Indoor air pollution(IAP) is a key contributor to the global burden of disease mainly in developing countries. The use of solid fuel for cooking and heating is the main source of IAP in developing countries, accountin...Indoor air pollution(IAP) is a key contributor to the global burden of disease mainly in developing countries. The use of solid fuel for cooking and heating is the main source of IAP in developing countries, accounting for an estimated 3.5 million deaths and 4.5% of Disability-Adjusted Life Years in 2010. Other sources of IAP include indoor smoking, infiltration of pollutants from outdoor sources and substances emitted from an array of human utilities and biological materials. Children are among the most vulnerable groups for adverse effects of IAP. The respiratory system is a primary target of air pollutants resulting in a wide range of acute and chronic effects. The spectrum of respiratory adverse effects ranges from mild subclinical changes and mild symptoms to life threatening conditions and even death. However, IAP is a modifiable risk factor having potential mitigating interventions. Possible interventions range from simple be-havior change to structural changes and from shifting of unclean cooking fuel to clean cooking fuel. Shifting from use of solid fuel to clean fuel invariably reduces the household air pollution in developing countries, but such a change is challenging. This review aims to summarize the available information on IAP exposure during childhood and its effects on respiratory health in developing countries. It specifically discusses the common sources of IAP, susceptibility of children to air pollution, mechanisms of action, common respiratory conditions, preventive and mitigating strategies.展开更多
Objective: Little evidence is available on the association between ozone exposure and health in Campo Grande, Brazil. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of surface ozone concentrations (O3) on respiratory ...Objective: Little evidence is available on the association between ozone exposure and health in Campo Grande, Brazil. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of surface ozone concentrations (O3) on respiratory morbidity in Campo Grande, Brazil during the period from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2011. Methods: Daily data on respiratory hospital admissions, O3, mean temperature, and relative humidity were collected at Campo Grande, Brazil. A Poisson time series model was used to examine the effects of O3 on hospital admissions, while controlling for seasonality, long-term trend, temperature and relative humidity. A distributed lag non-linear function was used for O3, temperature, and relative humidity. We examined the effects of O3 on different age groups (0 - 4 years, 5 - 60 years and >60 years). Results: The ozone-respiratory morbidity relationship was non-linear, with a threshold at 13 ppb (less than 25% percentile of ozone distribution). We estimated the relative risk of hospital admission at 75% percentile of O3 distribution compared with associated with 25% of percentile of O3 distribution. The O3 effect on respiratory morbidity was delayed by two days and lasted for 4 days for all age groups except people aged 5 - 60 years. Children and the elderly were much more vulnerable to ozone pollution than people aged 5 - 60 years. Conclusions: This study suggests that ozone pollution has negative impacts on respiratory diseases in Campo Grande, Brazil. Children and the elderly were susceptible to O3 exposure. These findings should be used to develop policies for protecting people from O3 pollution.展开更多
目的将家庭室内空气污染物对儿童认知功能发展的影响进行系统综述,以明确二者之间的关系。方法通过计算机检索2000年1月—2023年7月中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中文科技期刊数据库、Spischolar学术资源在线、Google学术、PubMed、...目的将家庭室内空气污染物对儿童认知功能发展的影响进行系统综述,以明确二者之间的关系。方法通过计算机检索2000年1月—2023年7月中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中文科技期刊数据库、Spischolar学术资源在线、Google学术、PubMed、Web of Science、SpringerLink以及Cochrane Library 9个数据库中有关家庭室内空气污染物对儿童认知功能发展影响的文献,根据参考文献回溯并手工进行检索,提取相关数据并加以分析。结果共获取有效文献18篇,来自10个国家,均为英文文献。其中,队列研究10篇,横断面调查研究6篇,随机对照研究和病例对照研究各1篇。研究对象年龄为11个月~14岁。与儿童认知功能相关的家庭室内空气污染物主要包括燃气烹饪及固体生物燃料烹饪所产生的污染物(一氧化碳、二氧化氮等)、烟草烟雾、可吸入微颗粒物(PM10、PM2.5)、挥发性有机化合物、多氯联苯及潮湿、霉菌、杀虫剂、宠物所产生的污染物。结论家庭室内空气污染物通过小胶质细胞激活、氧化应激和神经炎症、肠道生态失调等损害正在发育中的儿童中枢神经系统功能,从而导致儿童语言表达能力、大运动能力、精细运动能力降低,多动症/注意力不集中问题的风险增加,流体智力(知觉、记忆、运算速度、推理能力)下降,对儿童远期发展造成不可估量的负面影响。展开更多
文摘Indoor air pollution(IAP) is a key contributor to the global burden of disease mainly in developing countries. The use of solid fuel for cooking and heating is the main source of IAP in developing countries, accounting for an estimated 3.5 million deaths and 4.5% of Disability-Adjusted Life Years in 2010. Other sources of IAP include indoor smoking, infiltration of pollutants from outdoor sources and substances emitted from an array of human utilities and biological materials. Children are among the most vulnerable groups for adverse effects of IAP. The respiratory system is a primary target of air pollutants resulting in a wide range of acute and chronic effects. The spectrum of respiratory adverse effects ranges from mild subclinical changes and mild symptoms to life threatening conditions and even death. However, IAP is a modifiable risk factor having potential mitigating interventions. Possible interventions range from simple be-havior change to structural changes and from shifting of unclean cooking fuel to clean cooking fuel. Shifting from use of solid fuel to clean fuel invariably reduces the household air pollution in developing countries, but such a change is challenging. This review aims to summarize the available information on IAP exposure during childhood and its effects on respiratory health in developing countries. It specifically discusses the common sources of IAP, susceptibility of children to air pollution, mechanisms of action, common respiratory conditions, preventive and mitigating strategies.
文摘Objective: Little evidence is available on the association between ozone exposure and health in Campo Grande, Brazil. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of surface ozone concentrations (O3) on respiratory morbidity in Campo Grande, Brazil during the period from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2011. Methods: Daily data on respiratory hospital admissions, O3, mean temperature, and relative humidity were collected at Campo Grande, Brazil. A Poisson time series model was used to examine the effects of O3 on hospital admissions, while controlling for seasonality, long-term trend, temperature and relative humidity. A distributed lag non-linear function was used for O3, temperature, and relative humidity. We examined the effects of O3 on different age groups (0 - 4 years, 5 - 60 years and >60 years). Results: The ozone-respiratory morbidity relationship was non-linear, with a threshold at 13 ppb (less than 25% percentile of ozone distribution). We estimated the relative risk of hospital admission at 75% percentile of O3 distribution compared with associated with 25% of percentile of O3 distribution. The O3 effect on respiratory morbidity was delayed by two days and lasted for 4 days for all age groups except people aged 5 - 60 years. Children and the elderly were much more vulnerable to ozone pollution than people aged 5 - 60 years. Conclusions: This study suggests that ozone pollution has negative impacts on respiratory diseases in Campo Grande, Brazil. Children and the elderly were susceptible to O3 exposure. These findings should be used to develop policies for protecting people from O3 pollution.
文摘目的将家庭室内空气污染物对儿童认知功能发展的影响进行系统综述,以明确二者之间的关系。方法通过计算机检索2000年1月—2023年7月中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中文科技期刊数据库、Spischolar学术资源在线、Google学术、PubMed、Web of Science、SpringerLink以及Cochrane Library 9个数据库中有关家庭室内空气污染物对儿童认知功能发展影响的文献,根据参考文献回溯并手工进行检索,提取相关数据并加以分析。结果共获取有效文献18篇,来自10个国家,均为英文文献。其中,队列研究10篇,横断面调查研究6篇,随机对照研究和病例对照研究各1篇。研究对象年龄为11个月~14岁。与儿童认知功能相关的家庭室内空气污染物主要包括燃气烹饪及固体生物燃料烹饪所产生的污染物(一氧化碳、二氧化氮等)、烟草烟雾、可吸入微颗粒物(PM10、PM2.5)、挥发性有机化合物、多氯联苯及潮湿、霉菌、杀虫剂、宠物所产生的污染物。结论家庭室内空气污染物通过小胶质细胞激活、氧化应激和神经炎症、肠道生态失调等损害正在发育中的儿童中枢神经系统功能,从而导致儿童语言表达能力、大运动能力、精细运动能力降低,多动症/注意力不集中问题的风险增加,流体智力(知觉、记忆、运算速度、推理能力)下降,对儿童远期发展造成不可估量的负面影响。
