Residential air conditioning(RAC)loads have great potential to be included in demand response(DR)programs.This paper studies large-scale RAC loads participating in DR programs,such as modeling,parameters identificatio...Residential air conditioning(RAC)loads have great potential to be included in demand response(DR)programs.This paper studies large-scale RAC loads participating in DR programs,such as modeling,parameters identification,DR characteristics and control strategies.First,an aggregate model of large-scale RAC loads are established based on the buildings’performance with heat storage and insulation,avoiding the calculation of a single RAC model.Then,parameters of the aggregate model are identified based on the RACs’power and outdoor temperatures.Based on the aggregate model,DR characteristics of RAC loads are analyzed,including the dynamic relationship between power,outdoor and indoor temperature,and the potential of DR combined with the users’comfort.Next,the DR control strategies adapted for large-scale RAC loads are established by adjusting the temperature set-points.The DR strategies consider users’comfort and calculate the control signals of each RAC load according to the DR power,including adjustment temperature and adjustment time,which are sent to each RAC load for execution.In the DR process,the control center does not need to obtain the users’indoor temperature,which is conducive to protecting the users’privacy.DR strategies of RAC loads when the control degree within/beyond the DR potential are both proposed,and a load recovery control strategy is also introduced.Finally,the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model and DR control strategies are verified by simulation results.展开更多
This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy of air-conditioning loads(ACLs)for participating in peak load reduction.The hybrid control strategy combines the temperature setpoint adjustment(TSA)control and on/off con...This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy of air-conditioning loads(ACLs)for participating in peak load reduction.The hybrid control strategy combines the temperature setpoint adjustment(TSA)control and on/off control together to make full use of response potentials of ACLs.The primary free transport model of ACLs has been established in literature at or near a fixed temperature setpoint.In this paper,a wide-range transport(WRT)model suitable for larger value of TSA is proposed.The WRT model can be constructed easily through the parameter of devices and indoor and outdoor temperature.To modulate the aggregate response characteristics of ACLs more friendly to the power grid,the safe protocol(SP)is adopted and integrated into the WRT model,which achieves a good unification of oscillation suppression and efficient modeling.Moreover,the hybrid control strategy is implemented based on the WRT model,and the model predictive control(MPC)controller is designed considering the tracking error and control switch cost.At last,the superiority of the hybrid control strategy is verified and the performance of ACLs for peak load reduction under this controller is simulated.The simulation results show that the hybrid control strategy could exploit the load reduction potential of ACLs fully than the TSA mode and track the reference signal more accurately.展开更多
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China under Grant No.2016YFB0901100the National Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51577051the Science and Technology Project of SGCC“Research on the system for friendly supply-demand interaction between urban electric power customers and power grid”.
文摘Residential air conditioning(RAC)loads have great potential to be included in demand response(DR)programs.This paper studies large-scale RAC loads participating in DR programs,such as modeling,parameters identification,DR characteristics and control strategies.First,an aggregate model of large-scale RAC loads are established based on the buildings’performance with heat storage and insulation,avoiding the calculation of a single RAC model.Then,parameters of the aggregate model are identified based on the RACs’power and outdoor temperatures.Based on the aggregate model,DR characteristics of RAC loads are analyzed,including the dynamic relationship between power,outdoor and indoor temperature,and the potential of DR combined with the users’comfort.Next,the DR control strategies adapted for large-scale RAC loads are established by adjusting the temperature set-points.The DR strategies consider users’comfort and calculate the control signals of each RAC load according to the DR power,including adjustment temperature and adjustment time,which are sent to each RAC load for execution.In the DR process,the control center does not need to obtain the users’indoor temperature,which is conducive to protecting the users’privacy.DR strategies of RAC loads when the control degree within/beyond the DR potential are both proposed,and a load recovery control strategy is also introduced.Finally,the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model and DR control strategies are verified by simulation results.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFE0122200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020MS095).
文摘This paper proposes a hybrid control strategy of air-conditioning loads(ACLs)for participating in peak load reduction.The hybrid control strategy combines the temperature setpoint adjustment(TSA)control and on/off control together to make full use of response potentials of ACLs.The primary free transport model of ACLs has been established in literature at or near a fixed temperature setpoint.In this paper,a wide-range transport(WRT)model suitable for larger value of TSA is proposed.The WRT model can be constructed easily through the parameter of devices and indoor and outdoor temperature.To modulate the aggregate response characteristics of ACLs more friendly to the power grid,the safe protocol(SP)is adopted and integrated into the WRT model,which achieves a good unification of oscillation suppression and efficient modeling.Moreover,the hybrid control strategy is implemented based on the WRT model,and the model predictive control(MPC)controller is designed considering the tracking error and control switch cost.At last,the superiority of the hybrid control strategy is verified and the performance of ACLs for peak load reduction under this controller is simulated.The simulation results show that the hybrid control strategy could exploit the load reduction potential of ACLs fully than the TSA mode and track the reference signal more accurately.
