基于MEA-BP神经网络的多孔质轴承参数优化

为了提高圆盘类多孔质静压止推轴承的静态特性,采用思维进化算法(MEA)优化反向传播(BP)神经网络,创建圆盘类多孔质静压止推轴承静态特性的预测模型,完成轴承静态承载力、静刚度以及耗气量的高精度预测,其预测误差分别低于2%、5%以及5%。基于此模型,以最大化静态承载力和静刚度、最小化耗气量为优化目标值,采用遗传算法对轴承的多孔质参数组合进行多目标优化,实现轴承参数的快速优化设计。优化结果表明:此轴承静态承载力提高了64.53%,静刚度提高了31.93%,耗气量降低了56.52%。

The Contribution of United States Aircraft Reconnaissance Data to the China Meteorological Administration Tropical Cyclone Intensity Data:An Evaluation of Homogeneity

This paper investigates the homogeneity of United States aircraft reconnaissance data and the impact of these data on the homogeneity of the tropical cyclone(TC)best track data for the seasons 1949-1987 generated by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA).The evaluation of the reconnaissance data shows that the minimum central sea level pressure(MCP)data are relatively homogeneous,whereas the maximum sustained wind(MSW)data show both overestimations and spurious abrupt changes.Statistical comparisons suggest that both the reconnaissance MCP and MSW were well incorporated into the CMA TC best track dataset.Although no spurious abrupt changes were evident in the reconnaissance-related best track MCP data,two spurious changepoints were identified in the remainder of the best-track MCP data.Furthermore,the influence of the reconnaissance MSWs seems to extend to the best track MSWs unrelated to reconnaissance,which might reflect the optimistic confidence in making higher estimates due to the overestimated extreme wind“observations”.In addition,the overestimation of either the reconnaissance MSWs or the best track MSWs was greater during the early decades compared to later decades,which reflects the important influence of reconnaissance data on the CMA TC best track dataset.The wind-pressure relationship(WPR)used in the CMA TC best track dataset is also evaluated and is found to overestimate the MSW,which may lead to inhomogeneity within the dataset between the aircraft reconnaissance era and the satellite era.

苦参碱联合壬二酰胺MEA治疗玫瑰痤疮的临床疗效分析

目的探讨苦参碱与壬二酰胺MEA为主要组合物治疗玫瑰痤疮的安全性及疗效。方法以18-60岁的30例玫瑰痤疮患者为研究对象,连续使用测试产品4周,通过医生评估、受试者自评、图像拍摄以及仪器测试,评价测试样品是否具有修护皮肤屏障、舒缓褪红等功效。结果在本试验条件下,该测试产品用于面部玫瑰痤疮人群中,具有较高的安全性,严格按产品说明书使用4周,具有显著性的保湿、修护皮肤屏障、舒缓褪红等功效(P<0.05),并在一定程度上可以改善玫瑰痤疮患者面部皮肤的客观症状和体征。结论苦参碱联合壬二酰胺MEA对于玫瑰痤疮导致的红肿、潮红、皮肤炎症有显著的改善效果,并且安全性高。

壬二酰胺MEA与阿地米屈的美白及抑菌功效研究

对壬二酰胺MEA与阿地米屈的痤疮丙酸杆菌抑菌效果和美白活性进行研究并对比。以测定抑菌率及MBC值来评价其抑菌效果;以抑制黑色素变化量以及酪氨酸酶活性效果,测定美白活性。实验结果表明:壬二酰胺MEA在2.0 mg/mL浓度下对酪氨酸酶活性抑制率为65.96%、黑色素变化量降低24.90%,对痤疮丙酸杆菌的MBC值为10.0 mg/mL、此浓度下抑菌率达到93.26%。阿地米屈基本不会抑制细胞黑色素生成,其MBC值为10.0 mg/mL,抑菌率为98.78%。壬二酰胺MEA对痤疮丙酸杆菌具有良好的抑菌作用及美白活性,更适合在治疗痤疮及美白产品中应用。

Asbestos Exposure during Gasket Removal from Aircraft Engine

We have previously evaluated asbestos exposure associated with various maintenance procedures on light aircraft. The purpose of this study was to evaluate asbestos exposure during engine maintenance on light aircraft. This test was designed to evaluate the potential for asbestos exposure to mechanics and others who remove asbestos-containing engine gaskets from reciprocating style aircraft engines. Utilized in this test was an air cooled, horizontally opposed, aviation gasoline burning engine, assembled during 1986 and operated intermittently up into 2015, having accumulated 1680 hours run time. Nearly 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets installed during 1986 were still in place at the time of testing. Chrysotile asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged from 55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet style and 5% by area, for the spiral wound metal/asbestos style. Despite the levels of effort required to effect gasket removals, the professional aircraft mechanic was not exposed to airborne asbestos fibers at the lower limits of sampling and analytical detection achieved;all of which were substantially less than the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limits for asbestos. The results of this testing indicate an absence of gasket related asbestos exposure risk to mechanics who work with light aircraft engines, including those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These results are consistent with the findings of Mlyarek and Van Orden who studied the asbestos exposure risk occasioned during overhaul of larger radial style reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

A Two-Stage Scenario-Based Robust Optimization Model and a Column-Row Generation Method for Integrated Aircraft Maintenance-Routing and Crew Rostering

Motivated by a critical issue of airline planning process,this paper addresses a new two-stage scenario-based robust optimization in operational airline planning to cope with uncertainty and possible flight disruptions.Following the route network scheme and generated flight timetables,aircraft maintenance routing and crew scheduling are critical factors in airline planning and operations cost management.This study considers the simultaneous assignment of aircraft fleet and crew to the scheduled flight while satisfying a set of operational constraints,rules,and regulations.Considering multiple locations for airline maintenance and crew bases,we solve the problem of integrated Aircraft Maintenance Routing and Crew Rostering(AMRCR)to achieve the minimum airline cost.One real challenge to the efficiency of the planning results is the possible disruptions in the initial scheduled flights.Due to the fact that disruption scenarios are expressed discretely with a specified probability,and we provide adjustable decisions under disruption to deal with this disruption risk,we provide a Two-Stage Scenario-Based Robust Optimization(TSRO)model.In this model,here-and-now or first-stage variables are the initial resource assignment.Furthermore,to adapt itself to different disruption scenarios,the model considers some adjustable variables,such as the decision to cancel the flight in case of disruption,as wait-and-see or second-stage variables.Considering the complexity of integrated models,and the scenario-based decomposable structure of the TRSO model to solve it with better computational performance,we apply the column and row generation(CRG)method that iteratively considers the disruption scenarios.The numerical results confirm the applicability of the proposed TSRO model in providing the AMRCR problem with an integrated and robust solution with an acceptable level of computational tractability.To evaluate the proposed TSRO model,which solves the AMRCR problem in an integrated and robust manner,five Key Performance Indicators(KPIs)like Number of delayed/canceled flights,Average delay time,and Average profit are taken into account.As key results driven by conducting a case study,we show the proposed TSRO model has substantially improved the solutions at all indicators compared with those of the sequential/non-integrated and nominal/non-robust models.The simulated instances used to assess the performance of the proposed model and CRG method reveal that both CPLEX and the CRG method exhibit comparable and nearly optimal performance for small-scale problems.However,for large-scale instances the proposed TSRO model falls short in terms of computational efficiency.Conversely,the proposed CRG method is capable of significantly reducing computational time and the optimality gap to an acceptable level.

基于MEA碳捕集过程的溶剂降解模型研究

目的吸收剂降解是工业烟气碳捕集过程中普遍存在的问题。目前,关于乙醇胺(MEA)溶剂降解的研究主要集中于单一的降解过程,缺乏对MEA溶剂降解过程完整机理模型的研究。提出了一种综合考虑MEA氧化降解和热降解的溶剂降解模型,使其能够更为准确地预测实际工业生产过程。方法建立了反应器的动态模型,并利用粒子群(PSO)算法,基于MEA溶剂降解的实验数据,构建了数据驱动的MEA溶剂降解模型。基于实际工厂数据,建立了一个包含MEA溶剂降解过程的稳态模型,并对关键设备中溶剂的降解情况进行了详细分析。在此基础之上,讨论了工艺参数对溶剂降解的影响,并提出在实际生产过程中有效降低溶剂降解的操作方法与建议。结果该模型的预测结果和实际工业生产数据较为吻合,可有效预测工业烟气碳捕集过程中MEA溶剂的降解情况,并在优化工艺操作参数方面表现出较大的潜力。结论该模型的建立可为碳捕集的模拟研究和工艺设计提供重要的参考。

Analysis and Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Quad Tilt Rotor Aircraft

For the quad tilt rotor aircraft, a computational fluid dynamics method based on multiple reference frames (MRF) was used to analyze the influence of aerodynamic layout parameters on the aerodynamic characteristics of the quad tilt rotor aircraft. Firstly, a numerical simulation method for the interference flow field of the quad tilt rotor aircraft is established. Based on this method, the aerodynamic characteristics of isolated rotors, rotor combinations at different lateral positions on the wing, and rotor rotation directions under different inflow velocities were calculated and analyzed, in order to grasp their aerodynamic interference laws and provide reference for the design and control theory research of such aircraft.

Assessment of Meteorological Threats to the Coordinated Search and Rescue of Unmanned/Manned Aircraft

The architecture and working principle of coordinated search and rescue system of unmanned/manned aircraft,which is composed of manned/unmanned aircraft and manned aircraft,were first introduced,and they can cooperate with each other to complete a search and rescue task.Secondly,a threat assessment method based on meteorological data was proposed,and potential meteorological threats,such as storms and rainfall,can be predicted by collecting and analyzing meteorological data.Finally,an experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in different scenarios.The experimental results show that the coordinated search and rescue system of unmanned/manned aircraft can be used to effectively assess meteorological threats and provide accurate search and rescue guidance.

基于MEA评估框架的混流式水轮机健康状态动态评估

为了对混流式水轮机安全运行状态进行评估,根据混流式水轮机检修记录和在线监测信号,构建健康状态评估体系;基于组合赋权法和MEA评估框架,构建混流式水轮机健康状态动态评估模型;并以某重点调水工程水电站的混流式水轮机为例,进行实证研究。结果表明,基于MEA评估框架的混流式水轮机健康状态评估体系具有适用性和合理性。研究结果可为混流式水轮机健康状态评估提供参考与借鉴。

基于MEA/烟气CO_(2)捕集系统的工艺模拟和吸收塔高度对模拟的影响分析

目的对MEA/烟气CO_(2)捕集系统进行工艺模拟计算,研究分析理论塔板数和填料高度对模拟计算的影响。方法采用Aspen HYSYS软件,对吸收塔采用不同填料高度和不同理论塔板数分别在溶液循环量为30 m^(3)/h和40 m^(3)/h时进行模拟计算,对CO_(2)捕集率、再生能耗等结果进行对比分析。结果当吸收塔理论塔板数为20或25时,CO_(2)捕集率模拟值偏低。当吸收塔理论塔板数为20时,再生能耗为采用252Y规整填料(填料高度10 m)吸收塔的1.61~1.87倍,为采用50 mm鲍尔环填料吸收塔(填料高度15 m)的1.53~1.78倍。当吸收塔理论塔板数为25时,再生能耗为采用252Y规整填料(填料高度10 m)吸收塔的1.31~1.38倍,为采用50 mm鲍尔环填料(填料高度15 m)吸收塔的1.24~1.32倍。对于30%(w)的MEA/烟气吸收体系,252Y规整填料高度的临界值为10 m,50 mm鲍尔环填料高度的临界值为15 m;模拟再生能耗为4.10~4.31 GJ/t CO_(2)。结论当吸收塔理论塔板数为20或25时,再生能耗模拟计算值偏高,Aspen HYSYS软件在能耗模拟方面适应性较差。采用Aspen HYSYS模拟计算时,建议先对吸收塔结构参数定义后再进行系统模拟,可得到相对准确的模拟计算结果。

基于RF-MEA-Elman的埋地腐蚀管道剩余寿命精度预测研究

针对传统腐蚀管道预测方法适应性差及精度低等问题,提出一种随机森林算法(RF)、思维进化法(MEA)及Elman相结合的模型(即RF-MEA-Elman模型)。首先采用RF对管道数据预处理,运用MEA对Elman神经网络的权值和阈值参数进行寻优,以此建立腐蚀管道剩余寿命组合预测模型。选取某一管段为例,借助MATLAB进行仿真训练与预测。结果表明,该模型与其他两种传统单一模型相比误差小且有更高的预测精度及泛化能力,为管道剩余寿命研究提供了新思路,也为油气输送系统风险防范和维修管理提供了参考依据。

MEA二元复合胺溶液对CO_(2)吸收的研究进展

全球温室效应日益加剧,CO_(2)减排刻不容缓,乙醇胺(MEA)法作为目前工业上应用最广泛、技术最成熟的烟气CO_(2)吸收方法,具有吸收速率快、成本低的优点,但是其能耗大、吸收量小和易损耗的缺点也很明显。针对目前常见的MEA二元复合胺溶液展开对比分析,阐述了MEA二元复合胺溶液的研究进展,总结了MEA吸收溶液中加入其他醇胺溶液形成二元复合胺溶液后在吸收速率、吸收量和再生能耗等方面对CO_(2)吸收效果不同程度的改善情况。基于总结与分析,提出了吸收剂开发需要从吸收机理、溶解度、吸收负荷、解吸速率、解吸操作条件以及再生能耗等方面进行综合比选的思路,可为新型吸收剂的开发提供一定的指导。

Aircraft Measurements of Cloud–Aerosol Interaction over East Inner Mongolia

To investigate the potential effects of aerosols on the microphysical properties of warm clouds, airborne observational data collected from 2009 to 2011 in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China, were statistically analyzed in this study. The results demonstrated that the vertical distribution of the aerosol number concentration（N_a） was similar to that of the clean rural continent. The average aerosol effective diameter（D_e） was maintained at approximately 0.4 μm at all levels. The data obtained during cloud penetrations showed that there was a progressive increase in the cloud droplet concentration（N_c） and liquid water content（LWC） from outside to inside the clouds, while the Nawas negatively related to the Ncand LWC at the same height. The fluctuation of the N_a, Ncand LWC during cloud penetration was more obvious under polluted conditions（Type 1） than under clean conditions（Type 2）. Moreover, the wet scavenging of cloud droplets had a significant impact on the accumulation mode of aerosols, especially on particles with diameters less than 0.4 μm. The minimum wet scavenging coefficient within the cloud was close to 0.02 under Type 1 conditions, while it increased to 0.1 under Type 2 conditions,which proved that the cloud wet scavenging effect under Type 1 conditions was stronger than that under Type 2 conditions.Additionally, cloud droplet spectra under Type 1 conditions were narrower, and their horizontal distributions were more homogeneous than those under Type 2 conditions.

Aircraft Measurements of the Microphysical Properties of Stratiform Clouds with Embedded Convection

The presence of embedded convection in stratiform clouds strongly affects ice microphysical properties and precipitation formation.In situ aircraft measurements,including upward and downward spirals and horizontal penetrations,were performed within both embedded convective cells and stratiform regions of a mixedphase stratiform cloud system on 22 May 2017.Supercooled liquid water measurements,particle size distributions,and particle habits in different cloud regions were discussed with the intent of characterizing the riming process and determining how particle size distributions vary from convective to stratiform regions.Significant amounts of supercooled liquid water,with maxima up to 0.6 g m−3,were observed between−3℃ and−6℃ in the embedded convective cells while the peak liquid water content was generally less than 0.1 g m−3 in the stratiform regions.There are two distinct differences in particle size distributions between convective and stratiform regions.One difference is the significant shift toward larger particles from upper−15℃ to lower−10℃ in the convective region,with the maximum particle dimensions increasing from less than 6000μm to over 1 cm.The particles larger than 1 cm at−10℃ are composed of dendrites and their aggregates.The other difference is the large concentrations of small particles(25–205μm)at temperatures between−3℃ and−5℃ in the convective region,where rimed ice particles and needles coexist.Needle regions are observed from three of the five spirals,but only the cloud conditions within the convective region fit into the Hallett-Mossop criteria.

SAR-AIRcraft-1.0:高分辨率SAR飞机检测识别数据集

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中飞机散射点离散以及背景强干扰造成虚警的问题,该文提出了一种结合散射感知的SAR飞机检测识别方法。一方面,通过上下文引导的特征金字塔模块来增强全局信息,减弱复杂场景中强干扰的影响,提高检测识别的准确率。另一方面,利用散射关键点对目标进行定位,设计散射感知检测模块实现对回归框的细化校正,增强目标的定位精度。为了验证方法有效性、同时促进SAR飞机检测识别领域的研究发展,该文制作并公开了一个高分辨率SAR-AIRcraft-1.0数据集。该数据集图像来自高分三号卫星,包含4,368张图片和16,463个飞机目标实例,涵盖A220,A320/321,A330,ARJ21,Boeing737,Boeing787和other共7个类别。该文将提出的方法和常见深度学习算法在构建的数据集上进行实验,实验结果证明了散射感知方法的优异性能,并且形成了该数据集在SAR飞机检测、细粒度识别、检测识别一体化等不同任务中性能指标的基准。

GM(1,1)-MEA-BP组合模型电能消耗预测及应用

为解决传统单一模型泛化能力弱、预测精度低等问题,提出一种GM(1,1)灰色模型和MEA-BP神经网络的组合预测模型,解决了GM(1,1)预测模型对能耗的预测受时间因素影响随机波动大及预测精度较低等问题,融合MEA-BP神经网络并行计算、强容错力以及分布式信息存储等优势,减少了因数据波动而影响预测结果精度的情况,解决了误差无法反馈调整等问题。选取1985—2020年全国电能消耗总量为建模数据,与线性回归、三指数平滑、GM(1,1)、BP神经网络、MEA-BP神经网络等模型的预测结果进行分析比较。结果表明:GM(1,1)-MEA-BP组合模型相较于其他模型,预测精度最高,误差值最小,MAPE值达到0.0065,RMSE值达到977.9961。通过实例证明了GM(1,1)-MEA-BP组合模型对电能消耗量预测具备较高的精度,可为国家在能源方面宏观智能调度提供依据。

A bi-population immune algorithm for weapon transportation support scheduling problem with pickup and delivery on aircraft carrier deck

The weapon transportation support scheduling problem on aircraft carrier deck is the key to restricting the sortie rate and combat capability of carrier-based aircraft.This paper studies the problem and presents a novel solution architecture.Taking the interference of the carrier-based aircraft deck layout on the weapon transportation route and precedence constraint into consideration,a mixed integer formulation is established to minimize the total objective,which is constituted of makespan,load variance and accumulative transfer time of support unit.Solution approach is developed for the model.Firstly,based on modeling the carrier aircraft parked on deck as convex obstacles,the path library of weapon transportation is constructed through visibility graph and Warshall-Floyd methods.We then propose a bi-population immune algorithm in which a population-based forward/backward scheduling technique,local search schemes and a chaotic catastrophe operator are embedded.Besides,the randomkey solution representation and serial scheduling generation scheme are adopted to conveniently obtain a better solution.The Taguchi method is additionally employed to determine key parameters of the algorithm.Finally,on a set of generated realistic instances,we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms all compared algorithms designed for similar optimization problems and can significantly improve the efficiency,and that the established model and the bi-population immune algorithm can effectively respond to the weapon support requirements of carrier-based aircraft under different sortie missions.

Anti-Disturbance Control for Tethered Aircraft System With Deferred Output Constraints

In this paper,we investigate the peaking issue of extended state observers and the anti-disturbance control problem of tethered aircraft systems subject to the unstable flight of the main aircraft,airflow disturbances and deferred output constraints.Independent of exact initial values,a modified extended state observer is constructed from a shifting function such that not only the peaking issue inherently in the observer is circumvented completely but also the accurate estimation of the lumped disturbance is guaranteed.Meanwhile,to deal with deferred output constraints,an improved output constrained controller is employed by integrating the shifting function into the barrier Lyapunov function.Then,by combining the modified observer and the improved controller,an anti-disturbance control scheme is presented,which ensures that the outputs with any bounded initial conditions satisfy the constraints after a pre-specified finite time,and the tethered aircraft tracks the desired trajectory accurately.Finally,both a theoretical proof and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Refined Aerodynamic Test of Wide-Bodied Aircraft and Its Application

The large dual-channel wide-bodied aircraft has a long range and a high cruise Mach number.Therefore,its aerodynamic design requires a high level ofwind tunnel test refinement.Based on the requirements of aerodynamic design for the future wide-bodied aircraft and the characteristics of high-speed wind tunnel tests,the error theory is introduced to analyze the factors affecting the accuracy of the test data.This study carries out a series of research on the improvement of refined aerodynamic test technology in an FL-26 wind tunnel,including design and optimization of the support system of wide-bodied aircraft,model attitude angle measurement,Mach number control accuracy,measurement and control system stability,test data correction and perfection,high-precision force balance and standard model development.In addition,the effect of the standard specification of the refined aerodynamic test is investigated to improve the data quality.The research findings have been applied in the standard model test and subsequent models of wide-bodied aircraft.The results show that whenMach numbers are less than 0.9,the control accuracy of Mach numbers in the FL-26 wind tunnel is smaller than 0.001 and the measurement error of attack angle is smaller than 0.01°.Therefore,it has the ability to correct the data influenced by factors,such as support/wall interference,model deformation,floating resistance and airflow deflection angle.The repeatability accuracy of the standard model’s comparison test shows that the lift coefficient is less than or equal to 0.0012,the drag coefficient is less than or equal to 0.00004,pitching moment coefficient is less than or equal to 0.0004.The bending resolution of the model’s deformation measurement is less than 0.2 mm,and the tensional deformation is smaller than 0.04°.The revised aerodynamic data and model deformation measurement results have good agreement with that of the ETW wind tunnel.The results demonstrate that the improved technology presented in this paper can significantly enhance the refined aerodynamic test of wide-bodied aircraft.