A discussion on producing agro-residue composites with isocyanate resins

With the urgent shortage of forest resource in China, using agro-residues as raw materials of composite become increasingly important. Agro-residue is the most potential fiber resource, which is helpful to sustainable development of composite industries in China. Based on a great deal of researches, this paper summarized and discussed some problems in using agro-residues as raw materials of composites, including raw material preparation, hot-pressing, bonding technology, preventing composite from going moldy. It is proposed that to manufacture the composite of rice straws or wheat straws, the isocayante resin is a suitable adhesive, and the appropriate technologies, bonding, and treatment measures are also needed.

Thermostable alkaline protease production from Bacillus pumilus D-6 by using agro-residues as substrates

Proteases due to their wide range of applications in biotechnological processes have been the??focus of intense research for many decades. However, from industrial?application view point most of the available proteases lack desired properties;?therefore, search for better and efficient thermostable alkaline proteases are?always on.?Bacillus pumilus?D-6, isolated from dairy plant soil sample, in the?current study produced protease which showed activity and stability at high?alkaline?pH (8 - 12) and high?temperatures (70。C- 100。C). Enzyme activity remained unfazed even in presence?of inhibitors like Pb2+and Hg2+which are considered?universal inhibitors of enzyme activity. Besides, the organism successfully?utilized crude agriculture based substrates as carbon and nitrogen source and?produced substantial enzyme titre.

Study on the Cultivation of <i>Agaricus blazei</i>(Almond Mushroom) Grown on Compost Mixed with Selected Agro-Residues

The Agaricus blazei strain (KUMB 1221) from Forest Production Control Laboratory, Kyushu University was grown on the basal media of compost mixed with selected agro-residues (sawdust, woodchips and corncob) in the ratio of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (by weight). The data was collected on the colony diameter of mycelial growth, days required for spawn run (colonization), days required for primordial formation, whiteness measurement, days required for fruit body formation, number, size and fresh weight of mushrooms, biological efficiency (BE) and mushroom production (MP). It was observed that the mycelial growth showed two types of mycelia according the level of mycelial density;compact (C) and somewhat compact (SC). The fastest spawn run (17 days) was found in woodchips (50%) among all the different treatments while the least spawn run took 26 days in corncob (75%). Sawdust substrates promoted longer days for primordial formation and fruit body development, if compared with woodchips substrates and corncob substrates. With regard to yield, 100%, 75% and 50% mixture with compost were superior to 25% mixture with compost in each group of selected agro-residues and it indicated that adding more compost gave the increased yield. Interestingly, it was noted that mushroom size on compost (100%) was double to the mushroom size of other treatments. In conclusion, it was clearly showed that compost (100%), woodchips (25%) and corncob (25%) could produce better yields among all treatments, and it was also possible to obtain acceptable yields of good quality almond mushroom using main substrates of compost mixed with different agro-residues at various concentrations.

Availability,sustainability and accessibility of agro crop residue production and solar radiation in Egypt for producing highly chemical products through pyrolysis processes

This study examines the large amount of agricultural waste produced in Egypt between 2010 and 2019 by analysing data from various departments within the Agriculture Ministry.It also provides a comprehensive database on the biomass available from agricultural waste in Egypt and its potential applications for producing power,heat and chemical products.When biomass-pyrolysis systems powered by solar energy are used,research demonstrates the potential to convert agricultural waste into a variety of chemical compounds.This approach utilizes solar energy,a clean and renewable source,and has wide-ranging industrial and power generation applications.Despite Egypt’s reliance on agriculture,the country currently utilizes little biomass for energy production and has not previously used it as a source for creating chemical products,which could potentially save on the imported oil used in these industries.The findings of the study are graphically presented using histograms,pie charts,etc.The overall production of residues reached the 30-Mt level in 2019.Because it contains the most rice-cultivated land,Dakahlia(Lower Egypt region)produces the highest percentage of the total residue(37.17%).Qena governorate(Upper Egypt region)produces 1.14 metric tons of residues,with sugarcane accounting for 20.3%of the total.

Biomass-glycerol briquettes are not necessarily mechanically stable and energetically effective

The re-use of glycerol from biodiesel industry as an alternative lubricant for making high-performance briquettes is usual.However,the technical performance of this agro-industrial residue is not consistent.This study outlines,accordingly,the real risk of introducing glycerol into the co-briquetting of highly caloric by-products of energy-crops.The production of hybrid briquettes consisted of pressing mixtures of residues of sugarcane and sorghum with the liquid additive at 10,20,and 30 wt.%in bench-scale hydraulic piston presser machine.Irrespective of the blend,briquettes containing the supplement at the highest level as part of their composition ended up being much more hygroscopic(20.10%)and less energetic(3.15 GJ m^(−3)).The explanation for the negative impact of glycerol on the thermomechanical behavior of briquettes would be overconcen-tration of additive capable of effectively defying compacting biomass.The degree of compaction during co-briquetting has likely gone down quickly with a maximizing level of glycerol.As long as the additive is not able to lubricate the feedstock suitably,improbability of biomass particles to successfully bond together to form themselves into mechanically stable and energetically effective briquettes is large.Besides lower density(273.80 kg m^(−3))and higher relaxation(22.75%),briquettes with glycerol at 30 wt.%generally were aesthetically unpleasing.Practically,these products resisted no longer to handling,transportation,and storage.They lost their shape easily during emptying and shifting them,thus,releasing larger quanti-ties of biomass to the environment.Preliminary evidence of high-viscosity glycerol capable of limiting safe and effective production of high-performance briquettes for heating and power exists.