Short-range clutter suppression method combining oblique projection and interpolation in airborne CFA radar

The airborne conformal array(CFA)radar's clutter ridges are range-modulated,which result in a bias in the estimation of the clutter covariance matrix(CCM)of the cell under test(CUT),further,reducing the clutter suppression performance of the airborne CFA radar.The clutter ridges can be effectively compensated by the space-time separation interpolation(STSINT)method,which costs less computation than the space-time interpolation(STINT)method,but the performance of interpolation algorithms is seriously affected by the short-range clutter,especially near the platform height.Location distributions of CFA are free,which yields serious impact that range spaces of steering vector matrices are non-orthogonal complement and even no longer disjoint.Further,a new method is proposed that the shortrange clutter is pre-processed by oblique projection with the intersected range spaces(OPIRS),and then clutter data after being pre-processed are compensated to the desired range bin through the STSINT method.The OPIRS also has good compatibility and can be used in combination with many existing methods.At the same time,oblique projectors of OPIRS can be obtained in advance,so the proposed method has almost the same computational load as the traditional compensation method.In addition,the proposed method can perform well when the channel error exists.Computer simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

SPACE-TIME ADAPTIVE PROCESSING FOR AIRBORNE RADAR:A CONVENIENT IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH

A convenient implementation approach to space-time adaptive processing for airborne radar has been proposed, which is added by some auxiliary array elements in the area of main-lobe clutter on the basis of 2-D Capon approach . It is of practical use for its small computational load. This approach possesses the ideal performance in the area of main-lobe clutter . In addition, the approach which is added by some auxiliary beams in the area of main-lobe clutter has also been discussed.

ON CLUTTER DOF FOR PHASED ARRAY AIRBORNE EARLY ARNING RADARS

In recent years,considerable attention has been paid to adaptive clutter suppressionfor airborne early warning(AEW)radars.A necessary condition for efficient clutter suppressionis that the number of adaptive degrees of freedom(DOF)is no less than that of clutter DOF.This paper analyzes the DOF of clutter for phased array AEW radars.The new results obtainedhere are helpful to design an adaptive system for clutter suppression.

A NEW METHOD TO COMPENSATE CLUTTER RANGE DEPENDENCE FOR FORWARD LOOKING AIRBORNE RADARS

The clutter direction-Doppler curves are not aligned on the near range bins for forward looking airborne radar. As a result, the performance of clutter suppression by Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) degrades greatly because of the clutter range dependence. To deal with this problem, a new compensated method is proposed in this paper. The method rebuilds the clutter covariance matrix based on spatial high resolution Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) spectrum, and then finds a matrix to transform the covariance matrix of short-range gate to the referred far-range gate. The method can compensate the clutter range dependence well. The simulation results show validity of the method.

IMPROVED DOPPLER WARPING METHOD FOR AIRBORNE RADAR WITH NON-SIDELOOKING ARRAY

Traditional range-dependency compensation space time adaptive processing(STAP)methods usually involve aligning the clutter spectrums in a certain point to reduce the clutter non-homogeneity.A novel compensation STAP method is proposed as an improved Doppler warping(DW)method for airborne radar with non-sidelooking radar.This method facilitates DW method to bring clutter spectrum of different range gates together in the mainlobe and subsequently compensation to accomplish space angle of different range gates alignment at multiple Doppler bins.Simulation results show that the proposed method can further reduce the clutter non-homogeneity of non-sidelooking array and significantly outperform traditional algorithms with only a little increase of the computation load.

Clutter Suppression Method in GPR Using the Convergence of Matrix Entropy

A novel clutter suppression method in ground penetrating radar （GPR） is proposed. The preliminary result is obtained by using target resolution improved processing （TRIP）. The preliminary result will be used as an initial input for TRIP iteration. All TRIP iteration steps are the adaptive linear combination of the previous TRIP result and the preliminary result. This adaptive combination strategy can balance clutter suppression and target information protection, which is considered as a troublesome contradiction and a chronic problem in clutter suppression research. When the matrix entropy of iteration result converges, the algorithm can achieve a good result both in clutter suppression and target protection. Experimental results demonstrate that the new algorithm outperforms the existing approaches.

Experimental Research of Dual-Polarization Passive Radar Based on DTTB Signal

The passive radar is a hot research topic. A multi-channel wideband passive radar experimental system is designed and the digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) signal is chosen to carry out the target detection experiment of civil aviation aircraft. The polarization and spatial filtering methods are used to solve the strong direct path interference suppression problems brought by the receiving system location;combined with the characteristics of DTTB signal, the block length selection interval in the block batch processing method for range-Doppler images calculation is given;the clutter suppression performance is compared through the experimental data receiving from different bistatic polarization channels, the conclusion is different from the monostatic radar and it can guide the passive radar experiment.

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL JOINT FILTERP ROCESSING APPROACH FOR PHASED ARRAY AIRBORNE EARLY WARNING RADARS

To suppress the ground clutter for airborne early warning (AEW) radars is the key technique in radar signal processing. In this paper, a spatial-temporal nonadaptive joint filter processing approach is proposed to suppress the clutter for AEW radars, which can significantly reduce the computation compared with other optimal or suboptimal methods. The performance of this approach is better than that of the conventional cascaded nonadaptive processing, especially.

BACKSIDE EFFECT OF BISTATIC AIRBORNE CLUTTER CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN GMTI

An interesting clutter characteristic of bistatic radars is presented, which is named as backside effect. In such an effect, the range-dependent ground clutter spectrum can be easily aligned, and Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) is to be more applicable and effective for the Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) in bistatic systems. The backside effect is proved by the numerical calculation method and explained in point of the geometry. At last a new spectrum aligning method is induced, i.e., ADC and Rotation (ADCR), which can gain a further performance improvement on GMTI.

METHOD FOR ALONG-TRACK DUAL-ANTENNA AIRBORNE RADAR'S GMTI WHEN THE ATENNA ERROR CHANGES PULSE TO PULSE

This paper presents a joint method of Doppler Beam Sharpen (DBS) imaging and Signal Subspace Processing (SSP) to achieve Ground Moving Target Indication(GMTI) for along- track dual-antenna airborne radar. When the error of the two antennas (also refers to channels) changes pulse to pulse, the method SSP is used to precisely calibrate the two antennas’ DBS images, then to detect the ground moving targets in the difference image of the two calibrated images. The method DBS-SSP is proved to offer performance improvement on the actually measured data and simulated data.

An Algorithm for Ship Wake Detection from the SAR Images Using the Radon Transform and Morphological Image Processing

Using the Radon transform and morphological image processing, an algorithm for ship's wake detection in the SAR (synthetic aperture radar) image is developed. Being manipulated in the Radon space to invert the gray-level and binary images, the linear texture of ship wake in oceanic clutter can be well detected. It has been applied to the automatic detection of a moving ship from the SEASAT SAR image. The results show that this algorithm is well robust in a strong noisy background and is not very sensitive to the threshold parameter and the working window size.

NEW METHOD FOR REDUCED RANK STAP—NON CLUTTER CHANNEL METHOD

For reduced-rank space-time adaptive processing(STAP) in airborne radar, this paper presents a new method — non clutter channel(NCC） method which is easy to implement in real radar systems. The NCC method uses those “channels” located in the non-clutter domain to construct the reduce-rank transformation matrix. This method avoids eigen-decomposition and the computational cost is very low. The performance is compared with that of several other methods; the simulation demonstrates that the NCC method can well approach the optimum performance and even outperform some more complex methods in low rank.

Improved Multistage Wiener Filters in Nonhomogeneous Clutter Environments

A new method combining space-time preprocessing with multistage Wiener filters（STPMWF）is proposed to improve the performance of space-time adaptive processing（STAP）in nonhomogeneous clutter scenario.The new scheme only requires the data from the primary range bin,thus it can suppress discrete interferers efficiently,without calculating the inverse of covariance matrix.Comparing to the original MWF approach,the proposed scheme can be regarded as practical solutions for robust and effective STAP of nonhomogeneous radar data.The theoretical analysis shows that our STPMWF is simple in implementation and fast in convergence.The numeric results by using simulated data exhibit a good agreement with the proposed theory.

Novel polarimetric detector for target detection in heterogeneous clutter

A detection of static or slowly moving targets in the inhomogeneous clutter of polarimetric radar is researched and a new detector without exploiting the training set is developed, which has a good performance against the inhomogeneous clutter. The decision rule ensures the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) with respect to the disturbance covariance matrix. Numerical results show the robustness of the proposed method against the inhomogeneous clutter. © 2016 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

矿井探地雷达背景杂波抑制方法综述

随着中国煤炭安全高效智能开采需求的不断提升,矿井探地雷达(ground-penetrating radar, GPR)作为一种高精度物探方法,在煤矿井下探测中有广阔的应用前景。由于探地雷达目标回波信号受系统内部噪声、外部电磁干扰、巷道回波、地下介质不均匀等干扰影响,虚警率较高。尤其对于小尺寸目标,其回波信号为弱信号,容易淹没在强烈的背景杂波中,成为目前制约探地雷达探测性能的主要因素之一,进一步实现井下煤层、构造探测、提高探测精度的关键在于对背景杂波的抑制。从对消法、滤波法、分解法和网络法出发,综述这些杂波抑制方法的基本原理、优缺点及其在探地雷达干扰抑制领域的研究进展,并探讨各种方法的适用范围和发展潜力。杂波抑制技术的不断创新将进一步提高探地雷达的信噪比与灵敏度,使其在煤矿井下探测中发挥更大的应用价值。

基于KA-SRCN-pSTAP的低空风切变风速估计方法

针对由于独立同分布(IID)样本严重不足,导致极化空时自适应(pSTAP)处理性能下降,进而导致低空风切变风速估计不准确的问题,本文提出了一种基于知识辅助的稀疏表示杂波零陷极化空时自适应(KA-SRCN-pSTAP)的低空风切变风速估计方法。该方法首先利用杂波脊的先验知识辅助构造极化空时稀疏字典,然后利用极化空时稀疏字典,通过SRCN算法挑选原子并对到杂波线性子空间补空间上的投影矩阵进行估计,从而得到pSTAP权矢量,最后构造pSTAP滤波器对地杂波进行抑制,准确估计低空风切变风速。该方法仅使用少量IID样本,将SRCN算法与极化-空时域相结合,完成对风切变风速的有效估计。仿真实验结果证明该方法可以有效实现少样本情况下的风速准确估计。

一种基于谱连续的极化-多普勒气象雷达信号重构方法

谱极化滤波技术广泛应用于气象雷达杂波抑制中,但是当地杂波与降雨目标混叠时,这些方法在滤除杂波的同时会损失气象信息。针对这一问题,提出一种基于谱连续的极化-多普勒气象雷达信号重构方法。该方法利用气象回波和杂波在距离-多普勒图上的特征差异实现气象目标的保留和杂波的滤除。具体是利用气象目标的多普勒速度和谱宽的空间连续性,采用多项式拟合和高斯拟合的方法补偿降雨区域。业务气象雷达实测数据验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于稀疏恢复的双基地机载雷达杂波抑制方法

基于杂波谱稀疏恢复(sparse recovery,SR)的空时自适应处理(space-time adaptive processing,STAP)技术对训练样本个数要求低,适用于杂波非均匀环境。然而在双基地配置下,杂波脊不落在均匀网格点上,这将造成网格失配,严重影响SR-STAP方法性能。针对双基地机载雷达杂波的网格失配问题,提出了一种利用杂波脊先验信息划分非均匀网格的SR-STAP方法,所提方法首先由导航系统或参数估计方法获得待检测单元的杂波空时轨迹,然后根据杂波空时轨迹和均匀划分的空间频率确定初始归一化多普勒频率集合,接着根据可调参数更新归一化多普勒频率集合,最后构造对应的非均匀字典。所提方法可适用于任意双基地配置情况。仿真结果表明,应用非均匀字典的SR-STAP方法的杂波抑制性能较传统均匀字典有较大提升,并能在非理想条件下表现稳健。

机载双基雷达波束域杂波抑制方法

阵元域杂波补偿和抑制算法在阵元数增加时运算量急剧增大,采用同时多波束接收的空域降维方案能够显著降低系统复杂度,但波束域的机载双基雷达杂波非平稳性给杂波抑制带来了很大的困难,且波束域的补偿方法目前没有相关研究。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种适用于波束域的机载双基雷达非平稳杂波抑制方法。通过构造一个距离空变插值矩阵,对不同距离门的回波数据做不同的插值处理,实现了波束域距离非平稳性补偿,针对补偿后的数据采用波束域空时自适应处理方法,在降低复杂度的同时实现了有效的杂波抑制。仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。

基于EMD和KL变换的时空联合探地雷达杂波抑制

探地雷达接收信号中由于环境等原因存在多种杂波干扰,这给地下异常解释与后期成像处理造成很大障碍。杂波主要包括噪声、天线耦合波、地表直达波等,单一的处理方式很难将其有效去除。针对此问题,提出从时间和空间两方面对杂波进行抑制的方法。时间维针对回波剖面中每个测点的数据进行经验模态分解阈值处理,达到对噪声的有效去除。空间维针对整个雷达回波剖面,利用各测点目标回波具有相关性而杂波等随机产生的特点,进行KL变换去除残余干扰。理论仿真及实测数据处理结果均验证了该方法对去杂波以及突出弱信号是有效的。