Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)is the most important plant producing natural fibers for the textile industry.In this study,we first investigated the phenotypic variation of seven agronomic traits of 273 diverse cott...Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)is the most important plant producing natural fibers for the textile industry.In this study,we first investigated the phenotypic variation of seven agronomic traits of 273 diverse cotton accessions in the years 2017 and 2018,which were from 18 geographical regions.We found large variations among the traits in different geographical regions and only half of the traits in either years 2017 or 2018 followed a normal distribution.We then genotyped the collection with 81,612 high quality SNPs.Phylogenetic tree and population structure revealed a diverse genetic structure of the core collection,and geographical diversification was an important factor,but account for part of the variances of genetic diversification.We then performed genome-wide association study for the seven traits in the years 2017 and 2018,and the average values of each trait in the two years,respectively.We identified a total of 19 significant marker-trait associations and found that Pollen Ole e 1 allergen/extension could be the candidate gene associated with the fall-off cotton bolls from the last three branches.In addition,large variations were observed for the heritability of traits in the years 2017 and 2018.These results provide new potential candidate genes for further functional validation,which could be useful for genetic improvement and breeding of new cotton cultivars with better agronomic performances.展开更多
[Objective] The present study was conducted to provide basis for researches on breeding new wheat varieties and conserving rare species in Yunnan Province.[Method] 29 materials of Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King...[Objective] The present study was conducted to provide basis for researches on breeding new wheat varieties and conserving rare species in Yunnan Province.[Method] 29 materials of Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King(Yunnan Hulled Wheat)were taken for the research on classification and genetic diversity analysis based on 14 agronomic traits.[Result] Yunnan hulled wheat A14 could be an unnamed white seed variety,and other 28 materials were divided into 10 named mutation types;Yunnan hulled wheat was rich in variability of agronomic traits,in which the coefficient of variance(CV)of sterile spikelet number was the largest(22.59%),while the CV of earing period was the lowest(3.71%);the diversity indexes of seven qualitative characters ranged from 1.55-2.04.Moreover,the 29 Yunnan hulled wheat could be divided into 3 clusters by the UPGMA analysis.However,Yunnan hulled wheat varieties originating from similar mutation types did not completely cluster together.The genetic relationship was relatively close among A13(YT-35),A14(YT-36)and A21(YT-37),but the faster genetic relationship was observed between them and other Yunnan hulled wheat varieties.[Conclusion] Yunnan hulled wheat had an extensive genetic diversity in agronomic traits.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to utilize and estimate Erianthus arundinaceum resources and to develop their elite traits. [Method] Phenotypic traits and genetic diversity were evaluated based on 5 quantitative ...[Objective] This study was conducted to utilize and estimate Erianthus arundinaceum resources and to develop their elite traits. [Method] Phenotypic traits and genetic diversity were evaluated based on 5 quantitative traits and 21 qualitative traits of 162 accessions of Erianthus arundinaceum collected from nine provinces in China (74 in Yunnan, 15 in Fujian, 19 in Guizhou, 18 in Hainan, 14 in Sichuan, 10 in Jiangxi, 4 in Guangdong, 4 in Guangxi and 4 in Zhejiang). [Result] The Shannon-Wiener indices of qualitative traits among the E. arundinaceum populations from different provinces were generally low. The accessions from Fujian exhibited the highest genetic diversity index (0.762 4), while those from Guangxi showed the lowest one (0.294 2). There were great genetic variances in quantitative traits, with mean variation coefficients ranging from 14.95% to 32.15%. The accessions from Yunnan showed the highest variation coefficient (32.15%) and those from Guangxi showed the lowest one (14.95%). Brix exhibited extremely significant nega- tive correlation with altitude and plant height showed extremely significant negative correlation with latitude. Coefficients of genetic divergence indicated that a high proportion of total genetic variation was retained within the populations from different regions, and the high gene flow showed that there were active genetic exchanges among these populations, suggesting no significant genetic divergence among these populations. According to genetic distance and UPGMA, there was a certain correlation between genetic distance and different sampling regions of E. arundinaceum. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical references for resource collection , het- erosis application and development of excellent genes of sugarcane germplasm.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to elucidate the changes of agronomical traits of indica hybrid rice during its genetic improvement.[Method]23 typical indica hybrid combinations cultivated in the middle and lower reaches of Ya...[Objective]The aim was to elucidate the changes of agronomical traits of indica hybrid rice during its genetic improvement.[Method]23 typical indica hybrid combinations cultivated in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River during the last 30 years were selected as experimental materials.All the hybrid rice combinations were grown in the same field;and then yield and morphological characters of single plant were compared;correlation and path analyses among agronomic characteristics were also conducted.[Result]During the 30 years of genetic improvement,the effective panicle number per plant was progressively decreased,which caused the decrease of grain yield and biomass per plant of hybrid rice combinations in spite of the slightly increased plant height,1 000-grain weight and number of grains per panicle.Although the transformation percentage of the matter in stem and sheath decreased after flowering,leave photosynthetic capacity after flowering was increased as panicle weight.Correlation and path analysis showed that although both biomass per plant and number of grains per panicle were significantly correlated with grain yield per plant,biomass per plant acted as the key factor affecting yield per plant.[Conclusion]It was suggested that in rice high yield cultivation,panicle number was as important as large panicle,and tillering ability should not be neglected in breeding.展开更多
Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. and S. delavayi Franchet are among the most valuable species in the genus Sapindus for their commercially exploitable plant oils and chemicals. However, few studies have addressed genetic va...Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. and S. delavayi Franchet are among the most valuable species in the genus Sapindus for their commercially exploitable plant oils and chemicals. However, few studies have addressed genetic variation and improvement for either species. We evaluated the genetic diversity of germplasm from selected plus trees within a wide region and established the relationship between fruit traits and molecular markers. An association analysis based on inter-simple sequence repeats(ISSRs)provided a genetic basis for studies of fruit traits. A total of 247 loci were detected by scanning 61 trees of S. mukorossi and S. delavayi using 16 ISSR markers. Genetic diversity parameters were estimated for selected superior trees(or germplasm) and S. mukorossi and S. delavayi were categorized into two main groups, as well as into four groups within S. mukorossi. An association analysis between the ISSR markers and 14 fruit traits used the TASSEL MLM model. A genetic structure analysis differentiated S.mukorossi and S. delavayi. Eighteen ISSR loci associated with 13 fruit traits(P<0.005) were identified, with 13, 1,and 4 loci associated with seed oil production, fruit saponin production, and fruit quality, respectively. Using this information, a core collection was selected with adequate genetic diversity and good seed oil characters. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of effectively estimating fruit trait associations in Sapindus using ISSR markers, and the method is applicable and valuable for select germplasm conservation. The markers obtained in this study are potentially useful for molecular-assisted breeding of Sapindus spp.展开更多
Germplasm resources are an important basis for genetic breeding and analysis of complex traits,and research on genetic diversity is conducive to the exploration and creation of new types of germplasm.In this study,the...Germplasm resources are an important basis for genetic breeding and analysis of complex traits,and research on genetic diversity is conducive to the exploration and creation of new types of germplasm.In this study,the distribution frequency,coefficient of variation,Shannon-Wiener index,and variance and cluster analyses were used to analyze the diversity and trait differences of 39 fruit phenotypic traits from 570 pear accessions,which included 456 pear accessions from 11 species and 114 interspecific hybrid cultivars that had been stored in the National Germplasm Repository of Apple and Pear(Xingcheng,China).The comprehensive evaluation indices were screened by correlation,principal component and regression analyses.A total of 132 variant types were detected in 28 categorical traits of pear germplasm fruit,which indicate a rich diversity.The diversity indices in decreasing order were:fruit shape(1.949),attitude of calyx(1.908),flesh texture type(1.700),persistency of calyx(1.681),russet location(1.658),relief of area around eye basin(1.644),flavor(1.610)and ground color(1.592).The coefficient of variation of titratable acidity in the 11 numerical traits of pear germplasm fruit was as high as 128.43%,which could more effectively reflect the differences between pear accessions.The phenotypic differentiation coefficient V_(st)(66.4%)among the five cultivated pear species,including Pyrus bretschneideri(White Pear),P.pyrifolia(Sand Pear),P.ussuriensis(Ussurian Pear),P.sinkiangensis(Xinjiang Pear),and P.communis(European Pear),was higher than the within population phenotypic differentiation coefficient V_(st)(33.6%).The variation among populations was the main source of variation in pear fruit traits.A hierarchical cluster analysis divided the 389 accessions of six cultivated pear species,including P.pashia(Himalayan Pear),into six categories.There were certain characteristics within the populations,and the differences between populations were not completely clustered by region.For example,Sand Pear cultivars from Japan and the Korean Peninsula clustered together with those from China.Most of the White Pear cultivars clustered with the Sand Pear,and a few clustered with the Ussurian Pear cultivars.The Ussurian Pear and European Pear cultivars clustered separately.The Xinjiang Pear and Himalayan Pear did not cluster together,and neither did the cultivars.Seventeen traits,three describing fruit weight and edible rate(fruit diameter,fruit length and fruit core size),five describing outer quality and morphological characteristics(over color,amount of russeting,dot obviousness,fruit shape,and stalk length),and nine describing inner quality(flesh color,juiciness of flesh,aroma,flavor,flesh texture,flesh texture type,soluble solid contents,titratable acidity,and eating quality)were selected from the 39 traits by principal component and stepwise regression analyses.These 17 traits could reflect 99.3%of the total variation and can be used as a comprehensive evaluation index for pear germplasm resources.展开更多
The genetic diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China was studied by using cluster analysis of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Forty-one ...The genetic diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China was studied by using cluster analysis of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Forty-one entries were assigned into two clusters (i.e. early or medium-maturing cluster; medium or late-maturing cluster) and further assigned into six sub-clusters based on morphological trait cluster analysis, The early or medium-maturing cluster was composed of 15 maintainer lines, four early-maturing restorer lines and two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, and the medium or late-maturing cluster included 16 restorer lines and 4 medium or late-maturing maintainer lines. Moreover, the SSR cluster analysis classified 41 entries into two groups (i.e, maintainer line group and restorer line group) and seven sub-groups. The maintainer line group consisted of all 19 maintainer lines, two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, while the restorer line group was composed of all 20 restorer lines. The SSR analysis fitted better with the pedigree information. From the views on hybrid rice breeding, the results suggested that SSR analysis might be a better method to study the diversity of parental lines in indica hybrid rice.展开更多
A total of 398 chili pepper germplasms were used as test materials and genetic diversity and correlation analysis were performed on 17 botanical traits. The results of diversity analysis showed that the diversity inde...A total of 398 chili pepper germplasms were used as test materials and genetic diversity and correlation analysis were performed on 17 botanical traits. The results of diversity analysis showed that the diversity indexes of the 17 botanical traits ranged from 0.15 to 5.97 with the average value of 4.12. The data distributions of 11 quantitative traits were more dispersed than qualitative traits. The average value of eoefficient of variation was 36.90% and the variation ranges were one to six times larger than the average value. The results of correlation analysis showed that plant height had significantly positive correlations with plant breadth, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, the frrst flower node and carpopodium length. The In'st flower node was significantly negatively correlated with fruit length, fruit width, flesh thickness and weight per fruit and signifieantly positively correlated with plant height and plant breadth. The flesh thickness was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width and carpopodium length. The weight per fruit was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width, carpopodium length and flesh thickness. Materials with low first flower node, moderate plant height and width and large fruit should be selected for the breeding of early-maturing and high-yield chili pepper varieties. The genetic distances between chili pepper traits were calculated based on the genotypic values of the 11 quantitative traits. The genetic distances between different traits ranged from 14.26 to 32.99. The 11 quantitative traits were divided into seven groups when the rescaled distance was ten, which further clarified the relationships between different traits. The research results laid a solid foundation for the new variety breeding of chili pepper.展开更多
Analysis of differentiation (genetic diversity and related relationships) among 22 landrace (Ficus carica L. sativa) and 2 wild form (F. carica L. caprificus) accessions of fig growing under the same environmental con...Analysis of differentiation (genetic diversity and related relationships) among 22 landrace (Ficus carica L. sativa) and 2 wild form (F. carica L. caprificus) accessions of fig growing under the same environmental conditions in the Palestinian Fig Collection, Til, Nablus, Palestine, using PCR-based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pomological markers, revealed considerable genetic diversity. The phenotypic analysis shows that pomological traits were permitted to evaluate morphological variability of fig landraces. The Jaccard similarity coefficient between landraces was determined by cluster analysis using the UPGMA method. Based on the genetic relationships among genotypes as illustrated by the dendrograms, generated from pomological and RAPD data by UPGMA clustering method, the following 12 genotypes: Qaisi, Mwazi, Barqawi, Inaqi, Swadi, Kharobi, Hmadibiadi, Sfari, Khdari, Biadi, Qrawi, and Slati, may be considered as distinct landraces. The remaining genotypes may be considered as synonymous (4) (Hmadi and Hmari, and Ajloni and Adloni), or closely related (6) landraces (Zraqi and Ghzali, Blati and Neami, and Qraee and Khurtmani). The wild fig forms clustered together and may be considered as distinct genotypes. Clustering patterns obtained from the combined (pomological and RAPD) markers had higher discriminatory power to discriminate fig landraces than using either pomological or RAPD markers alone. These results proved the importance of both pomological and RAPD markers to elucidate in part denomination problems and relationships among cultivars. Wide phenotypic and molecular diversity found in fig germplasm indicates a considerable potential for improving this crop.展开更多
[ Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and ex- plore excellent germplasm resources, aiming at providing scien...[ Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and ex- plore excellent germplasm resources, aiming at providing scientific basis for analysis of genetic relationships between different peony cultivars and germplasm innova- tion. [ Method ] Flower color, flower type, plant height, plant width, flower diameter, leaf length, leaf width, plant type and leaf type of 22 peony cultivars were surveyed. The genetic distances between peony cuhivars were calculated with Euclidean distance method. The genetic diversity of 22 peony cultivars was analyzed by UPGMA cluster analysis. [ Result] Based on the overall average of total genetic distance, UPGMA cluster analysis results were classified. Thus, 22 peony culti- vars were divided into five categories. Category [ consisted of Yinhongqiaodui, Jizhuahong, Babaoxiang, Chongloudiancui, Congzhongxiao, Weizi, Yanlongzi and Qiejiazi ; category II consisted of Huhong; category III consisted of Xiaohuhong, Baiyulan, Yingsuhong, Fengdan, Dajinfeng, Jingyu, Panzhongquguo, Qingshan- guanxue, Mojiatrrong, Dahongyipin and Lanhuakui; category IV consisted of Haihuang; category V consisted of Sihelian. The classification results were consistent with pedigree analysis. Peony cuhivars with unknown pedigree were assigned to corresponding heterosis group. [ Conclusion] The diversity analysis of morphologi- cal traits is an effective method for investigating genetic differences between different cultivars, which may lay the theoretic foundation for breeding, industrial devel- opment and application of new peony cultivars.展开更多
Since seed and maternal plant are in different generations,the grain milling traits and plant agronomic traits of rice are based on differentgenetic models.Using the genetic modelswhich could estimate covariance compo...Since seed and maternal plant are in different generations,the grain milling traits and plant agronomic traits of rice are based on differentgenetic models.Using the genetic modelswhich could estimate covariance componentsbetween two traits with unequal design matri-ces,we analyzed the gentic relationships be-展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to provide reference for research on radiation and breeding of cotton pollen through irradiating common ripe pollen grain of upland cotton by 60Co-γ Ray of varied doses. [Method] Ripe pollen g...[Objective] The aim was to provide reference for research on radiation and breeding of cotton pollen through irradiating common ripe pollen grain of upland cotton by 60Co-γ Ray of varied doses. [Method] Ripe pollen grains of upland cotton were irradiated by 60Co-γ Ray with doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy, respectively, to learn radiation effect and select appropriate dose. [Result] Most properties of M1 obviously showed variation when dose was over 10 Gy; vitality, growth, and fertility were greatly inhibited when dose was 15 Gy which was almost semi-lethal concentration, and variation species were richest at the same time, which provided materi- als for practical breeding. [Conclusion] 60Co-γ Ray of 15 Gy is more suitable for mutagenesis research on ripe pollen grains of upland cotton.展开更多
Aegiliops tauschii is classified into two subspecies: Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii and Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata. Novel genetic variations exist in Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii that can be utilized in wheat improveme...Aegiliops tauschii is classified into two subspecies: Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii and Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata. Novel genetic variations exist in Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii that can be utilized in wheat improvement. We synthesized a hexaploid wheat genotype(SHW-L1) by crossing an Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii accession(AS60) with a tetraploid wheat genotype(AS2255). A population consisting of 171 F8 recombinant inbred lines was developed from SHW-L1 and Chuanmai 32 to identify QTLs associated with agronomic traits. A new genetic map with high density was constructed and used to detect the QTLs for heading date, kernel width, spike length, spikelet number, and thousand kernel weight. A total of 30 putative QTLs were identified for five investigated traits. Thirteen QTLs were located on D genomes of SHW-L1, six of them showed positive effect on agronomic traits. Chromosome region flanked by wPt-6133–wPt-8134 on 2D carried five environment-independent QTLs. Each QTL accounted for more than 10% phenotypic variance. These QTLs were highly consistent across environments and should be used in wheat breeding.展开更多
The wild hawthorn species, Crataegus songorica K. Koch., is an important wild germplasm resource in Xinjiang, China that has been endangered in recent years. The genetic diversity of C. songorica K. Koch. germplasm in...The wild hawthorn species, Crataegus songorica K. Koch., is an important wild germplasm resource in Xinjiang, China that has been endangered in recent years. The genetic diversity of C. songorica K. Koch. germplasm in five populations from Daxigou, Xinjiang, China were evaluated based on phenotypic traits and ISSR molecular markers to provide basic infor- mation on resource protection, rational utilization and genetic improvement. The F-value for the phenotypic differentiation coefficient of the 33 traits measured ranged from 0.266 to 15.128, and mean value was 13.85%. The variation among populations was found to be lower than that within population. A total of 303 loci were detected within the five populations by 12 primers. Within 298,polymorphic loci, the polymorphism was 98.35%, showing a high genetic diversity in C. songorica K. Koch. The gene diversity within population, total population genetic diversity, genetic differentiation coefficient and gene flow were 0.2779, 0.3235, 0.1408, and 3.0511, respectively. Our results showed that C. songorica K. Koch. from Xinjiang has a high level of genetic diversity at both the phenotypic and molecular levels. Significant genetic differentiation existed within population and the differentiation trend showed a regional association. And in this study, in situ and ex situ conser- vation approaches were raised for wild hawthorn protection utilization.展开更多
Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic...Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice. However, many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years. Therefore, the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization. Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons. Fortunately, one population of Oryza rufipogon, three of O officinalis and ten of O. granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites, which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis in this study. ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich. The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution, morphological traits, nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.展开更多
The genetic diversity analysis was done on 11 phenotypic traits of 35 camellia germplasm materials. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in 11 traits concerning the flowers and leaves select...The genetic diversity analysis was done on 11 phenotypic traits of 35 camellia germplasm materials. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in 11 traits concerning the flowers and leaves selected in this study,and petal number had the largest coefficient of variation,followed by ovary height,and leaf length had the smallest coefficient of variation. F test results showed that the differences in 11 phenotypic traits reached a significant level. Through the trait correlation analysis,it was found that there was a positive or negative significant correlation between the 11 phenotypic traits. Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 71. 185%,the eigenvector which reflected flower pattern was largest,and flower pattern had a great impact on classification of camellia variety. Based on the genetic differences in traits between varieties,the 35 test materials were divided into three categories: Group I was characterized by large flower pattern; Group II was characterized by large leaf pattern; Group Ⅲ was characterized by many petals. Flower diameter and flower height were important standards for classification of camellia variety.展开更多
Background The genomes of worldwide poultry breeds divergently selected for performance and other phenotypic traits may also be affected by,and formed due to,past and current admixture events.Adaptation to diverse env...Background The genomes of worldwide poultry breeds divergently selected for performance and other phenotypic traits may also be affected by,and formed due to,past and current admixture events.Adaptation to diverse environments,including acclimation to harsh climatic conditions,has also left selection footprints in breed genomes.Results Using the Chicken 50K_CobbCons SNP chip,we genotyped four divergently selected breeds:two aboriginal,cold tolerant Ushanka and Orloff Mille Fleur,one egg-type Russian White subjected to artificial selection for cold tolerance,and one meat-type White Cornish.Signals of selective sweeps were determined in the studied breeds using three methods:(1)assessment of runs of homozygosity islands,(2)F_(ST) based population differential analysis,and(3)haplotype differentiation analysis.Genomic regions of true selection signatures were identified by two or more methods or in two or more breeds.In these regions,we detected 540 prioritized candidate genes supplemented them with those that occurred in one breed using one statistic and were suggested in other studies.Amongst them,SOX5,ME3,ZNF536,WWP1,RIPK2,OSGIN2,DECR1,TPO,PPARGC1A,BDNF,MSTN,and beta-keratin genes can be especially mentioned as candidates for cold adaptation.Epigenetic factors may be involved in regulating some of these important genes(e.g.,TPO and BDNF).Conclusion Based on a genome-wide scan,our findings can help dissect the genetic architecture underlying various phenotypic traits in chicken breeds.These include genes representing the sine qua non for adaptation to harsh environments.Cold tolerance in acclimated chicken breeds may be developed following one of few specific gene expression mechanisms or more than one overlapping response known in cold-exposed individuals,and this warrants further investigation.展开更多
Morphine is a widely used analgesic, but its use in clinical precision medicine is limited by the variance in response among individuals. Although previous studies have shown that individual differences in morphine ca...Morphine is a widely used analgesic, but its use in clinical precision medicine is limited by the variance in response among individuals. Although previous studies have shown that individual differences in morphine can be explained in terms of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, genetic polymorphisms also play an important role. However, the genetic basis of different sensitivity and tolerance susceptibility to morphine remains ambiguous. Using 15 strains of inbred Genetic Diversity(GD) mice,a new resource with wide genetic and phenotypic variation, we demonstrated great variance in sensitivity to morphine analgesia and susceptibility to morphine tolerance between different GD strains. Among-i ndividual variance in response to morphine analgesia in the population can be modeled in GD mice. Two loci respectively may be associated with the among-i ndividual variance in morphine sensitivity and tolerance,confirming the role of genetic factors in among-i ndividual different responses to morphine. These results indicate that GD mice may be a potential tool for the identification of new biomarkers to improve the clinical administration of morphine.展开更多
基金supported by the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Major Science and Technology Project (2021A02001-3).
文摘Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)is the most important plant producing natural fibers for the textile industry.In this study,we first investigated the phenotypic variation of seven agronomic traits of 273 diverse cotton accessions in the years 2017 and 2018,which were from 18 geographical regions.We found large variations among the traits in different geographical regions and only half of the traits in either years 2017 or 2018 followed a normal distribution.We then genotyped the collection with 81,612 high quality SNPs.Phylogenetic tree and population structure revealed a diverse genetic structure of the core collection,and geographical diversification was an important factor,but account for part of the variances of genetic diversification.We then performed genome-wide association study for the seven traits in the years 2017 and 2018,and the average values of each trait in the two years,respectively.We identified a total of 19 significant marker-trait associations and found that Pollen Ole e 1 allergen/extension could be the candidate gene associated with the fall-off cotton bolls from the last three branches.In addition,large variations were observed for the heritability of traits in the years 2017 and 2018.These results provide new potential candidate genes for further functional validation,which could be useful for genetic improvement and breeding of new cotton cultivars with better agronomic performances.
基金Supported by the Key Programs of Yunnan Province(2008CD010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30760119)Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology of Wheat UQECProgram(2010BB005)~~
文摘[Objective] The present study was conducted to provide basis for researches on breeding new wheat varieties and conserving rare species in Yunnan Province.[Method] 29 materials of Triticum aestivum ssp.yunnanense King(Yunnan Hulled Wheat)were taken for the research on classification and genetic diversity analysis based on 14 agronomic traits.[Result] Yunnan hulled wheat A14 could be an unnamed white seed variety,and other 28 materials were divided into 10 named mutation types;Yunnan hulled wheat was rich in variability of agronomic traits,in which the coefficient of variance(CV)of sterile spikelet number was the largest(22.59%),while the CV of earing period was the lowest(3.71%);the diversity indexes of seven qualitative characters ranged from 1.55-2.04.Moreover,the 29 Yunnan hulled wheat could be divided into 3 clusters by the UPGMA analysis.However,Yunnan hulled wheat varieties originating from similar mutation types did not completely cluster together.The genetic relationship was relatively close among A13(YT-35),A14(YT-36)and A21(YT-37),but the faster genetic relationship was observed between them and other Yunnan hulled wheat varieties.[Conclusion] Yunnan hulled wheat had an extensive genetic diversity in agronomic traits.
基金Supported by Crop Germplasm Protection Project of Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China(2014NWB017)Fund for National Infrastructure of Sugarcane Germplasm Resources(2012-044)Fund for Sugarcane Industry Technical System Construction of Kaiyuan Field Station(CARS-20-6-13)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to utilize and estimate Erianthus arundinaceum resources and to develop their elite traits. [Method] Phenotypic traits and genetic diversity were evaluated based on 5 quantitative traits and 21 qualitative traits of 162 accessions of Erianthus arundinaceum collected from nine provinces in China (74 in Yunnan, 15 in Fujian, 19 in Guizhou, 18 in Hainan, 14 in Sichuan, 10 in Jiangxi, 4 in Guangdong, 4 in Guangxi and 4 in Zhejiang). [Result] The Shannon-Wiener indices of qualitative traits among the E. arundinaceum populations from different provinces were generally low. The accessions from Fujian exhibited the highest genetic diversity index (0.762 4), while those from Guangxi showed the lowest one (0.294 2). There were great genetic variances in quantitative traits, with mean variation coefficients ranging from 14.95% to 32.15%. The accessions from Yunnan showed the highest variation coefficient (32.15%) and those from Guangxi showed the lowest one (14.95%). Brix exhibited extremely significant nega- tive correlation with altitude and plant height showed extremely significant negative correlation with latitude. Coefficients of genetic divergence indicated that a high proportion of total genetic variation was retained within the populations from different regions, and the high gene flow showed that there were active genetic exchanges among these populations, suggesting no significant genetic divergence among these populations. According to genetic distance and UPGMA, there was a certain correlation between genetic distance and different sampling regions of E. arundinaceum. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical references for resource collection , het- erosis application and development of excellent genes of sugarcane germplasm.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2006BAD02A13-3-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800674)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to elucidate the changes of agronomical traits of indica hybrid rice during its genetic improvement.[Method]23 typical indica hybrid combinations cultivated in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River during the last 30 years were selected as experimental materials.All the hybrid rice combinations were grown in the same field;and then yield and morphological characters of single plant were compared;correlation and path analyses among agronomic characteristics were also conducted.[Result]During the 30 years of genetic improvement,the effective panicle number per plant was progressively decreased,which caused the decrease of grain yield and biomass per plant of hybrid rice combinations in spite of the slightly increased plant height,1 000-grain weight and number of grains per panicle.Although the transformation percentage of the matter in stem and sheath decreased after flowering,leave photosynthetic capacity after flowering was increased as panicle weight.Correlation and path analysis showed that although both biomass per plant and number of grains per panicle were significantly correlated with grain yield per plant,biomass per plant acted as the key factor affecting yield per plant.[Conclusion]It was suggested that in rice high yield cultivation,panicle number was as important as large panicle,and tillering ability should not be neglected in breeding.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2015ZCQ-LX-02)
文摘Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. and S. delavayi Franchet are among the most valuable species in the genus Sapindus for their commercially exploitable plant oils and chemicals. However, few studies have addressed genetic variation and improvement for either species. We evaluated the genetic diversity of germplasm from selected plus trees within a wide region and established the relationship between fruit traits and molecular markers. An association analysis based on inter-simple sequence repeats(ISSRs)provided a genetic basis for studies of fruit traits. A total of 247 loci were detected by scanning 61 trees of S. mukorossi and S. delavayi using 16 ISSR markers. Genetic diversity parameters were estimated for selected superior trees(or germplasm) and S. mukorossi and S. delavayi were categorized into two main groups, as well as into four groups within S. mukorossi. An association analysis between the ISSR markers and 14 fruit traits used the TASSEL MLM model. A genetic structure analysis differentiated S.mukorossi and S. delavayi. Eighteen ISSR loci associated with 13 fruit traits(P<0.005) were identified, with 13, 1,and 4 loci associated with seed oil production, fruit saponin production, and fruit quality, respectively. Using this information, a core collection was selected with adequate genetic diversity and good seed oil characters. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of effectively estimating fruit trait associations in Sapindus using ISSR markers, and the method is applicable and valuable for select germplasm conservation. The markers obtained in this study are potentially useful for molecular-assisted breeding of Sapindus spp.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-29-01)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP2016-RIP-01)。
文摘Germplasm resources are an important basis for genetic breeding and analysis of complex traits,and research on genetic diversity is conducive to the exploration and creation of new types of germplasm.In this study,the distribution frequency,coefficient of variation,Shannon-Wiener index,and variance and cluster analyses were used to analyze the diversity and trait differences of 39 fruit phenotypic traits from 570 pear accessions,which included 456 pear accessions from 11 species and 114 interspecific hybrid cultivars that had been stored in the National Germplasm Repository of Apple and Pear(Xingcheng,China).The comprehensive evaluation indices were screened by correlation,principal component and regression analyses.A total of 132 variant types were detected in 28 categorical traits of pear germplasm fruit,which indicate a rich diversity.The diversity indices in decreasing order were:fruit shape(1.949),attitude of calyx(1.908),flesh texture type(1.700),persistency of calyx(1.681),russet location(1.658),relief of area around eye basin(1.644),flavor(1.610)and ground color(1.592).The coefficient of variation of titratable acidity in the 11 numerical traits of pear germplasm fruit was as high as 128.43%,which could more effectively reflect the differences between pear accessions.The phenotypic differentiation coefficient V_(st)(66.4%)among the five cultivated pear species,including Pyrus bretschneideri(White Pear),P.pyrifolia(Sand Pear),P.ussuriensis(Ussurian Pear),P.sinkiangensis(Xinjiang Pear),and P.communis(European Pear),was higher than the within population phenotypic differentiation coefficient V_(st)(33.6%).The variation among populations was the main source of variation in pear fruit traits.A hierarchical cluster analysis divided the 389 accessions of six cultivated pear species,including P.pashia(Himalayan Pear),into six categories.There were certain characteristics within the populations,and the differences between populations were not completely clustered by region.For example,Sand Pear cultivars from Japan and the Korean Peninsula clustered together with those from China.Most of the White Pear cultivars clustered with the Sand Pear,and a few clustered with the Ussurian Pear cultivars.The Ussurian Pear and European Pear cultivars clustered separately.The Xinjiang Pear and Himalayan Pear did not cluster together,and neither did the cultivars.Seventeen traits,three describing fruit weight and edible rate(fruit diameter,fruit length and fruit core size),five describing outer quality and morphological characteristics(over color,amount of russeting,dot obviousness,fruit shape,and stalk length),and nine describing inner quality(flesh color,juiciness of flesh,aroma,flavor,flesh texture,flesh texture type,soluble solid contents,titratable acidity,and eating quality)were selected from the 39 traits by principal component and stepwise regression analyses.These 17 traits could reflect 99.3%of the total variation and can be used as a comprehensive evaluation index for pear germplasm resources.
文摘The genetic diversity of 41 parental lines popularized in commercial hybrid rice production in China was studied by using cluster analysis of morphological traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Forty-one entries were assigned into two clusters (i.e. early or medium-maturing cluster; medium or late-maturing cluster) and further assigned into six sub-clusters based on morphological trait cluster analysis, The early or medium-maturing cluster was composed of 15 maintainer lines, four early-maturing restorer lines and two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, and the medium or late-maturing cluster included 16 restorer lines and 4 medium or late-maturing maintainer lines. Moreover, the SSR cluster analysis classified 41 entries into two groups (i.e, maintainer line group and restorer line group) and seven sub-groups. The maintainer line group consisted of all 19 maintainer lines, two thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, while the restorer line group was composed of all 20 restorer lines. The SSR analysis fitted better with the pedigree information. From the views on hybrid rice breeding, the results suggested that SSR analysis might be a better method to study the diversity of parental lines in indica hybrid rice.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Scientific Research Funds for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(1630032015003)
文摘A total of 398 chili pepper germplasms were used as test materials and genetic diversity and correlation analysis were performed on 17 botanical traits. The results of diversity analysis showed that the diversity indexes of the 17 botanical traits ranged from 0.15 to 5.97 with the average value of 4.12. The data distributions of 11 quantitative traits were more dispersed than qualitative traits. The average value of eoefficient of variation was 36.90% and the variation ranges were one to six times larger than the average value. The results of correlation analysis showed that plant height had significantly positive correlations with plant breadth, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, the frrst flower node and carpopodium length. The In'st flower node was significantly negatively correlated with fruit length, fruit width, flesh thickness and weight per fruit and signifieantly positively correlated with plant height and plant breadth. The flesh thickness was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width and carpopodium length. The weight per fruit was significantly positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, fruit length, fruit width, carpopodium length and flesh thickness. Materials with low first flower node, moderate plant height and width and large fruit should be selected for the breeding of early-maturing and high-yield chili pepper varieties. The genetic distances between chili pepper traits were calculated based on the genotypic values of the 11 quantitative traits. The genetic distances between different traits ranged from 14.26 to 32.99. The 11 quantitative traits were divided into seven groups when the rescaled distance was ten, which further clarified the relationships between different traits. The research results laid a solid foundation for the new variety breeding of chili pepper.
文摘Analysis of differentiation (genetic diversity and related relationships) among 22 landrace (Ficus carica L. sativa) and 2 wild form (F. carica L. caprificus) accessions of fig growing under the same environmental conditions in the Palestinian Fig Collection, Til, Nablus, Palestine, using PCR-based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pomological markers, revealed considerable genetic diversity. The phenotypic analysis shows that pomological traits were permitted to evaluate morphological variability of fig landraces. The Jaccard similarity coefficient between landraces was determined by cluster analysis using the UPGMA method. Based on the genetic relationships among genotypes as illustrated by the dendrograms, generated from pomological and RAPD data by UPGMA clustering method, the following 12 genotypes: Qaisi, Mwazi, Barqawi, Inaqi, Swadi, Kharobi, Hmadibiadi, Sfari, Khdari, Biadi, Qrawi, and Slati, may be considered as distinct landraces. The remaining genotypes may be considered as synonymous (4) (Hmadi and Hmari, and Ajloni and Adloni), or closely related (6) landraces (Zraqi and Ghzali, Blati and Neami, and Qraee and Khurtmani). The wild fig forms clustered together and may be considered as distinct genotypes. Clustering patterns obtained from the combined (pomological and RAPD) markers had higher discriminatory power to discriminate fig landraces than using either pomological or RAPD markers alone. These results proved the importance of both pomological and RAPD markers to elucidate in part denomination problems and relationships among cultivars. Wide phenotypic and molecular diversity found in fig germplasm indicates a considerable potential for improving this crop.
基金Supported by Key Project of Natural Science Foundation for Universities in Anhui Province(KJ2013A207,KJ2014A194)Major Project for Provincial Discipline Construction of Anhui Province[WJMK(2014)No.28]
文摘[ Objective] This study analyzed genetic diversity of 22 representative peony cultivars to investigate genetic differences between peony cultivars and ex- plore excellent germplasm resources, aiming at providing scientific basis for analysis of genetic relationships between different peony cultivars and germplasm innova- tion. [ Method ] Flower color, flower type, plant height, plant width, flower diameter, leaf length, leaf width, plant type and leaf type of 22 peony cultivars were surveyed. The genetic distances between peony cuhivars were calculated with Euclidean distance method. The genetic diversity of 22 peony cultivars was analyzed by UPGMA cluster analysis. [ Result] Based on the overall average of total genetic distance, UPGMA cluster analysis results were classified. Thus, 22 peony culti- vars were divided into five categories. Category [ consisted of Yinhongqiaodui, Jizhuahong, Babaoxiang, Chongloudiancui, Congzhongxiao, Weizi, Yanlongzi and Qiejiazi ; category II consisted of Huhong; category III consisted of Xiaohuhong, Baiyulan, Yingsuhong, Fengdan, Dajinfeng, Jingyu, Panzhongquguo, Qingshan- guanxue, Mojiatrrong, Dahongyipin and Lanhuakui; category IV consisted of Haihuang; category V consisted of Sihelian. The classification results were consistent with pedigree analysis. Peony cuhivars with unknown pedigree were assigned to corresponding heterosis group. [ Conclusion] The diversity analysis of morphologi- cal traits is an effective method for investigating genetic differences between different cultivars, which may lay the theoretic foundation for breeding, industrial devel- opment and application of new peony cultivars.
文摘Since seed and maternal plant are in different generations,the grain milling traits and plant agronomic traits of rice are based on differentgenetic models.Using the genetic modelswhich could estimate covariance componentsbetween two traits with unequal design matri-ces,we analyzed the gentic relationships be-
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10475041)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to provide reference for research on radiation and breeding of cotton pollen through irradiating common ripe pollen grain of upland cotton by 60Co-γ Ray of varied doses. [Method] Ripe pollen grains of upland cotton were irradiated by 60Co-γ Ray with doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy, respectively, to learn radiation effect and select appropriate dose. [Result] Most properties of M1 obviously showed variation when dose was over 10 Gy; vitality, growth, and fertility were greatly inhibited when dose was 15 Gy which was almost semi-lethal concentration, and variation species were richest at the same time, which provided materi- als for practical breeding. [Conclusion] 60Co-γ Ray of 15 Gy is more suitable for mutagenesis research on ripe pollen grains of upland cotton.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171556,31171555,31230053)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(2011AA100103-02)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2013BAD01B02-9)
文摘Aegiliops tauschii is classified into two subspecies: Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii and Ae. tauschii ssp. strangulata. Novel genetic variations exist in Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii that can be utilized in wheat improvement. We synthesized a hexaploid wheat genotype(SHW-L1) by crossing an Ae. tauschii ssp. tauschii accession(AS60) with a tetraploid wheat genotype(AS2255). A population consisting of 171 F8 recombinant inbred lines was developed from SHW-L1 and Chuanmai 32 to identify QTLs associated with agronomic traits. A new genetic map with high density was constructed and used to detect the QTLs for heading date, kernel width, spike length, spikelet number, and thousand kernel weight. A total of 30 putative QTLs were identified for five investigated traits. Thirteen QTLs were located on D genomes of SHW-L1, six of them showed positive effect on agronomic traits. Chromosome region flanked by wPt-6133–wPt-8134 on 2D carried five environment-independent QTLs. Each QTL accounted for more than 10% phenotypic variance. These QTLs were highly consistent across environments and should be used in wheat breeding.
基金supported by the Special Research Projects of National Forestry Industry of Public Benefit,China(201304701-1)the Key Discipline of Horticultural of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(2016-10758-3)the Key Laboratory of Characteristics of Fruit Trees Center of Xinjiang Agricultural University,China
文摘The wild hawthorn species, Crataegus songorica K. Koch., is an important wild germplasm resource in Xinjiang, China that has been endangered in recent years. The genetic diversity of C. songorica K. Koch. germplasm in five populations from Daxigou, Xinjiang, China were evaluated based on phenotypic traits and ISSR molecular markers to provide basic infor- mation on resource protection, rational utilization and genetic improvement. The F-value for the phenotypic differentiation coefficient of the 33 traits measured ranged from 0.266 to 15.128, and mean value was 13.85%. The variation among populations was found to be lower than that within population. A total of 303 loci were detected within the five populations by 12 primers. Within 298,polymorphic loci, the polymorphism was 98.35%, showing a high genetic diversity in C. songorica K. Koch. The gene diversity within population, total population genetic diversity, genetic differentiation coefficient and gene flow were 0.2779, 0.3235, 0.1408, and 3.0511, respectively. Our results showed that C. songorica K. Koch. from Xinjiang has a high level of genetic diversity at both the phenotypic and molecular levels. Significant genetic differentiation existed within population and the differentiation trend showed a regional association. And in this study, in situ and ex situ conser- vation approaches were raised for wild hawthorn protection utilization.
基金supported by the Yunnan Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant No. 2008C004)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.31160067)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (Grant No. 201003021)
文摘Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice. However, many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years. Therefore, the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization. Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons. Fortunately, one population of Oryza rufipogon, three of O officinalis and ten of O. granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites, which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis in this study. ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich. The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution, morphological traits, nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.
文摘The genetic diversity analysis was done on 11 phenotypic traits of 35 camellia germplasm materials. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in 11 traits concerning the flowers and leaves selected in this study,and petal number had the largest coefficient of variation,followed by ovary height,and leaf length had the smallest coefficient of variation. F test results showed that the differences in 11 phenotypic traits reached a significant level. Through the trait correlation analysis,it was found that there was a positive or negative significant correlation between the 11 phenotypic traits. Principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 71. 185%,the eigenvector which reflected flower pattern was largest,and flower pattern had a great impact on classification of camellia variety. Based on the genetic differences in traits between varieties,the 35 test materials were divided into three categories: Group I was characterized by large flower pattern; Group II was characterized by large leaf pattern; Group Ⅲ was characterized by many petals. Flower diameter and flower height were important standards for classification of camellia variety.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation within the Project No.21-66-00007support of the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education。
文摘Background The genomes of worldwide poultry breeds divergently selected for performance and other phenotypic traits may also be affected by,and formed due to,past and current admixture events.Adaptation to diverse environments,including acclimation to harsh climatic conditions,has also left selection footprints in breed genomes.Results Using the Chicken 50K_CobbCons SNP chip,we genotyped four divergently selected breeds:two aboriginal,cold tolerant Ushanka and Orloff Mille Fleur,one egg-type Russian White subjected to artificial selection for cold tolerance,and one meat-type White Cornish.Signals of selective sweeps were determined in the studied breeds using three methods:(1)assessment of runs of homozygosity islands,(2)F_(ST) based population differential analysis,and(3)haplotype differentiation analysis.Genomic regions of true selection signatures were identified by two or more methods or in two or more breeds.In these regions,we detected 540 prioritized candidate genes supplemented them with those that occurred in one breed using one statistic and were suggested in other studies.Amongst them,SOX5,ME3,ZNF536,WWP1,RIPK2,OSGIN2,DECR1,TPO,PPARGC1A,BDNF,MSTN,and beta-keratin genes can be especially mentioned as candidates for cold adaptation.Epigenetic factors may be involved in regulating some of these important genes(e.g.,TPO and BDNF).Conclusion Based on a genome-wide scan,our findings can help dissect the genetic architecture underlying various phenotypic traits in chicken breeds.These include genes representing the sine qua non for adaptation to harsh environments.Cold tolerance in acclimated chicken breeds may be developed following one of few specific gene expression mechanisms or more than one overlapping response known in cold-exposed individuals,and this warrants further investigation.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0105204)National Natural Science Foundation of China (81873963)Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2016ZX310044)。
文摘Morphine is a widely used analgesic, but its use in clinical precision medicine is limited by the variance in response among individuals. Although previous studies have shown that individual differences in morphine can be explained in terms of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, genetic polymorphisms also play an important role. However, the genetic basis of different sensitivity and tolerance susceptibility to morphine remains ambiguous. Using 15 strains of inbred Genetic Diversity(GD) mice,a new resource with wide genetic and phenotypic variation, we demonstrated great variance in sensitivity to morphine analgesia and susceptibility to morphine tolerance between different GD strains. Among-i ndividual variance in response to morphine analgesia in the population can be modeled in GD mice. Two loci respectively may be associated with the among-i ndividual variance in morphine sensitivity and tolerance,confirming the role of genetic factors in among-i ndividual different responses to morphine. These results indicate that GD mice may be a potential tool for the identification of new biomarkers to improve the clinical administration of morphine.