Assessment of NH3 Reduction and N2O Production during Treatment of Exhausted Air from Fattening Pigs Building by a Commercial Scrubber

The use of air scrubbers to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions from buildings on pig farms is one of the most promising techniques in the GÖteborg protocol and other European regulations including the Industrial Emission Directive. In France, some air scrubbers are currently used on pig farms, mainly to reduce odours from livestock buildings. However, recent research revealed the production of N2O resulting from the treatment of air from pig buildings. In this context, a two-month study was conducted on a pig farm with 750 places for fattening pigs to check the abatement of NH3 emissions and to assess the possible production of N2O during treatment of exhausted air from buildings housing fattening pigs by a air scrubber. Concentrations of NH3 and N2O in the inlet and outlet air of the scrubber were continuously monitored using an Innova 1412 infrared analyzer. With the scrubber operating parameters (airflow, design, size), our results confirmed the production of N2O in the order of 5% of NH3-N reduced. N2O was produced by biological nitrification and/or denitrification inside the air scrubber. Statistical analysis (Pearson’s test) showed that the production of N2O was strongly influenced by the rate of airflow and the outside temperature. The abatement of NH3 emissions from the building was only 33%, i.e. much lower than the 70% - 90% usually cited in the literature.

Air cushion furnace technology for heat treatment of high quality aluminum alloy auto body sheet

The process characteristics of heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet and the working principle of air cushion furnace were introduced.The process position and irreplaceable role of air cushion furnace in the aluminum alloy auto body sheet production was pointed out after the difficulty and key points in the whole production process of auto body sheet were studied.Then the development process of air cushion furnace line of aluminum alloy sheet was reviewed,summarized and divided to two stages.Based on the research of air cushion furnace,the key technology of it was analyzed,then the key points on process,equipment and control models of air cushion furnace for aluminum alloy auto body sheet in future were put forward.With the rapid development of automotive industry,there will be certainly a new upsurge of research and application of air cushion furnace for heat treatment of aluminum alloy auto body sheet.

Enhancing the crystalline degree of carbon nanotubes by acid treatment, air oxidization and heat treatment

Three approaches of treating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) including acid treatment, air oxidization and heat treatment at high temperature were studied to enhance the crystalline degree of carbon nanotubes. High temperature heat-treatment elevates the crystalline degree of carbon nanotubes. Acid treatment removes parts of amorphous carbonaceous matter through its oxidization effect. Air oxidization disperses carbon nanotubes and amorphous carbonaceous matter. The treatment of combining acid treatment with heat-treatment further elevates the crystalline degree of carbon nanotubes comparing with acid treatment or heat-treatment. The combination of the three treatments creates the thorough effects of enhancing the crystalline degree of carbon nanotubes.

Effect of Air Pressure on Hardened Layer of U75V 60 kg/m Heavy Rail after Heat Treatment

The samples cut from U75V 60 kg/m heavy rail are heated to 900 ℃ in resistance furnace and then put into air spraying channel to be cooled for 80 s, and change air pressure from 0.16 MPa to 0.33 MPa, and observe the effect of air pressure on hardened layer. The thickness and hardness of hardened layer increases with the increase of air pressure, and the thickness is more than 24 mm at the center and top fillets of rail head, and more than 15 mm at the blow fillets of rail head when air pressure is more than 0.26 MPa. During the tempering after heat treatment, tempering temperature of rail head is more than 570 ℃ when air pressure is separately 0.16 MPa, 0.20 MPa and 0.23 MPa, which is higher than finishing temperature of pearlite transformation at the cooling rate of 3 ℃/s according to CCT curve of U75V steel. When air pressure is separately 0.26, 0.30 and 0.33 MPa, the tempering temperature is 529 ℃ lower than finishing temperature of pearlite transformation at the cooling rate of 3 ℃/s. Under this condition, pearlite transformation is finished totally, so in order to reduce air consumption and control the cost, proper air pressure for U75V 60 kg/m heavy rail heat treating should be 0.26 MPa; the cooling rate increases with the increase of air pressure, and the average cooling rate on the surface of rail head is more than 3.21 ℃/s when air pressure is more than 0.26 MPa, and the largest cooling rate occurs at the top fillets of rail head.

Treatment of desizing wastewater from the textile industry by wet air oxidation

This paper describes the application of wet air oxidation to the treatment of desizing wastewater from two textile companies. A two\|liter high temperature, high pressure autoclave reactor was used in the study. The range of operating temperatures examined was between 150 and 290℃, and the partial pressure of oxygen ranged from 0.375 to 2.25 MPa. Variations in pH, COD Cr and TOD content were monitored during each experiment and used to assess the extent of conversion of the process. The effects of temperature, pressure and reaction time were explored extensively. More than 90% COD Cr reduction and 80% TOC removal have been obtained. The results have also been demonstrated that WAO is a suitable pre\|treatment methods due to improvement of the BOD\-5/COD\-\{Cr\} ratio of desizing wastewater. The reaction kinetics of wet air oxidation of desizing wastewater has been proved to be two steps, a fast reaction followed by a slow reaction stage.

Humid Air Plasma Treatment of Birnessite Surface: Application to the Removal of Cochineal Red

The thin layers of birnessite (Mn7O13?5H2O) are exposed to reactive species gliding arc plasma in humid air, which induces the treatment of the thin layers surface. Plasma treatment thin layer of birnessite was used for the degradation of Cochineal Red. The experimental results showed that 95% of the CR solution was completely decolorized by thin layer of birnessite treated by plasma compared to 80% of the same solution after interaction of thin layer of birnessite untreated. The decay kinetics always follows a pseudo-first order reaction. The application of the humid air plasma for the surface treatment of thin layers of birnessite improves the efficiency of treatment for Cochineal Red degradation.

Treatment of Wastewater Containing Heavy Metals Using Dissolved Air Released Flotation Column

A new type of dissolved air released flotation column is developed to treat wastewater containing Cr(VI)based on advantages of both dissolved air floatation and column floatation. By using a column with a diameter of 50mm and a specially made dissolved air releaser, micro-bubbles inside the column can be formed. N2H4·H2O was usedas reductant, AlCl3 as flocculant, C12H25SO3Na(SDS) as surfactant in the experiment. The effects of pH of wastewa-ter, pressure of dissolved air, ratio of return water, and concentration of flocculant and surfactant on the removal effi-ciency are studied. The results show that the efficiency of dissolved air released flotation column is much higher thanthat of other approaches after the operation parameters are optimized, with the reduction ratio of Cr(VI) in wastewaterreaching 98%. So this technique can be widely used in wastewater treatment.

气动振杆密实法加固湿陷性黄土的模型试验研究

气动振杆密实法是湿陷性黄土地基处理的一项全新技术。采用自行研制的气动振杆密实模型试验装置,进行了单一激振力、气体射流协同激振力两种条件下的模型试验,评价了土体加固效果,研究了振杆贯入过程中土体水平向土压力、土颗粒垂直振动速度和土体中气体压力值的变化规律。试验发现,处理后各深度土层的密度均有明显提高,湿陷系数降低;增设气体射流后,100 mm深度以下土层密度进一步提高,水平向土压力最大提高20.4%,同时放大了振杆密实法引起的土体振动响应。研究揭示了气体射流在土体加固过程中的作用机理,探讨了气动振杆密实法加固湿陷性黄土机理,为推广气动振杆密实法处理湿陷性黄土地基技术的应用提供了理论依据。

单板滑雪大跳台运动员肘关节脱位复位后的康复治疗个案研究

肘关节脱位是常见的生理性损伤,但目前针对运动员群体的肘关节复位后的康复研究空白较多。通过对我国优秀单板滑雪大跳台运动员任**左肘关节脱位复位后的康复个案进行研究,总结运动员肘关节脱位的可行化康复方案。得出将早期肘关节主动活动训练与区域镇痛手段结合,能缩短肘关节脱位复位后的康复周期;在康复期间尽早开展身体健侧部位的训练,可在最短时间内恢复运动员的整体运动能力;根据运动员特点采取综合性的治疗手段,更有助于运动员整体竞技能力的恢复与保持。建议在单板滑雪大跳台运动员肘关节脱位复位后的康复治疗中,重点关注肘关节的肌肉力量与稳定性恢复;更多结合单板滑雪大跳台专项运动能力相关指标展开康复评估;对普通运动员或其他项目运动员的治疗案例进行更多研究,以检验本研究中康复方案的适用性。

渤海湾海上电力动力平台暖通空调系统设计研究

海上电力动力平台上设置有大量高压电气设备间等房间,合理的暖通空调系统设计对于设备的安全稳定运行起到重要作用。以渤海湾某岸电工程海上电力动力平台暖通系统设计为例,阐述了系统设计标准、设计原则和设计方案。实践结果表明,设计原则和设计方案合理可行,可为后续海上电力动力平台暖通空调系统设计提供参考。

2种不同消毒方法对口腔综合诊疗室空气消毒效果的对比研究

目的研究等离子体立体消毒与紫外线平面消毒法在口腔综合诊疗室的空气消毒效果,探讨有效、适宜的空气消毒方法。方法对360名就诊者进行超声波洁治术,洁治后即刻用2种不同消毒方法消毒口腔综合诊疗室并布采样点研究,120例布采样点于遮挡物前面,对照组1为紫外线平面消毒,实验组1为等离子体立体消毒,2组各60例;120例随机布采样点(存在采样点位于遮挡物背面的可能),对照组2为紫外线平面消毒,实验组2为等离子体立体消毒,2组各60例;120例布采样点于遮挡物背面,对照组3为紫外线平面消毒,实验组3为等离子体立体消毒,2组各60例。结果对照组1、实验组1实验前后菌落总数差值中位数分别为1.85、1.90,实验组1空气菌落数下降与对照组1相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组2、对照组2实验前后菌落总数差值中位数分别为2.80、1.70(P<0.05),实验组2空气菌落数下降高于对照组2。实验组3、对照组3实验前后菌落总数差值中位数分别为2.25、0.30(P<0.05),实验组3空气菌落数下降高于对照组3。结论等离子体立体消毒法对于口腔综合诊疗室空气消毒的有效性优于紫外线平面消毒法,值得临床推广运用。

医药洁净厂房空调系统节能途径及措施

随着新版药品生产质量管理规范(GMP)对制药洁净室内生产环境要求越来越严格,医药工业净化空调系统的能耗大幅增加。文章从新风独立处理、值班工况、采用高效能冷水机组及凝结水热回收等四方面阐述了医药洁净厂房空调系统节能措施,通过对实际工程的能耗模拟,验证了采取以上措施能做到在满足工艺生产环境的前提下,更好地节约能源、降低生产成本。

基于LDA模型的中国大气污染治理政策主题演进分析

中国的大气污染治理政策自颁布伊始距今已有41年(1979—2019年),以此作为研究背景,将我国大气污染治理政策划分为三个时期。运用困惑度计算各个时期的主题数目,使用R软件构建隐含狄利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation,LDA)模型进行主题标识及关键词强度的计算,研究发现政策内容由单一污染物、污染源主题演变为多污染物、污染源的治理主题;政策工具的主题演变体现了我国大气污染治理的多样化;重要事件驱动了我国大气污染治理政策的演变。

空气气氛热处理对Pd膜氢渗透性能的影响

为了研究空气气氛热处理对Pd膜氢渗透性能的影响,采用化学镀沉积Pd膜,并对在573 K空气气氛热处理前后的Pd膜氢渗透性能进行分析评价。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和氢渗透方法对Pd膜进行了表征,结果表明:沉积态Pd膜结构致密无缺陷,厚度为5μm左右,Pd膜在673、723、773 K的氢渗透率分别为3.62×10^(-9)、5.12×10^(-9)、6.80×10^(-9)mol/(m·s·Pa^(0.5))。573 K空气气氛热处理会导致Pd膜表面粗糙度增加,表面积增大,氢在膜表面的解离吸附位点增加,进而提升膜的氢渗透性能。热处理后,Pd膜在673、723、773 K的氢渗透率分别为5.32×10^(-9)、6.44×10^(-9)、7.31×10^(-9)mol/(m·s·Pa^(0.5)),较热处理前提高了1.1~1.5倍。

健康空间实验——肺结核疗法对19—20世纪现代主义建筑变革的影响路径

19—20世纪的现代主义建筑变革中,肺结核疗法影响了现代主义建筑元素的出现,但在建筑史研究中却少有涉及。文章基于肺结核治疗史的视角,聚焦于从疗养院到现代主义住宅的建筑变革历史,具体分析现代主义建筑标志元素“平屋顶、躺椅、阳台和露台”与肺结核主流疗法“日光空气疗法”间的对应关系和发展路径。通过构建两者的关联图景,论证肺结核是影响现代主义建筑变革的重要因素之一,并探讨建筑变革背后医学参与和文化运动的促进作用。

生物技术在大气污染治理中的应用研究

本研究聚焦于生物技术在大气污染治理中的应用。通过分析生物技术的工作原理,探讨其在减少大气污染方面的应用潜力。结果显示,生物技术在大气污染治理中具有低能耗、无二次污染和经济社会效益良好等优势。本研究提出了一些实际应用方法,如生物过滤器的使用、植物修复的配置运用和微生物菌剂的施用方法等。并在实际应用中展示了这些方法在降低污染物浓度、改善空气质量和促进可持续发展方面的潜力。

环境监测管理在大气污染治理中的作用分析

我国目前为止面临的众多问题中,环境问题是比较严重的一种,大气污染在其中占据重要比例,此问题对人们的生产、生活造成了严重影响,不利于未来的良性发展。本文对环境监测管理的作用进行了研究,提出大气污染治理策略,以期为工作人员提供一些参考。

钢铁行业典型大气污染物及其治理现状浅析

钢铁行业是我国工业领域重要的大气污染排放源之一,管控和治理好钢铁行业的大气污染是当前打好大气污染防治攻坚战和实现国家双碳30-60目标的重要前提。本文依据国家最新政策要求及技术发展现状,全面地介绍了钢铁行业典型大气污染物的来源、污染物组成及分布现状和钢铁行业大气污染物治理技术,拟为钢铁行业大气污染治理提供更全面参考和借鉴。

空气栓塞的临床表现和治疗

空气栓塞是一种起病隐匿、发展迅速、死亡率高的疾病,最常见的病因是医源性操作,早期发现并采取适当的措施防止疾病的发展对于患者预后至关重要。由于空气栓塞临床表现常常不典型,易被漏诊和误诊,从而造成严重后果,诊断及治疗空气栓塞是一项艰苦的挑战。文章通过对近年来国内以及国际上空气栓塞患者的相关诊疗情况进行综述,分别从空气栓塞的分类及病理机制、临床表现和治疗等方面进行介绍、总结,旨在提高临床医生对该疾病的认识,以便于早期识别及诊断空气栓塞,并及时有效进行干预,防止疾病进一步发展,改善患者预后,降低病死率。食管超声心动图、呼气末二氧化碳分压可以早期识别、及时诊断空气栓塞,及时对患者进行终止空气栓塞的来源、合适的体位、高流量的纯氧吸入及高压氧治疗等是有效的治疗措施。

数字化技术助力环境工程提效探究

面对气候环境的日趋恶化,人类的生活载体及社会发展受到了挑战。在此背景下,环境工程学被赋予改善与保护生态环境的重任。但工程界的传统治理策略因效能低且成本高而备受质疑,科技的新锐力量——数字化技术已崭露头角。基于此,本文论述了数字化技术在环境工程中的应用优势,阐述了数字化技术在提升污水治理效率、净化大气方面的效率,以及数字化技术在土壤修复方面的效率,以供参考。