Fundamental metrology is closely tied to scientific advancement and requires well-equipped facilities to achieve low measurement uncertainty in rigorous experiments.Addressing the±0.1 K high-stability temperature...Fundamental metrology is closely tied to scientific advancement and requires well-equipped facilities to achieve low measurement uncertainty in rigorous experiments.Addressing the±0.1 K high-stability temperature control issue of the precision laboratory radiant air conditioning system,this study investigated the influence of different radiant panel area ratios,laying methods,cold source water supply temperature fluctuations,and external environmental disturbances by simulations.The results indicate that:(1)the larger the ratio of radiant panel area,the greater the fluctuation in equipment surface temperature;(2)the surface temperature of the measurement equipment can satisfy±0.1 K control temperature stability requirement when the fluctuations of the surface temperature of radiant panels and glass window are within±0.5 K and±1 K respectively without radiant panels on the ceiling;(3)the surface temperature of the measurement equipment can satisfy±0.1 K control temperature stability requirement when the fluctuations of the surface temperature of radiant panels and glass window are within±0.2 K and±2 K respectively with radiant panels on the ceiling.This study provides a reference for the design and operation control of air conditioning systems in fundamental metrology.展开更多
An air source heat pump(ASHP)with refrigerant injection is proposed for the air conditioning system of electric vehicles(EVs),especially for efficient heating in cold winter,when there is no wasted heat of engines.The...An air source heat pump(ASHP)with refrigerant injection is proposed for the air conditioning system of electric vehicles(EVs),especially for efficient heating in cold winter,when there is no wasted heat of engines.The simulation model is built with the framework of two-phase fluid network,where the compressor is separated as two compressors and the economizer is treated as two heat exchangers in the injection path and the main refrigerant path.With the validated simulation model,the heating performance is analyzed,and the results show that the coefficient of performance(COP)of ASHP with refrigerant injection is higher than 1.4 and the discharge temperature is less than 100℃ when the outdoor temperature is-20℃.The above performance ensures that the air conditioning system and EVs can operate normally with high efficiency even in the cold winter,which is much helpful for the practicability of EVs.展开更多
An actively water-cooled limiter has been designed for the long pulse operation of an HT-7 device, by adopting an integrated structure-doped graphite and a copper alloy heat sink with a super carbon sheet serving as a...An actively water-cooled limiter has been designed for the long pulse operation of an HT-7 device, by adopting an integrated structure-doped graphite and a copper alloy heat sink with a super carbon sheet serving as a compliant layer between them. The behaviors of the integrated structure were evaluated in an electron beam facility under different heat loads and cooling conditions. The surface temperature and bulk temperature distribution were carefully measured by optical pyrometers and thermocouples under a steady state heat flux of 1 to 5 MW/m^2 and a water flow rate of 3 m^3/h, 4.5 m^3/h and 6 m^3/h, respectively. It was found that the surface temperature increased rapidly with the heat flux rising, but decreased only slightly with the water flow rate rising. The surface temperature reached approximately 1200℃ at 5 MW/m^2 of heat flux and 6 m^3/h of water flow. The primary experimental results indicate that the integrated design meets the requirements for the heat expelling capacity of the HT-7 device. A set of numerical simulations was also completed, whose outcome was in good accord with the experimental results.展开更多
通过对综合性体育馆空调负荷分析,赛时及赛后负荷组成,空调负荷分布特点指导冷热源选型及多种能源形式配置。分析比赛区空间气流组织形式及围绕二次回风的设计方法。比较了多种能源方案及气流组织,对冷热源的设计选型原则及BIM(Building...通过对综合性体育馆空调负荷分析,赛时及赛后负荷组成,空调负荷分布特点指导冷热源选型及多种能源形式配置。分析比赛区空间气流组织形式及围绕二次回风的设计方法。比较了多种能源方案及气流组织,对冷热源的设计选型原则及BIM(Building Information Modeling,建筑信息模型)技术的应用进行总结。展开更多
基金support from the Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Program(Grant No.2022YFE0210200)Open Foundation of CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics,TIPC,(Grant No.CRYO202213)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2325016)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2023-MSBA-099).
文摘Fundamental metrology is closely tied to scientific advancement and requires well-equipped facilities to achieve low measurement uncertainty in rigorous experiments.Addressing the±0.1 K high-stability temperature control issue of the precision laboratory radiant air conditioning system,this study investigated the influence of different radiant panel area ratios,laying methods,cold source water supply temperature fluctuations,and external environmental disturbances by simulations.The results indicate that:(1)the larger the ratio of radiant panel area,the greater the fluctuation in equipment surface temperature;(2)the surface temperature of the measurement equipment can satisfy±0.1 K control temperature stability requirement when the fluctuations of the surface temperature of radiant panels and glass window are within±0.5 K and±1 K respectively without radiant panels on the ceiling;(3)the surface temperature of the measurement equipment can satisfy±0.1 K control temperature stability requirement when the fluctuations of the surface temperature of radiant panels and glass window are within±0.2 K and±2 K respectively with radiant panels on the ceiling.This study provides a reference for the design and operation control of air conditioning systems in fundamental metrology.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0601602)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51676199)
文摘An air source heat pump(ASHP)with refrigerant injection is proposed for the air conditioning system of electric vehicles(EVs),especially for efficient heating in cold winter,when there is no wasted heat of engines.The simulation model is built with the framework of two-phase fluid network,where the compressor is separated as two compressors and the economizer is treated as two heat exchangers in the injection path and the main refrigerant path.With the validated simulation model,the heating performance is analyzed,and the results show that the coefficient of performance(COP)of ASHP with refrigerant injection is higher than 1.4 and the discharge temperature is less than 100℃ when the outdoor temperature is-20℃.The above performance ensures that the air conditioning system and EVs can operate normally with high efficiency even in the cold winter,which is much helpful for the practicability of EVs.
基金The project partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10275069)
文摘An actively water-cooled limiter has been designed for the long pulse operation of an HT-7 device, by adopting an integrated structure-doped graphite and a copper alloy heat sink with a super carbon sheet serving as a compliant layer between them. The behaviors of the integrated structure were evaluated in an electron beam facility under different heat loads and cooling conditions. The surface temperature and bulk temperature distribution were carefully measured by optical pyrometers and thermocouples under a steady state heat flux of 1 to 5 MW/m^2 and a water flow rate of 3 m^3/h, 4.5 m^3/h and 6 m^3/h, respectively. It was found that the surface temperature increased rapidly with the heat flux rising, but decreased only slightly with the water flow rate rising. The surface temperature reached approximately 1200℃ at 5 MW/m^2 of heat flux and 6 m^3/h of water flow. The primary experimental results indicate that the integrated design meets the requirements for the heat expelling capacity of the HT-7 device. A set of numerical simulations was also completed, whose outcome was in good accord with the experimental results.
文摘通过对综合性体育馆空调负荷分析,赛时及赛后负荷组成,空调负荷分布特点指导冷热源选型及多种能源形式配置。分析比赛区空间气流组织形式及围绕二次回风的设计方法。比较了多种能源方案及气流组织,对冷热源的设计选型原则及BIM(Building Information Modeling,建筑信息模型)技术的应用进行总结。