Warp Air Clean产品特征及其减排效果研究

传统机动车研究假设发动机进气为新鲜空气,但在实际道路环境中,大量污染物会改变发动机的进气质量,从而影响燃烧。Warp Air Clean(WAC)技术通过在硅橡胶中填充碳颗粒,利用碳颗粒的导电性去除进气中的带电粒子,从而达到净化进气、改善燃烧进而减少尾气排放的目的。本研究多种材料检测技术,研究了WAC材料的基本特征,并基于实际道路测试及台架测试,验证了该技术的减排效果。研究结果表明,WAC技术能够有效地减少机动车的THC、CO、NOx和颗粒物排放。

The Experimental Investigations of Dielectric Barrier Discharge and Pulse Corona Discharge in Air Cleaning

The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and pulse corona discharge(PCD) plasma generator was used to remove NH3, H2S, C7H8 etc. from atmosphere. The principle and characteristic of the two ways was discussed in the article. The test shows the result of PCD is better than that of DBD.

不同技术路线Warp Air Clean材料对机动车尾气减排效果研究

传统机动车尾气减排技术经过长期发展,取得了较好效果,但在短期难以获得更大的突破。Warp Air Clean(WAC)技术通过对发动机的进气进行净化,提高发动机内燃烧效率,从而减少尾气排放,是解决机动车尾气排放的新途径。本研究对比了四种不同合成方案WAC材料的减排效果,为该技术的进一步完善优化提供了基础。研究发现:采用加成型硅橡胶合成方案的合成材料效果最好,在怠速与高怠速工况下均能有效降低机动车排放的CO、THC和NO。

基于国五Ⅰ型测试的Warp Air Clean装置对汽油车尾气减排效果研究

汽车尾气排放是空气污染最主要的来源之一,已有技术以机内净化技术和机外净化技术为主,少有关注如何从发动机前端入手减少汽车尾气污染物排放。Warp Air Clean(WAC)装置可以通过静电作用改善发动机进气质量,优化发动机燃烧过程,因此基于国五Ⅰ型测试进行了WAC装置减排效果研究。结果表明:(1)WAC装置对汽油车尾气排放的总碳氢化合物(THC)、CO、氮氧化物(NO_(x))、颗粒物(PM)、CH_(4)和非甲烷总烃(NMHC)都有着较好的减排效果;(2)总体而言,WAC装置对汽油车旧车的减排效果优于新车;(3)对汽油车THC、CH_(4)和NMHC的市区工况减排效果优于市郊工况,而对CO和NO_(x)的市郊工况减排效果优于市区工况;(4)对不超过九座的载客车辆的减排效果优于最大设计总质量不超过3500 kg的载货车辆。

空气前端净化技术Warp Air Clean对柴油车尾气的减排效果

柴油车是城市氮氧化物和颗粒物污染的主要来源之一。以一种新型的发动机前端空气净化技术(warp air clean,WAC)为研究对象,研究其对7辆柴油货车在怠速和自由加速阶段的减排效果。结果表明:WAC对柴油货车一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NO_(x))、碳氢化合物(HC)和颗粒物数量(particulate number,PN)的平均减排率分别为12.2%、2.9%、3.9%和11.3%;不同排放标准下,WAC对国Ⅲ车辆的净化效果更佳。同一排放标准下,轻型柴油车的减排效果要优于重型柴油车;怠速(空挡)阶段,WAC对使用年限长、排放标准低的车辆净化效果更佳;自由加速阶段,WAC对CO、NO_(x)和HC的净化作用主要表现为降低车辆加速过程中气体污染物排放的峰值,最高分别可达70.6%、50.0%和38.6%。

Experimental characterization of the removal efficiency and energy effectiveness of central air cleaners

This study assessed six commercially available in-duct air cleaning devices which are designed to be mounted in the central ventilation system of offices or commercial buildings.The selected devices use different air cleaning technologies:mechanical filtration,electrostatic precipitation,gas filtration,ionization/cold plasma,photocatalytic oxidation(PCO)and catalysis under UV light.They were tested against particles,a mixture of volatile organic compounds containing acetone,acetaldehyde,toluene,heptane and formaldehyde,and two bio-contaminants:Aspergillus brasiliensis(fungus)and Staphylococcus epidermidis(bacteria).Two different test rigs were used.The single pass efficiency of each device was determined for three airflow rates,corresponding to face velocities ranging from 0.9 to 2.7 m/s,and two sets of temperature and humidity that are representative of indoor air conditions in wintertime and summertime.The concentration of the chal-lenge volatile organic compounds was also varied in the 30 to 100μg/m^(3)range as a way to characterize their influence on efficiency at realistic concentration levels for non-industrial buildings.Measurements of ozone and formaldehyde concentration downstream of the air cleaners were carried out to determine the emission rate of by-products into the air stream.Finally,the energy issue was addressed by measuring the electric power drawn and pressure loss of the devices.The results showed that two devices,namely a radiant catalytic ionizer and a plasma ionizer,had a very low single pass efficiency against all the challenge pollutants.The association of the plasma ionizer and the electrostatic precipitator did not produce a synergetic effect between the two technologies either,contrary to what their manufacturer claims.Finally,three of the six devices tested were effective in terms of pollutant removal,but only two had an acceptable energy effectiveness in view of their use in low or zero energy buildings.Their energy effectiveness ranged from a few thousand m^(3)/kWh for VOCs at the highest airflow rate(3600 m^(3)/h),to more than 60000 m^(3)/kWh for particles and bio-contaminants at 1200 or 1600 m^(3)/h.These results are at least one order of magnitude higher than the majority of stand-alone air cleaners.Moreover,they suggest that optimal IAQ and energy conditions can be achieved if variable air volume control methods are used to maintain indoor temperature and humidity.

Key Technology and Experimental Results of the Clean Air Heated Facility for Supersonic Combustion

The scramjet, which is the propulsion of hypersonic vehicle, has become the focus in many military developed countries. The ground tests play an important role in the research of scramjet. There is defect of test medium contamination （the thermochemical characteristic of the ground test medium is different from that of the flight medium） in existing ground test facilities for scramjet combustor experiment. To solve the problem of test medium contamination, the first clean air heated facility of China for scramjet combustor experiment is designed. The key technology of designing the clean air heated facility is summarized. By using bypass duct, combustor model is protected from high temperature. To reduce the switching time between main duct and bypass duct, solenoid valve and water-cooled system were used. Having centrosymmetric structure, the heat radiating area of the facility and heat loss of the facility are much lower than others. Clean air heated facility is adopted to conduct experiment, which is the first experiment of China in clean air inflow, research on hydrogen-fueled and ethylene-fueled ignition and combustion for scramjet combustor at different equivalence ratio. Successful ignition and sustained combustion of hydrogen has been achieved. Successful ethylene ignition and sustained main stream combustion is achieved with normal fuel injection and taking hydrogen as pilot flame. Experiment result shows that the wall pressure of combustor model rises when the equivalence ratio of hydrogen rises. As the wall pressure of combustor model rises, the pressure disturbance influences the shock train in the upstream.

Clean Air Act:Awareness and Opinions Among Marine Engineering Students

This study aims to determine the awareness and opinions on Clean Air Act among marine engineering students at maritime university,specifically,John B.Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Molo,Iloilo City,Philippines.The participants of this study were 30 marine engineering students of the maritime university,especially JBLFMU-Molo for school year 2014-2015.Participants of the study were enrolled at the College of Maritime Education,JBLFMU-Molo,Iloilo City,Philippines.The researchers employed quantitative research design.The respondents’comments,suggestions,observations,and remarks on the perceived awareness and opinions on Clean Air Act were captured in this study.After gathering the qualitative information,the researchers classified and categorized the write-ups of the respondents into different categories.The results reveal that the participants of the present study were aware of the Clean Air Act as an entire group and when classified according to different categories.Most of the participants said that Clean Air Act protects the environment,followed by the participants who said that Clean Air Act can prevent air pollution.Next,in rank,the participants who said“it is good because you can go everywhere to inhale fresh air,followed by participants who said Clean Air Act can reduce the things that can harm the ozone layer,the last participants said that they never heard of Clean Air Act.

DRY CLEANING OF COAL WITH AIR DENSE MEDIUM FLUIDIZED BED

This paper deals with the experimental study of dry cleaning of coal with air dense medium fluidized bed. This technique opens up an efficient way of coal separation for vast areas in the country where water resources are in short supply or coals tend to slime seriously in wet process. Tests show that it can separate any kind of coal (6--50mm) efficiently. The probable error E, can reach 0.05--0.08. The separating density can be adjusted in the range of 1.0--2.0 g/cm^3. This technique brings about enormous economic benifits.

鲜食玉米收获机高净度清选智能测产装置研究

为改善国内小区鲜食玉米育种测产机械装备缺乏、小区鲜食玉米种子清选和测产过程完全依靠人工的现状,设计一种小区鲜食玉米种子高净度清选智能测产装置。该装置采用双层网筛、风力清选、智能测产流程完成高净度清选及测产作业,实现种子高净度清选和智能测产的作业要求。以上筛夹角、下筛夹角和螺旋分离装置入口风速为试验因素,以作业时千克籽粒含杂率为试验指标进行正交试验,建立因素与指标的响应面数学模型,并进行试验验证。结果表明:上筛夹角为14.0°,下筛夹角为4.0°,螺旋清选装置入口风速为27.0 m/s时为最佳作业组合,此参数组合下,鲜食玉米籽粒千克籽粒含杂率为1.2%,籽粒残留清理合格率为99.69%,测产平均误差为0.412%,籽粒含水率测量平均误差为3.57%,玉米种子千粒质量测量平均误差为0.276%。为小区鲜食玉米种子的高净度清选以及智能测产提供研究基础。

洁净手术室气流组织效果的影响因素综述

我国医院建设规模庞大、分布广泛,就医人数居世界第一,医疗洁净手术室空气洁净技术发展迅速。手术室的气流组织是其空气洁净技术的重要方面,与手术部位感染的关系一直存在争议。本文对手术室中的气流组织形式进行了综述。研究表明,层流通风和温控气流通风在去除携带细菌的颗粒方面具有优势,且层流通风对飞沫的控制能力更强。本文梳理了手术室内人员数量和位置、手术人员的动作和流动、医用设备的数量和发热量、人员着装和手术台次等因素对气流组织效果的影响。发现手术人员的动作和流动是相关研究的热点,气流组织与手术人员、患者热舒适的关联仍有待深入。未来研究方向包括手术室内局部气流组织与手术微环境空气质量的定量关系、新型气流组织形式和末端、个性化通风与手术人员热舒适等。

基于HACCP风险评估的制药洁净空调系统设计思路探讨

对标ISO 14644洁净室及相关受控环境系列标准,2021年我国洁净室行业的GB/T 25915系列标准也相应更新。本文对比分析了我国新旧版本GB/T 25915第1部分和第2部分关于洁净室及相关受控环境的标准变化,针对新标准中提出的风险评估要求,结合制药厂房洁净空调系统设计经验,将危害分析临界控制点(HACCP)的风险评估方法应用于制药洁净空调系统设计。根据风险评估结果总结了洁净空调系统的设计流程,重点以洁净空调系统设计风量为例,提出了在设计阶段预留基于粒子浓度的风量控制模块,在保证洁净室污染风险可控条件下为洁净空调系统节能设计提供一个新思路。

基于入户调查的农村民用源排放清单与清洁能源政策的减排效果

以全国农村生活燃料消费入户调查数据建立的能源消费模型为基础,模拟2015年我国县级煤炭与生物质消费水平,构建农村生活能源的温室气体与大气污染物排放清单.在此基础上,以2025年作为政策效应年份,评估农村生活能源清洁转型的减排效果.结果表明,2015年我国农村居民煤炭和生物质燃料的消耗量分别为169.5和242.0Mt,由此产生的PM_(2.5)、VOCs、SO_(2)、NO_(x)、CO、CO_(2)排放量分别为2.91Mt、1.98Mt、2.39Mt、524.3kt、43.0Mt和642.9Mt,其中河北省是排放最高的省份.到2025年,在无政策作用情景下,温室气体与空气污染物排放总量将比2015年下降约15%,而在清洁转型政策作用最为明显的北方采暖地区,相对于无政策作用情景,PM_(2.5)、VOCs、SO_(2)、NO_(x)、CO、CO_(2)的排放量分别下降76.0%、76.7%、75.6%、55.4%、76.6%、43.2%,具有较理想的污染减排效果.

清洁取暖政策试点的空气质量改善效应评估——基于三批试点地级市的准自然实验

为评估清洁取暖试点政策的空气质量改善效果,基于2014~2019年321个地级行政单位6年的平衡面板数据,采用多期双重差分(DID)方法对清洁取暖试点政策效果进行定量评估.研究发现,清洁取暖试点政策显著降低了城市空气污染水平,改善了空气质量,平均而言,试点城市的空气质量指数(AQI)比非试点城市显著低4.12;AQI,PM_(2.5),PM_(10)和SO_(2)分别下降了约5.49%,11.47%,12.65%和35.66%.这一结论在进行了一系列稳健性检验后依然成立.清洁取暖试点政策改善城市环境质量的内在机制在于,试点政策改变了城市居民采暖能源结构,减少了硫化物和颗粒物的排放.因此“十四五”期间应进一步扩大清洁取暖政策范围,增加财政投入,提高财政支出效率,降低清洁能源成本,推广清洁能源全覆盖.

Benefit of aerosol reduction to winter wheat during China's clean air action:A case study of Henan Province

A strongly declining aerosol radiative effect has been observed in China since 2013 after implementing the clean air action,yet its impact on wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production remains unclear.We use satellite measures and a biophysical crop model to assess the impact of aerosol-induced radiative perturbations on winter wheat production in the agricultural belt of Henan province from 2013 to 2018.After calibrating parameters with the extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test(EFAST)and the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation(GLUE)method,the DSSAT CERES-Wheat model was able to simulate crop biomass and yield more accurately.We found that the aerosol negatively impacted wheat biomass by 21.87%and yield by 22.48%from 2006 to 2018,and the biomass effects from planting to anthesis were more significant compared to anthesis to maturity.Due to the strict clean air action,under all-sky conditions,the surface solar shortwave radiation(SSR)in 2018 increased by about 7.08%over 2006-2013 during the wheat growing seasons.As a result of the improvement of crop photosynthesis,winter wheat biomass and yield increased by an average of 5.46%and 2.9%,respectively.Our findings show that crop carbon uptake and yield will benefit from the clean air action in China,helping to ensure national food and health security.

空气净化器甲醛净化能效的测量结果不确定度评定

净化能效作为评判空气净化器能耗高低的关键指标,更贴合国民需要。2023年5月1日GB/T 18801—2022《空气净化器》正式实施,新标准更改了净化器的能效要求,删除了能效分级,也提高了要求。因此,高能耗产品将因无法达标而被淘汰。本文主要依据标准中甲醛净化能效的测定方法,对测量结果的不确定度影响因素进行分析和评定。结果表明,仪器的重复性测量和示值误差引入的不确定度对测量结果的影响较大。

分段式制冷技术在洁净空调行业的应用分析

随着社会的发展和科技的进步,洁净空调机组在现代工业生产、医疗设施和实验室等领域得到了广泛的应用。分段式制冷作为一种高效、节能的制冷技术,在洁净空调机组上的应用越来越受到关注。本文主要分析了分段式制冷技术在洁净空调机组上的应用及其优势,探讨了分段式制冷技术在洁净空调机组中可能遇到的问题和解决方法,并对分段式制冷技术在洁净空调机组上的发展前景进行了展望。

北方地区清洁取暖政策与居民幸福感——基于空气质量改善效应的进一步评估

空气污染是中国可持续发展的严重挑战,对居民福祉造成了不可忽视的影响,这对空气污染治理提出了新要求。本文以清洁取暖政策为例,基于多时点DID模型以及固定效应有序Logit模型评估了2014—2021年间北方地区清洁取暖政策实施对空气质量以及居民幸福的影响,并对其中作用机制进行了梳理。结果表明,清洁取暖政策具有显著的空气质量改善效应,“煤改气”“煤改电”等清洁取暖工程的开展造成的能源消费结构的变化为空气质量改善作出了巨大贡献;基于空气质量的改善,清洁取暖政策进一步实现了提升居民幸福的社会效益,同时,居民幸福的提升还受到了个人主观环境污染认知、主观自评健康等因素的影响,这些都是清洁取暖政策效益的重要体现。在政策设计中,应逐步将居民福利纳入空气污染治理目标中,把空气污染治理的工作重心逐渐从大力追求环境效益转移到环境效益、经济效益与社会效益的协同提升上来。

微波组件用万级超净车间空调工程设计

该工程项目为微波、毫米波多芯片组件研制车间工程。为满足组件的高性能、高可靠性等技术要求,组件的装配环境是必须前提,必须建造万级超净车间。项目针对现有建筑的特点进行改造,运用温湿度独立控制系统(THIC)技术、下更换式风机过滤单元(FFU)安装技术、洁净实验室全自动化控制系统等技术,设计并建成1 000 m^(2)超净智能车间。可为类似工程设计提供一定的指导作用。