventoryTM version 4.0,PedsQLTM 4.0)中文版普适性核心量表、Conners父母问卷对儿童及其父母评估。结果调查的171个家庭中169个家庭完成问卷,应答率98.8%。ADHD儿童PedsQLTM 4.0中文版儿童评分总分(72.7±13.0)比对照组(83.7±12.0)低(t=-49.3,P=0.000),父母报告评分总分(70.0±12.4)比对照组(82.4±11.2)低(t=-57.7,P=0.000)。ADHD儿童心理领域分(儿童评分68.6±14.5,父母报告评分64.9±15.4)比生理领域分(儿童评分81.2±14.0,父母报告评分81.7±15.6)低(t=3.79、6.88,P=0.000)。ADHD儿童Conners父母问卷总分(44.54±17.89)高于对照组(16.09±9.23)(t=100.08,P=0.000)。ADHD儿童PedsQLTM 4.0中文版角色功能儿童自评评分与Conners父母问卷学习问题、多动指数、总分呈负相关(r=-0.650、-0.630、-0.599,P=0.000)。结论ADHD儿童生存质量较正常儿童差,品行、学习、冲动控制等问题与之有关。展开更多
基金supported in part by the Research Start-Up Fund for Talent Researcher of Nanjing Agricultural University(77H0603)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62072248)。
文摘In this paper,we review and analyze intrusion detection systems for Agriculture 4.0 cyber security.Specifically,we present cyber security threats and evaluation metrics used in the performance evaluation of an intrusion detection system for Agriculture 4.0.Then,we evaluate intrusion detection systems according to emerging technologies,including,Cloud computing,Fog/Edge computing,Network virtualization,Autonomous tractors,Drones,Internet of Things,Industrial agriculture,and Smart Grids.Based on the machine learning technique used,we provide a comprehensive classification of intrusion detection systems in each emerging technology.Furthermore,we present public datasets,and the implementation frameworks applied in the performance evaluation of intrusion detection systems for Agriculture 4.0.Finally,we outline challenges and future research directions in cyber security intrusion detection for Agriculture 4.0.
基金Industrial Research of National Wool and Csahmere Industry Technology System,China(No.CARS-40-20)
文摘By comparing China's import of major imported agriculture textile material( cotton and wool),the characteristics of import are concluded. On this basis,a restricted version of source differentiated almost ideal demand system( RSDAIDS) is used to estimate the income and price elasticity of major imported agriculture textile material from the major sources based on the data from 1992 to 2015. The results are shown as follows.( 1) Although the dependency on imported cotton is lower than wool, the fluctuation of cotton import is much more drastic; China's demand for cotton is relatively price elastic with higher expenditure elasticity compared with wool; besides,the existence of complementarity is proved between imported cotton and wool.( 2) According to the import elasticity of cotton,demand for cotton imported from India shows priority over cotton from other sources; demand for cotton imported from America is the most price-sensitive one; substitution among cotton from different sources is weak.( 3) According to the import elasticity of wool,wool imported from Uruguay has bright market prospects. In addition,wool imported from Australia has irreplaceable advantage than that from New Zealand.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71762010,62262019,62162025,61966013,12162012)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.823RC488,623RC481,620RC603,621QN241,620RC602,121RC536)+1 种基金the Haikou Science and Technology Plan Project of China(No.2022-016)the Project supported by the Education Department of Hainan Province,No.Hnky2021-23.
文摘Farming is cultivating the soil,producing crops,and keeping livestock.The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in a country’s economic growth.This research proposes a two-stage machine learning framework for agriculture to improve efficiency and increase crop yield.In the first stage,machine learning algorithms generate data for extensive and far-flung agricultural areas and forecast crops.The recommended crops are based on various factors such as weather conditions,soil analysis,and the amount of fertilizers and pesticides required.In the second stage,a transfer learningbased model for plant seedlings,pests,and plant leaf disease datasets is used to detect weeds,pesticides,and diseases in the crop.The proposed model achieved an average accuracy of 95%,97%,and 98% in plant seedlings,pests,and plant leaf disease detection,respectively.The system can help farmers pinpoint the precise measures required at the right time to increase yields.
文摘目的评估注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的生存质量。方法采用横断面病例对照研究设计。病例组为73例ADHD儿童(ADHD组),正常对照组(对照组)为与ADHD组性别、年龄匹配的98例正常儿童。使用儿科生存质量测定量表(pediatric quality of life inventoryTM version 4.0,PedsQLTM 4.0)中文版普适性核心量表、Conners父母问卷对儿童及其父母评估。结果调查的171个家庭中169个家庭完成问卷,应答率98.8%。ADHD儿童PedsQLTM 4.0中文版儿童评分总分(72.7±13.0)比对照组(83.7±12.0)低(t=-49.3,P=0.000),父母报告评分总分(70.0±12.4)比对照组(82.4±11.2)低(t=-57.7,P=0.000)。ADHD儿童心理领域分(儿童评分68.6±14.5,父母报告评分64.9±15.4)比生理领域分(儿童评分81.2±14.0,父母报告评分81.7±15.6)低(t=3.79、6.88,P=0.000)。ADHD儿童Conners父母问卷总分(44.54±17.89)高于对照组(16.09±9.23)(t=100.08,P=0.000)。ADHD儿童PedsQLTM 4.0中文版角色功能儿童自评评分与Conners父母问卷学习问题、多动指数、总分呈负相关(r=-0.650、-0.630、-0.599,P=0.000)。结论ADHD儿童生存质量较正常儿童差,品行、学习、冲动控制等问题与之有关。
