Thoughts on Present Situation of Development of Rural Animal Husbandry and Its Relationship with Construction of Ecological Agriculture and Revitalization of Rural Industry

After several rounds of phased ups and downs of development,rural animal husbandry finally presents a shrinking and depressed development situation under the comprehensive action of the failure of transformation and upgrading and the increasing production costs and breeding risks.Actively exploring and guiding the healthy and sound development of rural animal husbandry is not only an important measure to promote the construction of ecological agriculture,but also the main starting point to realize the revitalization of rural industry.This paper analyzes the present situation of the development of rural animal husbandry in recent years,the influence of animal husbandry on the construction of ecological agriculture and the revitalization of rural industry,and puts forward the corresponding measures,in order to promote the steady and efficient development of animal husbandry in the grand strategy of revitalizing rural industry.

Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Tibet Based on "Resource Saving and Environment Friendly"

During the ＂13th five-year＂ period,Tibet is building a well-off society in an all-round way and constructing a harmonious socialist new countryside. The pace of economic construction in the west is advanced step by step,and all kinds of economic construction subjects show obvious increasing trend. As one of the regions with rich agriculture and animal husbandry resources,it is inevitable to face the problems that wild resources are gradually consumed,and environmental pollution is severe in Tibet. While developing the economy,it must not damage the environment. To a certain extent,the resource and environment infrastructure is the material basis for economic development. With the gradual progress of economic construction,improvement of residents＇ living standards,and updating of consumption structure,it needs to build,produce and live in the environment of ＂ beautiful Tibet with clean water,blue sky and green＂. In this paper,based on resource-saving and environment-friendly angle,it sufficiently understands the importance and urgency of accelerating sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet from the global and strategic heights. It should accelerate Tibet agriculture and animal husbandry taking ＂ resource-saving and environment-friendly＂,put the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in an important historical development opportunity,and impel large economic development of plateau agriculture and animal husbandry.

Functions of Mulberry in the Development of Ecological Animal Husbandry and Development Ideas

Ecological animal husbandry is an animal husbandry industry system integrating ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. Breeding cycle is one of the main patterns of ecological animal husbandry development, but breeding cycle does not form a relatively closed cycle of endogenous resources. In recent years, forage value and ecological value of mulberry have made some progresses in different research areas and angles, but the thought and practice of both forage and ecological value of mulberry has not been systematically interpreted and researched. Based on the short board of animal husbandry development and the advan- tage of mulberry, animal husbandry and mulberry were complemented and fused, and relatively closed planting and raising ecological recycling pattern with mulberry as the axis was raised. Phased scientific research and production test data were obtained, and the problems and development suggestions were put forward in the following aspects ： selection of mulberry varieties with both forage and ecological value, cost control of mulberry with both forage and ecological value, quality and safety control system of forage mulberry, orientation of feeding value of forage mulberry.

Succession and Enhancement Mechanism of Ecosystem Productivity in the De-farming Area of the Ecotone Between Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in North China

The succession and enhancement mechanism of the ecosystem productivity with the characteristics ot de-tarmlng in me ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in North China was discussed in order to provide an ideaology or a technical basis for maintaining the impetus of ecological restoration and economic development in this region. A case study was applied in combination with the theoretical analysis. The results indicated that the biomass productivity of the de-farming subsystem decreased by 38.4-72.3% compared with that of farming subsystem in the ecosystem. The main function of de-farming subsystem was focused on ecological productivity, it caused the ideal beneficial recycling ‘defarming → planting grass → raising animals → earn money＇ difficult to be realized. With the differentiation of de-farming subsystem, the natural and social resources input to the farming subsystem were accumulated. This laid a basis for the new attributes of economic productivity to be upgraded. The case study indicated that the economic productivity of the ecosystem was increased by 8.85-13.35 times due to re-coupling between the de-farming subsystem and the farming subsystem as well as coupling between microhabitat differentiation and crop production in the subsystems, where the microhabitat differentiation could enrich water and fertilizer in the same field. It was concluded that the important mechanisms to enhance the system productivity in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry of North China included structure rebuilding and opening of the de-farming ecosystem and taking the advantage of complementary cooperative production among different regions under the market economy and rebuilding an open agro-pasture production structure,

生态旅游助推畜牧养殖业的融合发展研究

面对生态环境保护的客观要求,如何开发乡村资源,持续开展畜禽粪污治理,成为畜牧养殖业需要解决的现实问题,而生态旅游的出现为畜牧养殖的绿色转型提供了良好契机。特别是随着市场需求的多元化发展,无论是传统旅游业,还是传统畜牧养殖业都面临着产能过剩、供求不平衡、资源环境制约等现实问题。因此,本文从生态旅游和畜牧养殖业的融合发展价值入手,深入研究了两者的融合发展路径,力求通过资源共享、优势互补、产业延伸等方式,真正把生态旅游和畜牧养殖打造成支柱产业,以生态畜牧旅游推动农业农村经济的高质量发展。

内蒙古生态农牧业生产经营存在问题及对策分析

内蒙古自治区是我国北方重要的生态安全屏障,持续加强生态农牧业转型升级,大力推进“三北”等重点生态工程建设是我区畜牧业面临的重要问题。本文主要阐述了内蒙古生态农牧业发展现状及存在问题,并提出了相关对策建议。

农业强国视域下畜牧生态经济高质量发展路径研究

农业强国背景下,畜牧生态经济肩负着实现农业现代化、改善农民生活和提高国民经济发展水平的重要使命。畜牧生态经济高质量发展,不仅是实现经济高质量发展的内生动力,也是满足人民对美好生活需求的关键所在,更是加速生态文明建设进程的重大举措。因此,在推进畜牧生态经济高质量发展过程中,应全面布局,提倡可持续农业生产模式;建立循环机制,巩固畜牧生产保供基础;使用数字赋能,加快农业科技推广应用;加强创新驱动,为畜牧生态经济提供动能,从而进一步推动农业现代化建设。

《家畜生态与环境控制》研究生课程思政建设

课程思政着眼于专业课学习领域的思政教育渗透,有助于畜牧学科高端人才培养。该文分析研究生群体独特的学情信息和畜牧学科的学科特点,提出畜牧学科研究生课程思政建设的闭环设计的要求,以此为基础在《家畜生态与环境控制》课程中挖掘德育资源。从行业情怀引导、人文精神塑造、科学精神培养3方面构建课程思政完整体系,可以给畜牧学科研究生课程思政改革实践提供实践路径,解决研究生成长中内部冲突矛盾,实现畜牧学科研究生培养的内涵式发展。

民达煤矿生态矿山建设具体实践

简要介绍了鄂尔多斯市民达煤业有限责任公司(以下简称“民达煤矿”)的生态地貌气候特征,阐述了民达煤矿露天开采排土场生态修复治理、绿色智能矿山建设、发展循环经济、打造生态旅游业的具体实践。民达煤矿坚持绿色发展,2020年以来总计完成复垦绿化面积达1000 ha。民达煤矿坚持创新驱动,采用干式捕尘凿岩机进行钻孔作业实现了作业场所降尘,有效提高了一线工人的职业健康水平;采用大型化自动化液压铲装设备及自卸式矿车进行露天煤矿铲装作业,实现了企业的节能增效。同时,民达煤矿充分利用复垦绿化区域和矿区空置土地,建起现代生态农业园区,闲置土地得到二次经济利用,实现了生态产业的闭路循环。

我国生态畜牧业产业化的理念及其经营方式

比较了原始牧业、传统畜牧业、工厂化畜牧业和生态畜牧业的特点 ,认为发展生态畜牧业是畜牧业产业化的最佳选择。生态畜牧业产业化有利于提高畜牧业生产效益 ,提高畜产品质量 ,增强我国畜产品在国际市场的竞争力 ,有利于环境保护和促进畜牧业持续发展。季节性生态畜牧业、现代草地生态畜牧业、工厂化生态畜牧业、现代农牧结合型生态畜牧业、现代绿色养畜生态畜牧业是生态畜牧业产业化经营的主要方式。

中国北方农牧交错带土地利用与人口负荷研究

在综述了前人对农牧交错带的认识后，给出中国北方农牧交错带的概念和区域界线；认为土地利用结构的农牧交错性是地带性与非地带性双重影响的结果，其空间格局有６种区域组合类型；随着人口负荷的加大，调整土地利用结构是保证这一地带生态安全与粮食安全的基本出路。

养殖业的农业伦理学之度

作为大农业的组成部分,以牧养(包括草原放牧和农区饲养)文化为主导的畜牧业,在漫长的历史发展过程中,也尽显了"帅天地之度以定取予"的农业伦理学特质,从"时宜性"、"地宜性"和"尽地力"3个维度反映了农业伦理学之度。但是,在当前草原牧区超载过牧、农区养殖带来的面源污染日趋严重的现状下,如何继承和发扬畜牧业的伦理学思想,促进畜牧业生产和生态环境保护协调发展,是关系畜牧业伦理学容量扩增的重要命题。本文在全面梳理中国传统畜牧业伦理观的基础上,提出生态畜牧业是促进畜牧业可持续生产、保护生态环境、实现畜牧业伦理学容量扩增的有效途径。

东北农牧交错带土地利用生态安全模式案例研究

Zhenlai county in Jilin Province is taken as a typical area to explore the universal land use pattern under ecological security in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Northeastern China. Remote sensing data, relative thematic maps and corresponding social-economical statisitical and planning data were collected, and grey linear programming (GLP) model, together with the synthetic index estimating method was applied to develop an optimal land use model to evaluate the ecological security and analyze decision. The land use structure and optimal spatial allocation pattern of Zhenlai county in the year of 2010 regarded as a land use pattern under ecological security were simulated out by the mathematical models applied.

西藏农牧业生态环境现状与可持续发展对策

从草地退化、土地沙化、土壤侵蚀、鼠虫害、地质灾害等方面阐述了西藏农牧业发展面临的生态环境问题,分析其形成原因,提出了西藏实现农牧业可持续发展的途径和对策。

沽源县未利用地生态重要性空间识别及其地形梯度特征分析

未利用地作为重要的后备土地资源与生态系统的一部分,不仅在缓解土地供需矛盾中发挥着重要作用,同时还为生态系统稳定提供着强有力的支撑。本文以地处农牧交错带的河北省沽源县为例,根据其生态状况,从灾害防护、生境与水资源防护、人类干扰3方面选取指标,构建了沽源县未利用地生态重要性空间识别指标体系,结合GIS空间分析功能,对沽源县未利用地的生态重要性进行空间识别,将其划分为4个级别：极重要、重要、较重要、一般重要。并根据沽源县地形特点进行地形梯度的划分,划分出4级高程梯度带和4级坡度梯度带,以分析沽源县未利用地的地形梯度分布特征。结果表明,沽源县生态重要性为极重要、重要、较重要、一般重要的未利用地面积分别为11 082.78 hm2、11 209.05 hm2、11 450.25 hm2和4 803.12 hm2,分别占研究区未利用地总面积的28.75%、29.08%、29.71%和12.46%,生态重要性等级为一般重要的未利用地较少。从地形梯度角度分析,沽源县未利用地主要分布在1 400~1 600 m高程梯度带以及0°~5°和5°~15°两个坡度梯度带;生态极重要未利用地主要分布在1 400~1 600 m和1 600~1 800 m两个高程梯度带以及5°~15°坡度梯度带;随着高程与坡度的增加,各地形梯度带生态重要性等级为极重要的未利用地的比重变大,由最初的11.31%和13.86%提升到97.95%和93.64%。研究结果可以为沽源县未利用地开发利用与生态保护提供数据支撑和科学依据。

长城沿线农牧交错带生态环境恢复重建SD模型研究

应用系统动力学理论研究建立了长城沿线农牧交错带生态环境恢复与重建SD模型 ,并应用该模型对该区强化治理型、协调发展型和传统经营型 3种典型治理模式进行仿真研究结果表明 ,强化治理模式为农牧交错带生态环境治理最佳模式 ,可使农林牧协调持续发展 ,土壤侵蚀量减少 76 .1% ,生态环境趋向良性循环。

畜牧业对江河源区生态环境演变的影响机理研究

草地畜牧业是江河源区主要的生产方式,也是人类生产活动影响这一地区生态环境演变的主要方式,在系统回顾和总结江河源区畜牧业经济发展的历史过程的基础上,提出畜牧业对环境的作用主要取决于游牧空间、畜群数量、畜群结构、草地的自我恢复能力,建立江河源区草地畜牧业对其生态环境演变作用的机理模型,利用该模型对畜牧业发展过程中出现的游牧和固定放牧2种模式对区域生态环境的演变进行了定性分析。

论华北农牧交错区退耕区域生态系统生产力的演替与增进机制

【目的】讨论华北农牧交错区以退耕为特征的生态系统生产力的演替与增进机制,为区域保持持久生态恢复和经济发展的动力提供思路和技术依据。【方法】采用实证研究和理论分析相结合的方法。【结果】在退耕后的生态系统中,退耕子系统的生物生产力比农作子系统降低38.34%～72.3%,其主要功能应偏重社会性的资源环境生产力,使理想中的"退耕-还草-养畜-赚钱"的良性循环难以实现。伴随退耕子系统的分化,农作子系统在自然与社会资源等方面汇集叠加,为退耕区域生态系统启动经济生产力新属性的阶跃奠定了基础。实证研究表明,通过退耕子系统与农作子系统的再度耦合,以及通过同田块创造以水肥为中心的微域生境分化与作物生产耦合,可使系统经济生产力提高8.85～13.35倍。【结论】退耕后生态系统的结构重建与开放运行,发挥市场经济下区域间互补性合作生产优势、建立开放式农牧生产结构,是华北农牧交错区系统生产力增进的重要机制。

西藏地区高校实验室危险废弃物管理现状及对策

实验室危险废弃物管理是高校安全管理和环境保护的重要内容,西藏地区由于生态环境的脆弱性和敏感性,其高校实验室危险废弃物的管理应该更加严格、更加规范。现以西藏农牧学院为例对西藏地区高校实验室危险废弃物的管理现状进行了调查,发现西藏地区高校实验室的危险废弃物管理存在管理体系不够完善、教育培训有待加强、收集处置亟须规范等问题。通过对调查数据进行研究分析,从完善管理体系、加强教育培训、细化分类标准、强化校企协作4个方面提出对策建议,以期进一步保护西藏地区的生态环境,为提升西藏地区高校实验室危险废弃物的管理水平提供借鉴。

农牧交错带研究中的现代生态学前沿问题

在回顾了我国农牧交错带的定义、起源、历史变迁及生态景观的独特性及在农业上的重要地位后，初步总结了在此带内几十年来的治理和研究的经验教训。其主要问题是支撑性基础研究不足以及缺乏跨学科的综合与合成。针对国际上现代生态学的动向和研究前沿，提出了加强农牧交错带基础性研究的４个领域，并对新的研究方法进行了刍议。